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    • All HBS Web  (3,081)
      • Faculty Publications  (533)

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      • September 2020
      • Case

      Uber at a Crossroads (2017)

      By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell and Karen Elterman
      This case describes the history of Uber, its business model—including the ways it differed from that of the traditional taxi industry—and its competition with Lyft. The case is set in 2017, a year in which Uber was plagued by even more scandals than usual, though its... View Details
      Keywords: Business Startups; Business Model; Customer Satisfaction; Fairness; Values and Beliefs; Price; Profit; Revenue; Investment; Government Legislation; Business History; Compensation and Benefits; Resignation and Termination; Employment; Wages; Lawfulness; Leadership Style; Leading Change; Management Style; Market Entry and Exit; Digital Platforms; Product Design; Organizational Culture; Problems and Challenges; Attitudes; Strategy; Competitive Strategy; Expansion; Transportation Networks; Mobile and Wireless Technology; Valuation; Transportation Industry; Technology Industry; United States
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      Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, and Karen Elterman. "Uber at a Crossroads (2017)." Harvard Business School Case 721-376, September 2020.
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Design and Analysis of Switchback Experiments

      By: Iavor I Bojinov, David Simchi-Levi and Jinglong Zhao
      In switchback experiments, a firm sequentially exposes an experimental unit to a random treatment, measures its response, and repeats the procedure for several periods to determine which treatment leads to the best outcome. Although practitioners have widely adopted... View Details
      Keywords: Switchback Experiments; Design; Analysis; Mathematical Methods
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      Bojinov, Iavor I., David Simchi-Levi, and Jinglong Zhao. "Design and Analysis of Switchback Experiments." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-034, September 2020.
      • 2020
      • Book

      Work, Mate, Marry, Love: How Machines Shape Our Human Destiny

      By: Debora L. Spar
      Covering a time frame that ranges from 8000 BC to the present, and drawing upon both Marxist and feminist theories, the book argues that nearly all the decisions we make in our most intimate lives—whom to marry, how to have children, how to have sex, how to think about... View Details
      Keywords: Innovation; Family; Women; Reproduction; Artificial Intelligence; Robots; Gender; Demography; History; Innovation and Invention; Relationships; Society; Information Technology; AI and Machine Learning; Biotechnology Industry; Computer Industry; Health Industry; Information Technology Industry; Manufacturing Industry; Technology Industry; Africa; Asia; Europe; Latin America; North and Central America
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      Spar, Debora L. Work, Mate, Marry, Love: How Machines Shape Our Human Destiny. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2020.
      • Article

      The Importance of Being Causal

      By: Iavor I Bojinov, Albert Chen and Min Liu
      Causal inference is the study of how actions, interventions, or treatments affect outcomes of interest. The methods that have received the lion’s share of attention in the data science literature for establishing causation are variations of randomized experiments.... View Details
      Keywords: Causal Inference; Observational Studies; Cross-sectional Studies; Panel Studies; Interrupted Time-series; Instrumental Variables
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      Bojinov, Iavor I., Albert Chen, and Min Liu. "The Importance of Being Causal." Harvard Data Science Review 2.3 (July 30, 2020).
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Of Learning and Forgetting: Centrism, Populism, and the Legitimacy Crisis of Globalization

      By: Rawi Abdelal
      Every order is a bargain with disappointments and trade-offs. Thus is every order an unstable equilibrium. The first era of globalization, circa 1870–1914, created both international prosperity and domestic instability. That instability was fully realized during the... View Details
      Keywords: Centrism; Populism; Globalization; History; Balance and Stability; Economic Systems; Government and Politics; Learning
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      Abdelal, Rawi. "Of Learning and Forgetting: Centrism, Populism, and the Legitimacy Crisis of Globalization." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-008, July 2020.
      • July 2020 (Revised September 2021)
      • Case

      Mr. Five Percent: Calouste Gulbenkian and the Origins of Global Oil

      By: Geoffrey Jones and Yazeed Al-Rashed
      This case describes the business career of Calouste Gulbenkian, a skilled intermediary who was able to secure 5 percent of a vast oil concession covering much of the Middle East that was signed in 1928. Gulbenkian was an ethnic Armenian born in the Ottoman Empire,... View Details
      Keywords: Oil; Globalization; Energy Sources; History; Biography; Energy Industry; Turkey; Central Asia; Middle East
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      Jones, Geoffrey, and Yazeed Al-Rashed. "Mr. Five Percent: Calouste Gulbenkian and the Origins of Global Oil." Harvard Business School Case 321-003, July 2020. (Revised September 2021.)
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Cephalosporins—Fighting Hospital Infections: Case Histories of Transformational Advances

      By: Amar Bhidé, Srikant Datar and Katherine Stebbins
      This case history describes the development of three generations of cephalosporins – antibiotics that have significantly reduced hospital infections. Specifically, we chronicle how: 1) Early (pre-cephalosporin) antibiotics were developed in the first half of the 20th... View Details
      Keywords: Health Care and Treatment; Technological Innovation; Innovation Strategy; Technology Adoption; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Innovation and Invention; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms
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      Bhidé, Amar, Srikant Datar, and Katherine Stebbins. "Cephalosporins—Fighting Hospital Infections: Case Histories of Transformational Advances." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-133, July 2020. (Revised May 2024.)
      • June 2020
      • Teaching Note

      Brand Storytelling at Shinola

      By: Jill Avery, Giana M. Eckhardt and Michael Beverland
      Detroit, Michigan, aka “The Motor City,” is known as the birthplace of most of the American classic automotive brands. It is a city filled with the rich history of the industrial age, the pride of American manufacturing, and of the soulful sounds of Motown music. It is... View Details
      Keywords: Brand Storytelling; Brand Management; Brand Management Of Places; Luxury Brand; Marketing; Brands and Branding; Marketing Communications; Advertising; Luxury; Marketing Strategy; Consumer Products Industry; United States
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      Avery, Jill, Giana M. Eckhardt, and Michael Beverland. "Brand Storytelling at Shinola." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 520-127, June 2020.
      • June 2020
      • Article

      Lazy Prices

      By: Lauren Cohen, Christopher J. Malloy and Quoc Nguyen
      We explore the implications of a subtle "default" choice that firms make in their regular reporting practices, namely that firms typically repeat what they most recently reported. Using the complete history of regular quarterly and annual filings by U.S. corporations... View Details
      Keywords: Default Behavior; Inertia; Firms; Disclosure; Information; Business or Company Management; Behavior; Annual Reports; Corporate Disclosure; Financial Reporting; United States
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      Cohen, Lauren, Christopher J. Malloy, and Quoc Nguyen. "Lazy Prices." Journal of Finance 75, no. 3 (June 2020): 1371–1415. (Winner of the First Prize, Chicago Quantitative Alliance Academic Paper Competition, 2016. Winner of the Jack Treynor Prize for superior work in the field of investment management and financial markets, sponsored by the Q-Group,The Institute for Quantitative Research in Finance, 2016. Winner of the Hillcrest Behavioral Finance Prize, 2016.)
      • May 2020 (Revised July 2022)
      • Case

      Brand Storytelling at Shinola

      By: Jill Avery, Giana M. Eckhardt and Michael B. Beverland
      Detroit, Michigan, aka “The Motor City,” is most known as the birthplace of most of the American classic automotive brands. It is a city filled with the rich history of the industrial age, the pride of American manufacturing, and of the soulful sounds of Motown music.... View Details
      Keywords: Marketing; Brands and Branding; Marketing Communications; Advertising; Luxury; Consumer Products Industry; Apparel and Accessories Industry; Retail Industry; Detroit; United States; North America
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      Avery, Jill, Giana M. Eckhardt, and Michael B. Beverland. "Brand Storytelling at Shinola." Harvard Business School Case 520-102, May 2020. (Revised July 2022.)
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      The Seeds of Ideology: Historical Immigration and Political Preferences in the United States

      By: Paola Giuliano and Marco Tabellini
      We study the long run effects of immigration on American political ideology. Exploiting cross-county variation in the presence of European immigrants between 1900 and 1930, we establish a novel result: historical European immigration is associated with stronger... View Details
      Keywords: Political Ideology; Preferences For Redistribution; Cultural Transmission; Immigration; History; Values and Beliefs; Welfare; United States
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      Giuliano, Paola, and Marco Tabellini. "The Seeds of Ideology: Historical Immigration and Political Preferences in the United States." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-118, May 2020. (Revised July 2024. Conditionally accepted at the Journal of the European Economic Association. Available also from VOX, UCLA Anderson Review, Weekendavisen, Cato Institute, Luxembourg Institute of Socio-Economic Research (LISER), World Financial Review, and Newsweek.)
      • May 2020
      • Article

      Ancient Origins of the Global Variation in Economic Preferences

      By: Anke Becker, Benjamin Enke and Armin Falk
      This paper shows that contemporary population-level heterogeneity in risk aversion, time preference, altruism, positive reciprocity, negative reciprocity, and trust partly traces back to the structure of the migration patterns of our very early ancestors. To document... View Details
      Keywords: Migration Patterns; Behavioral Economics; Preferences; Microeconomics; Demography; Decision Making; Risk and Uncertainty; History; Global Range
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      Becker, Anke, Benjamin Enke, and Armin Falk. "Ancient Origins of the Global Variation in Economic Preferences." AEA Papers and Proceedings 110 (May 2020): 319–323.
      • April 2020 (Revised June 2020)
      • Case

      Oriental Land Co., Ltd.—Tokyo Disney Resort

      By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell and Akiko Kanno
      This case describes the history of Oriental Land Co. Ltd.’s (OLC's) Tokyo Disney Resort (TDR), its operations, the extent of vertical integration, and the challenges it faced in 2018 as OLC's chairman and CEO, Toshio Kagami, contemplated how best to deal with... View Details
      Keywords: Strategy For Multi-business Firm; Business Models; Growth; Theme Parks; Disney; Disney Parks; Licensing; Royalties; Two-part Tariffs; Oriental Land Co.; Tokyo Disneyland; Tokyo DisneySea; Tokyo Disney Resort; Tokyo Disney; Growth Strategy; Hotels; Hotel Industry; Partnership; Development; Attractions; Rides; Urayasu; Kagami; Congestion; Pricing; Amusement Parks; Amusement Park Industry; Brand; Branding; History; OLC; Corporate Strategy; Competitive Strategy; Business History; Price; Retention; Growth and Development; Growth and Development Strategy; Brands and Branding; Agreements and Arrangements; Contracts; Operations; Vertical Integration; Problems and Challenges; Partners and Partnerships; Business Strategy; Expansion; Rail Transportation; Transportation Networks; Accommodations Industry; Entertainment and Recreation Industry; Tourism Industry; Asia; Japan; Tokyo; United States
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      Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, and Akiko Kanno. "Oriental Land Co., Ltd.—Tokyo Disney Resort." Harvard Business School Case 720-460, April 2020. (Revised June 2020.)
      • January 2020
      • Case

      SK Group: Social Progress Credits

      By: George Serafeim, Ethan Rouen and David Freiberg
      SK Group was one of the largest companies South Korea. A family-run conglomerate consisting of around 120 subsidiaries and employing more than 100,000, SK was tightly knit into the fabric of Korean society. SK viewed their future success as contingent upon the strength... View Details
      Keywords: Impact; Impact Investing; Impact Measurement; Social Value; Social Development; Conglomerates; Measurement Of Purpose; ESG; ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) Performance; Capital Markets; Innovation; Environmental Impact; Collaboration; Social Enterprise; Social and Collaborative Networks; Social Issues; Measurement and Metrics; Value Creation; Cooperation; Environmental Sustainability; Employment; Accounting; Energy Industry; Telecommunications Industry; Chemical Industry; South Korea
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      Serafeim, George, Ethan Rouen, and David Freiberg. "SK Group: Social Progress Credits." Harvard Business School Case 120-071, January 2020.
      • January 2020
      • Article

      Gifts of the Immigrants, Woes of the Natives: Lessons from the Age of Mass Migration

      By: Marco Tabellini
      In this paper, I jointly investigate the political and the economic effects of immigration and study the causes of anti-immigrant sentiments. I exploit exogenous variation in European immigration to U.S. cities between 1910 and 1930 induced by World War I and the... View Details
      Keywords: Political Backlash; Age Of Mass Migration; Cultural Diversity; Immigration; History; Economy; Attitudes; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Diversity
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      Tabellini, Marco. "Gifts of the Immigrants, Woes of the Natives: Lessons from the Age of Mass Migration." Review of Economic Studies 87, no. 1 (January 2020): 454–486. (Also Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 19-005, July 2018. Available also from Cato Institute, Microeconomic Insights, VOX, Broadstreet, Cato Institute, and in Oxford University Press's Blog.)
      • December 2019 (Revised June 2024)
      • Case

      The Dutch East India Company in 1612 (A)

      By: Lynn S. Paine and Giuseppe Dari-Mattiacci
      The Dutch East India Company’s board of directors must decide what to do about an impending legal requirement to liquidate the company’s assets and return to shareholders their capital and any profits earned during a ten-year lock-up period. The charter granted to the... View Details
      Keywords: Corporate Governance; Globalized Firms and Management; Organizational Structure; Laws and Statutes; Financial Markets; Business and Shareholder Relations; Business and Government Relations; Business History; Shipping Industry; Netherlands
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      Paine, Lynn S., and Giuseppe Dari-Mattiacci. "The Dutch East India Company in 1612 (A)." Harvard Business School Case 320-047, December 2019. (Revised June 2024.)
      • December 2019
      • Case

      The Business of Pain: Johnson & Johnson and the Promise of Opioids

      By: Erik Snowberg, Trevor Fetter and Amy W. Schulman
      This case is designed to provide an engrossing overview of stakeholder capitalism through a vigorous discussion of the conflicts that can arise when trying to serve multiple stakeholders. In 2007, Johnson & Johnson’s (J&J) subsidiary Janssen has to decide whether or... View Details
      Keywords: Opioids; Addiction; Stakeholder Capitalism; Business and Stakeholder Relations; Product Launch; Decision Making; Ethics; Social Issues; Pharmaceutical Industry
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      Snowberg, Erik, Trevor Fetter, and Amy W. Schulman. "The Business of Pain: Johnson & Johnson and the Promise of Opioids." Harvard Business School Case 720-420, December 2019.
      • December 2019
      • Supplement

      The Business of Pain: Johnson & Johnson and the Promise of Opioids (B)

      By: Erik Snowberg, Trevor Fetter and Amy W. Schulman
      This case is designed to provide an engrossing overview of stakeholder capitalism through a vigorous discussion of the conflicts that can arise when trying to serve multiple stakeholders. In 2007, Johnson & Johnson’s (J&J) subsidiary Janssen has to decide whether or... View Details
      Keywords: Opioids; Addiction; Business and Stakeholder Relations; Product Launch; Ethics; Society; Pharmaceutical Industry
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      Snowberg, Erik, Trevor Fetter, and Amy W. Schulman. "The Business of Pain: Johnson & Johnson and the Promise of Opioids (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 720-423, December 2019.
      • November 2019 (Revised January 2025)
      • Case

      Russia: A Drama In Three Acts

      By: Rawi Abdelal, Rafael Di Tella, Galit Goldstein, Sogomon Tarontsi and Lavinia Teodorescu
      The collapse of central authority in the Soviet Union in 1991 ushered in a period of revolutionary transformations for the states that emerged in its wake. The leaders of Russia, the USSR's successor, struggled to reestablish central authority while also seeking to... View Details
      Keywords: Government Policy; Policy Change; Policy Making; Economic Systems; Economics; Globalization; Emerging Markets; Privatization; Non-Renewable Energy; Governance; Global Strategy; Corporate Governance; Policy; Business History; Lawfulness; Problems and Challenges; Business and Government Relations; Risk and Uncertainty; Strategy; Change Management; Developing Countries and Economies; Russia; Moscow
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      Abdelal, Rawi, Rafael Di Tella, Galit Goldstein, Sogomon Tarontsi, and Lavinia Teodorescu. "Russia: A Drama In Three Acts." Harvard Business School Case 720-020, November 2019. (Revised January 2025.)
      • 2019
      • Working Paper

      Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 17 The Wintel Standards-based Platform

      By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
      The purpose of this chapter is to use the theory of bottlenecks laid out in previous chapters to better understand the dynamics of an open standards-based platform. I describe how the Wintel platform evolved from 1990 through 2000 under joint sponsorship of Intel and... View Details
      Keywords: Open Platforms; Bottlenecks; Wintel Platform; Disintermediation; Information Infrastructure; Applications and Software; Business History; Digital Platforms; Computer Industry
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      Baldwin, Carliss Y. "Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 17 The Wintel Standards-based Platform." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-055, November 2019.
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