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Publications

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    • All HBS Web  (246)
      • Faculty Publications  (24)

      Lean ProductionRemove Lean Production →

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      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      The Cybernetic Teammate: A Field Experiment on Generative AI Reshaping Teamwork and Expertise

      By: Fabrizio Dell'Acqua, Charles Ayoubi, Hila Lifshitz, Raffaella Sadun, Ethan Mollick, Lilach Mollick, Yi Han, Jeff Goldman, Hari Nair, Stew Taub and Karim R. Lakhani
      We examine how artificial intelligence transforms the core pillars of collaboration— performance, expertise sharing, and social engagement—through a pre-registered field experiment with 776 professionals at Procter & Gamble, a global consumer packaged goods company.... View Details
      Keywords: Artificial Intelligence; Teamwork; Human-machine Interaction; Productivity; Skills; Innovation; Field Experiment; AI and Machine Learning; Groups and Teams; Competency and Skills; Performance Productivity; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Product Development
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      Dell'Acqua, Fabrizio, Charles Ayoubi, Hila Lifshitz, Raffaella Sadun, Ethan Mollick, Lilach Mollick, Yi Han, Jeff Goldman, Hari Nair, Stew Taub, and Karim R. Lakhani. "The Cybernetic Teammate: A Field Experiment on Generative AI Reshaping Teamwork and Expertise." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-043, March 2025.
      • November 2023 (Revised January 2024)
      • Case

      Bridgit: Persevere or Pivot?

      By: Reza Satchu and Patrick Sanguineti
      In late 2012, Mallorie Brodie and Lauren Lake, two young women in their final year of college, founded Bridgit, a technology startup that developed solutions to simplify vital but laborious processes within the construction industry. In the Fall of 2013, after months... View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneur; Founder; Co-founders; Women Executives; Pivot; Startup; Business Model; Business Startups; Entrepreneurship; Applications and Software; Product Launch; Research and Development; Competition; Construction Industry; Technology Industry; United States; Canada
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      Satchu, Reza, and Patrick Sanguineti. "Bridgit: Persevere or Pivot?" Harvard Business School Case 824-118, November 2023. (Revised January 2024.)
      • 2022
      • Article

      Becoming a Learning Organization While Enhancing Performance: The Case of LEGO

      By: Thomas Borup Kristensen, Henrik Saabye and Amy Edmondson
      Purpose - The purpose of this study is to empirically test how problem-solving lean practices, along with leaders as learning facilitators in an action learning approach, can be transferred from a production context to a knowledge work context for the purpose... View Details
      Keywords: Performance Efficiency; Learning; Organizational Change and Adaptation
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      Kristensen, Thomas Borup, Henrik Saabye, and Amy Edmondson. "Becoming a Learning Organization While Enhancing Performance: The Case of LEGO." International Journal of Operations & Production Management 42, no. 13 (2022): 438–481.
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Determinants of Early-Stage Startup Performance: Survey Results

      By: Thomas R. Eisenmann
      To explore determinants of new venture performance, the CEOs of 470 early-stage startups were surveyed regarding a broad range of factors related to their venture’s customer value proposition, product management, marketing, technology and operations, financial... View Details
      Keywords: Startups; Survey Research; Performance Analysis; Entrepreneurship; Performance; Analysis; Business Startups; Failure; Surveys
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      Eisenmann, Thomas R. "Determinants of Early-Stage Startup Performance: Survey Results." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-057, October 2020.
      • July 2020
      • Case

      Kathy Fish at Procter & Gamble: Navigating Industry Disruption by Disrupting from Within

      By: Emily Truelove, Linda A. Hill and Emily Tedards
      When Kathy Fish, Procter & Gamble’s Chief Research, Development & Innovation Officer, and a 40-year company veteran, stepped into her role in 2014, she was concerned that the world’s leading consumer packaged goods company had lost its capability to produce a steady... View Details
      Keywords: Female Protagonist; Organizational Change; Organizational Behavior; Culture Change; Digital; Innovation; Lean Startup; Experimentation; Metrics; Consumer Packaged Goods (CPG); Leadership; Leading Change; Change Management; Organizational Culture; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Disruption; Innovation and Invention; Digital Transformation
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      Truelove, Emily, Linda A. Hill, and Emily Tedards. "Kathy Fish at Procter & Gamble: Navigating Industry Disruption by Disrupting from Within." Harvard Business School Case 421-012, July 2020.
      • March 2020
      • Case

      SRS and the Defense Innovation Unit: Rethinking Procurement

      By: Paul A. Gompers and David Lane
      SRS and the Defense Innovation Unit (DIU) follows the process by which SRS, a lean maker of remotely-operated submersible vehicles, navigates the DIU’s acquisition process. Set up in 2015 to speed the U.S. military’s access to promising commercial technologies, the DIU... View Details
      Keywords: Procurement; Defense Innovation Unit; Business Startups; Acquisition; Technological Innovation; Investment; Commercialization; United States
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      Gompers, Paul A., and David Lane. "SRS and the Defense Innovation Unit: Rethinking Procurement." Harvard Business School Case 220-047, March 2020.
      • October 2018 (Revised May 2019)
      • Teaching Note

      Intuit: Turbo Tax PersonalPro - A Tale of Two Entrepreneurs

      By: Joseph Fuller, Shikhar Ghosh and Monica Baraldi
      Teaching Note for HBS No. 816-048. The case tells the story of a product manager within Intuit who develops an idea for a new product that spans two of the company's existing business units—professional tax software, sold to accountants, and the consumer focused... View Details
      Keywords: Business Units; Business or Company Management; Applications and Software; Accounting; Product Development; Financial Services Industry
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      Fuller, Joseph, Shikhar Ghosh, and Monica Baraldi. "Intuit: Turbo Tax PersonalPro - A Tale of Two Entrepreneurs." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 319-045, October 2018. (Revised May 2019.)
      • September 2018
      • Article

      Do Experts or Crowd-Based Models Produce More Bias? Evidence from Encyclopædia Britannica and Wikipedia

      By: Shane Greenstein and Feng Zhu
      Organizations today can use both crowds and experts to produce knowledge. While prior work compares the accuracy of crowd-produced and expert-produced knowledge, we compare bias in these two models in the context of contested knowledge, which involves subjective,... View Details
      Keywords: Online Community; Collective Intelligence; Wisdom Of Crowds; Bias; Wikipedia; Britannica; Knowledge Production; Knowledge Sharing; Knowledge Dissemination; Prejudice and Bias
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      Greenstein, Shane, and Feng Zhu. "Do Experts or Crowd-Based Models Produce More Bias? Evidence from Encyclopædia Britannica and Wikipedia." MIS Quarterly 42, no. 3 (September 2018): 945–959.
      • May 2018
      • Supplement

      Video Supplement to Toyota Motor Manufacturing, U.S.A. case (693-019): An updated video of Toyota Motor Manufacturing Kentucky, Georgetown, KY site showing seat installation

      By: Willy C. Shih
      This is an updated video of the Toyota Motor Manufacturing Kentucky (TMMK) assembly facility in Georgetown, KY. It is meant to be paired with the 693-019 Toyota Motor Manufacturing U.S.A. case, but with higher quality video. The vidoe shows a line tour of Assembly Two... View Details
      Keywords: Manufacturing; Manufacturing Strategy; Lean Management; Toyota Production System; Just-in-time; Lean Production; Automotive Industry; Automobile Manufacturing; Automotive; Automotive Supply Chain; Production; Operations; Logistics; Auto Industry; United States
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      Shih, Willy C. "Video Supplement to Toyota Motor Manufacturing, U.S.A. case (693-019): An updated video of Toyota Motor Manufacturing Kentucky, Georgetown, KY site showing seat installation." Harvard Business School Multimedia/Video Supplement 618-713, May 2018.
      • October 2016
      • Case

      Elon Musk: Balancing Purpose and Risk

      By: Shikhar Ghosh and Sarah Mehta
      The case is used to illustrate the place of ‘Purpose’ versus financial risk and returns in a founder’s objectives. It also addresses personal risk profile of different founders, and when paired with the Risk Tolerance Exercise, it enables evaluating one’s own appetite... View Details
      Keywords: Electric Vehicle; Solar Power; Vision; Trade-offs; Leadership; Mission and Purpose; Risk and Uncertainty; Entrepreneurship; Failure; United States; North America
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      Ghosh, Shikhar, and Sarah Mehta. "Elon Musk: Balancing Purpose and Risk." Harvard Business School Case 817-040, October 2016.
      • September 2015 (Revised March 2016)
      • Case

      Intuit: Turbo Tax PersonalPro - A Tale of Two Entrepreneurs

      By: Shikhar Ghosh, Joseph Fuller and Michael Roberts
      The case provides a vehicle for teaching about both corporate intrapreneurship and the use of lean startup methods. It tells the story of a product manager within Intuit who develops an idea for a new product that spans two of the company's existing business... View Details
      Keywords: Business Units; Business or Company Management; Applications and Software; Accounting; Product Development; Financial Services Industry
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      Ghosh, Shikhar, Joseph Fuller, and Michael Roberts. "Intuit: Turbo Tax PersonalPro - A Tale of Two Entrepreneurs." Harvard Business School Case 816-048, September 2015. (Revised March 2016.)
      • 2013
      • Book

      Managing Startups: Best Blog Posts

      By: Tom Eisenmann
      Harvard Business School Professor Tom Eisenmann annually compiles the best posts from many blogs on technology startup management, primarily for the benefit of his students. This book makes his latest collection available to the broader entrepreneur community. Divided... View Details
      Keywords: Lean Startup; Startup; Prototyping; MVP; Minimum Viable Product; Freemium; SaaS; A/B Testing; Business Model
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      Eisenmann, Tom, ed. Managing Startups: Best Blog Posts. Sebastopol, CA: O'Reilly Media, Inc., 2013.
      • November 2012
      • Case

      New Balance Athletic Shoe, Inc. (Abridged)

      By: H. Kent Bowen, Robert S. Huckman, Carin-Isabel Knoop and Matthew Preble
      Considers whether New Balance, one of the world's five largest manufacturers of athletic footwear, should respond to Adidas' planned acquisition of Reebok—a transaction that would join the second- and third-largest companies in the industry. Highlights the unique... View Details
      Keywords: Production; Competitive Strategy; Supply Chain; Brands and Branding; Apparel and Accessories Industry; Sports Industry; Retail Industry; Asia; United States
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      Bowen, H. Kent, Robert S. Huckman, Carin-Isabel Knoop, and Matthew Preble. "New Balance Athletic Shoe, Inc. (Abridged)." Harvard Business School Case 613-006, November 2012.
      • March 2011 (Revised February 2012)
      • Case

      Innovation and Growth at Actelion Ltd.

      By: Gary P. Pisano, Daniela Beyersdorfer and Ruth Dittrich
      In late 2010, Jean-Paul Clozel, CEO of the Swiss biotech pharmaceuticals firm Actelion, looks back on a successful decade. The small venture that he had started with a few of his scientist colleagues in the late 1990s to discover novel medicine in a research-driven... View Details
      Keywords: Business Model; Talent and Talent Management; Innovation and Management; Leadership; Growth and Development Strategy; Product Development; Organizational Culture; Research and Development; Biotechnology Industry; Pharmaceutical Industry; Switzerland
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      Pisano, Gary P., Daniela Beyersdorfer, and Ruth Dittrich. "Innovation and Growth at Actelion Ltd." Harvard Business School Case 611-065, March 2011. (Revised February 2012.)
      • October 2009 (Revised July 2012)
      • Case

      Emotiv Systems Inc.: It's the Thoughts that Count

      By: Elie Ofek, Jason Riis and Paul Hamilton
      Emotiv is getting ready to launch its innovative brain-computer interfacing (BCI) technology. The company has developed a special headset, called EPOC, and highly sophisticated software that can translate a person's emotions, cognitive thoughts, and facial expressions... View Details
      Keywords: Technology Adoption; Sales; Technological Innovation; Demand and Consumers; Marketing Strategy; Partners and Partnerships; Entrepreneurship; Forecasting and Prediction; Product Launch; Business Startups; Technology Industry
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      Ofek, Elie, Jason Riis, and Paul Hamilton. "Emotiv Systems Inc.: It's the Thoughts that Count." Harvard Business School Case 510-050, October 2009. (Revised July 2012.)
      • February 2009 (Revised July 2012)
      • Case

      Jieliang Phone Home! (A)

      By: Willy Shih, Ethan Bernstein and Nina Bilimoria
      At Precision Electro-Tek's mobile phone manufacturing facility in southern China, thousands of operators—bright and capable young men and (mostly) women like Jieliang Hao—are motivated to improve line productivity through small innovations for faster assembly and have... View Details
      Keywords: Compensation and Benefits; Job Design and Levels; Business Processes; Behavior; Motivation and Incentives; Manufacturing Industry; China
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      Shih, Willy, Ethan Bernstein, and Nina Bilimoria. "Jieliang Phone Home! (A)." Harvard Business School Case 609-080, February 2009. (Revised July 2012.)
      • February 2009 (Revised August 2021)
      • Supplement

      Jieliang Phone Home! (B)

      By: Willy Shih, Ethan Bernstein and Nina Bilimoria
      At Precision Electro-Tek's mobile phone manufacturing facility in southern China, thousands of operators—bright and capable young men and (mostly) women like Jieliang Hao—are motivated to improve line productivity through small innovations for faster assembly and have... View Details
      Keywords: Managing People; Motivation and Incentives; Behavior; Production; Innovation and Invention; Performance Productivity; Groups and Teams; Management Practices and Processes; Compensation and Benefits; Labor; Surveys; Decisions; Manufacturing Industry; China
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      Shih, Willy, Ethan Bernstein, and Nina Bilimoria. "Jieliang Phone Home! (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 609-081, February 2009. (Revised August 2021.)
      • February 2009 (Revised July 2012)
      • Supplement

      Jieliang Phone Home! (C)

      By: Willy Shih, Ethan Bernstein and Nina Bilimoria
      At Precision Electro-Tek's mobile phone manufacturing facility in southern China, thousands of operators - bright and capable young men and (mostly) women like Jieliang Hao are motivated to improve line productivity through small innovations for faster assembly and... View Details
      Keywords: Globalization; Compensation and Benefits; Surveys; Innovation and Invention; Management Practices and Processes; Production; Performance Productivity; Groups and Teams; Labor and Management Relations; Behavior; Motivation and Incentives; Manufacturing Industry; Telecommunications Industry; China
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      Shih, Willy, Ethan Bernstein, and Nina Bilimoria. "Jieliang Phone Home! (C)." Harvard Business School Supplement 609-082, February 2009. (Revised July 2012.)
      • 2008
      • Working Paper

      Modern Management: Good for the Environment or Just Hot Air?

      By: Nicholas Bloom, Christos Genakos, Ralf Martin and Raffaella Sadun
      We use an innovative methodology to measure management practices in over 300 manufacturing firms in the UK. We then match this management data to production and energy usage information for establishments owned by these firms. We find that establishments in better... View Details
      Keywords: Energy Conservation; Management Practices and Processes; Performance Productivity; Environmental Sustainability; Pollutants; Manufacturing Industry; United Kingdom
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      Bloom, Nicholas, Christos Genakos, Ralf Martin, and Raffaella Sadun. "Modern Management: Good for the Environment or Just Hot Air?" NBER Working Paper Series, No. 14394, October 2008.
      • May 2006
      • Case

      Esterline Technologies: Lean Manufacturing

      By: Richard L. Nolan, Karen A. Brown and Subodha Kumar
      Raises the issue of the appropriate role of IT in lean manufacturing. Most large manufacturing companies have implemented ERP IT systems to support lean manufacturing practices. The Kerry plant of Esterline Technologies attempted an ERP implementation and then... View Details
      Keywords: Decisions; Technological Innovation; Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques; Management Systems; Production; Information Technology; Technology Adoption; Manufacturing Industry
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      Nolan, Richard L., Karen A. Brown, and Subodha Kumar. "Esterline Technologies: Lean Manufacturing." Harvard Business School Case 906-417, May 2006.
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