Entrepreneurial Management

- April 2025
- Case
The CHIPS Program Office (Abridged)

By: Mitch Weiss and Sebastian Negron-Reichard

In February 2023, U.S. Commerce Secretary Gina Raimondo weighed signing off on a Notice of Funding Opportunity (“NOFO”) with at least one unconventional provision: a pre-application (“pre-app”) to the actual application for parts of $39 billion in direct semiconductor manufacturing incentives. The funding had been made available through the U.S. Department of Commerce by the CHIPS and Science Act (“CHIPS”) passed a few months earlier. Her team had also proposed additional measures for the NOFO. They’d added upside sharing provisions to align incentives. They’d included funding milestones so that only awardees making progress would receive additional funds. And they’d drafted a rolling process, so apps didn’t have to be evaluated all at once. Each mechanism, along with the pre-apps, they hoped, would help regain U.S. technological leadership while protecting taxpayer funds. Raimondo would have to decide whether the NOFO as conceived set the stage to do precisely that.
- April 2025
- Case
The CHIPS Program Office (Abridged)

By: Mitch Weiss and Sebastian Negron-Reichard

In February 2023, U.S. Commerce Secretary Gina Raimondo weighed signing off on a Notice of Funding Opportunity (“NOFO”) with at least one unconventional provision: a pre-application (“pre-app”) to the actual application for parts of $39 billion in direct semiconductor manufacturing incentives. The funding had been made available through the U.S....
- April 2025
- Case
Sharon Goldberg and BastionZero

By: Jeffrey J. Bussgang, James Barnett and Maxim Pike Harrell
- April 2025
- Case
Sharon Goldberg and BastionZero

By: Jeffrey J. Bussgang, James Barnett and Maxim Pike Harrell
- 2025
- Working Paper
Navigating Choppy Waters: How U.S. Trade Policy Uncertainty Affects Small Businesses

By: David Atkin, Zoë Cullen and Ebehi Iyoha

This paper explores the impact of recent changes in the US trade policy environment on small businesses. Drawing on a survey of more than 4,000 small businesses conducted between March 22 and 31, 2025, we examine firms’ knowledge, expectations, and decisions during a period of substantial trade policy uncertainty. Our findings reveal widespread knowledge gaps about current tariffs, even among internationally exposed firms. Most businesses expect continued policy uncertainty throughout 2025, anticipate reduced sales and increased costs, face limited options for mitigating tariff-induced cost increases, and do not expect government assistance in facilitating adaptation. These results highlight the vulnerability of small businesses, which represent a significant share of US economic activity, to rapid trade policy changes and suggest the need for clear policy communication and targeted support mechanisms.
- 2025
- Working Paper
Navigating Choppy Waters: How U.S. Trade Policy Uncertainty Affects Small Businesses

By: David Atkin, Zoë Cullen and Ebehi Iyoha

This paper explores the impact of recent changes in the US trade policy environment on small businesses. Drawing on a survey of more than 4,000 small businesses conducted between March 22 and 31, 2025, we examine firms’ knowledge, expectations, and decisions during a period of substantial trade policy uncertainty. Our findings reveal widespread...

About the Unit

The Entrepreneurial Management Unit strives to raise the level of academic work in the field of entrepreneurship, in methodological rigor, conceptual depth, and managerial applicability. We also strive to improve the odds of entrepreneurial success for our students and for practitioners worldwide.

Because it is such a complex phenomenon, entrepreneurship must be studied through multiple lenses. We use three.

The process of entrepreneurship - We seek to understand the processes of entrepreneurial activity in start-ups and established firms by examining the antecedents and consequences of various forms of entrepreneurial opportunity identification and opportunity pursuit for individuals, organizations, and industries. We see experimentation and innovation in products, services, processes, and business models as central to entrepreneurial activity.
The finance of entrepreneurship - We seek to understand the financing of entrepreneurial ventures by studying the antecedents and consequences of entrepreneurial funding decisions both domestically and internationally.
The context of entrepreneurship - We seek to understand the ways in which entrepreneurs both respond to and shape the context in which they operate, by examining the history of entrepreneurship across time and national borders and by analyzing the legal and cultural contexts for managerial action.

Please also visit the Arthur Rock Center for Entrepreneurship.

Recent Publications

Influencer-led brand building: Hairitage and the McKnights

By: William R. Kerr and James Palano

April 2025 |
Supplement |
Faculty Research

Citation

Purchase

The CHIPS Program Office (Abridged)

By: Mitch Weiss and Sebastian Negron-Reichard

April 2025 |
Case |
Faculty Research

In February 2023, U.S. Commerce Secretary Gina Raimondo weighed signing off on a Notice of Funding Opportunity (“NOFO”) with at least one unconventional provision: a pre-application (“pre-app”) to the actual application for parts of $39 billion in direct semiconductor manufacturing incentives. The funding had been made available through the U.S. Department of Commerce by the CHIPS and Science Act (“CHIPS”) passed a few months earlier. Her team had also proposed additional measures for the NOFO. They’d added upside sharing provisions to align incentives. They’d included funding milestones so that only awardees making progress would receive additional funds. And they’d drafted a rolling process, so apps didn’t have to be evaluated all at once. Each mechanism, along with the pre-apps, they hoped, would help regain U.S. technological leadership while protecting taxpayer funds. Raimondo would have to decide whether the NOFO as conceived set the stage to do precisely that.

Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Public Sector; Government Administration; Government Legislation; Motivation and Incentives; Semiconductor Industry; Public Administration Industry; United States

Citation

Educators

Sharon Goldberg and BastionZero

By: Jeffrey J. Bussgang, James Barnett and Maxim Pike Harrell

April 2025 |
Case |
Faculty Research

Citation

Educators

Duolingo: On a 'Streak'

By: Jeffrey F. Rayport and Nicole Tempest Keller

April 2025 |
Teaching Note |
Faculty Research

Citation

Purchase

Navigating Choppy Waters: How U.S. Trade Policy Uncertainty Affects Small Businesses

By: David Atkin, Zoë Cullen and Ebehi Iyoha

2025 |
Working Paper |
Faculty Research

This paper explores the impact of recent changes in the US trade policy environment on small businesses. Drawing on a survey of more than 4,000 small businesses conducted between March 22 and 31, 2025, we examine firms’ knowledge, expectations, and decisions during a period of substantial trade policy uncertainty. Our findings reveal widespread knowledge gaps about current tariffs, even among internationally exposed firms. Most businesses expect continued policy uncertainty throughout 2025, anticipate reduced sales and increased costs, face limited options for mitigating tariff-induced cost increases, and do not expect government assistance in facilitating adaptation. These results highlight the vulnerability of small businesses, which represent a significant share of US economic activity, to rapid trade policy changes and suggest the need for clear policy communication and targeted support mechanisms.

Keywords: Trade; Risk and Uncertainty; Government Legislation; Globalization; International Relations; Small Business

Citation

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Governors Reshaping Workforce Development: Turning WIOA Challenges into Workforce Solutions

By: Joseph B. Fuller, Kerry McKittrick, Nathalie Gazzaneo, Ariel Higuchi, Justine Gluck, Zoe Butler, Jack Porter and Malena Dailey

2025 |
White Paper |
Faculty Research

The Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA) grants Governors significant authority to shape their state workforce systems. Yet, little research explores how they use those powers to strengthen their economies and expand access to employment and training. To bridge that gap, the Project on Workforce conducted in-depth interviews with Governors’ workforce development policy advisors in 34 states and technical surveys of workforce administrators in 17 states. Our research examines how Governors are leveraging WIOA and other policies to design, fund, and implement workforce development strategies in an evolving economic landscape.

Keywords: Government Administration; Policy; Training; Employment

Citation

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Getting Value from Digital Technologies

By: Frank Cespedes and Georg Krentzel

March–April 2025 |
Article |
European Business Review

Companies need digital technologies in an omni-channel buying world where online and in-person interactions are complements, not either/or substitutes. Multi-channel hybrid sales solutions are required, but what are the key requirements for using the available technology for competitive advantage, rather than another cost of doing business? Based on work with companies, we see lessons from firms dealing with a humble but pervasive retail outlet: convenience stores and small eating/drinking venues. The U.S. has one such outlet for every 2,200 people, and 8 of 10 Americans visit weekly one or more of 150,000 convenience stores. The channel is even more important in other countries. In Mexico there are 800,000 outlets (1 for every 160 people), and in Europe the ratios are similar (e.g., Italy has about 350,000 small restaurants, bars, and hotels). This is a fragmented and high cost-to-serve channel, but for CPG (consumer packaged goods) companies these outlets generate up to 50% of their revenue in many countries. Sales productivity is key here, and this article discusses three required capabilities and examples of each: understanding the role of channel partners in the consumer buying journey and your sales approach; using timely data for relevant insights and overcoming common barriers to getting that data; and managing ecosystem changes and trade-offs.

Keywords: Sales; Technology Adoption; Competitive Advantage

Citation

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Mobvoi’s Path Through Market Challenges and Business Reinvention

By: Paul A. Gompers and Shu Lin

March 2025 |
Case |
Faculty Research

Founded in 2012, Mobvoi evolved through multiple transformations—from AI-driven voice technology to smart wearables and later AI-generated content. Backed by major investors, the company navigated shifts in strategy while facing two failed IPO attempts. As market conditions shifted and funding dried up, founder Zhifei Li faced a critical decision—should Mobvoi attempt another IPO or chart a different course for its future?

Keywords: Business Startups; Entrepreneurship; AI and Machine Learning; Technology Industry; China

Citation

Educators

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