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    • All HBS Web  (1,016)
      • Faculty Publications  (52)

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      • April 2025
      • Article

      Dynamic Silos: Increased Modularity and Decreased Stability in Intra-organizational Communication Networks During the COVID-19 Pandemic

      By: Tiona Zuzul, Emily Cox Pahnke, Jonathan Larson, Christopher White, Patrick Bourke, Nicholas Caurvina, Neha Parikh Shah, Fereshteh Amini, Youngser Park, Joshua Vogelstein, Jeffrey Weston and Carey E. Priebe
      Workplace communications around the world were drastically altered by COVID-19, related work-from-home orders, and the rise of remote work. To understand these shifts, we analyzed aggregated, anonymized metadata from over 360 billion emails within 4,361 organizations... View Details
      Keywords: Remote Work; COVID-19; Communication Technology; Organizational Change and Adaptation
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      Zuzul, Tiona, Emily Cox Pahnke, Jonathan Larson, Christopher White, Patrick Bourke, Nicholas Caurvina, Neha Parikh Shah, Fereshteh Amini, Youngser Park, Joshua Vogelstein, Jeffrey Weston, and Carey E. Priebe. "Dynamic Silos: Increased Modularity and Decreased Stability in Intra-organizational Communication Networks During the COVID-19 Pandemic." Management Science 71, no. 4 (April 2025): 3428–3448.
      • March 2025 (Revised June 2025)
      • Case

      Designing the Future of Work: Atlassian’s Distributed Work Practices

      By: Ashley Whillans and Gabriel Rondón Ichikawa
      In early 2020, the software company Atlassian made a bold commitment: employees could work from anywhere—forever. While many tech peers reversed course on remote work, Atlassian worked to optimize their fully distributed model across 13 countries. This case follows... View Details
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      Whillans, Ashley, and Gabriel Rondón Ichikawa. "Designing the Future of Work: Atlassian’s Distributed Work Practices." Harvard Business School Case 925-029, March 2025. (Revised June 2025.)
      • March 2025 (Revised May 2025)
      • Case

      ING Türkiye: Flexible Work in a Competitive Banking Environment

      By: Ashley Whillans and Nico Schaefer
      This case explores ING Türkiye’s journey toward workplace flexibility within the traditionally conservative Turkish banking sector. Beginning with early remote work experiments in 2015 and culminating in the FlexING model, by 2024 ING Türkiye had positioned itself as a... View Details
      Keywords: Talent and Talent Management; Employee Relationship Management; Working Conditions; Business or Company Management; Adaptation; Competition; Organizational Culture; Banking Industry; Turkey
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      Whillans, Ashley, and Nico Schaefer. "ING Türkiye: Flexible Work in a Competitive Banking Environment." Harvard Business School Case 925-027, March 2025. (Revised May 2025.)
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      The Hidden Costs of Flexible Labor Models: How Working Multiple Jobs Affects Employees

      By: Paige Tsai and Ryan W. Buell
      As operations increasingly rely upon flexible labor models—such as gig, part-time, and remote work—it has become commonplace for individuals to work multiple jobs. Across three studies, relying on a combination of transaction-level data from 90,548 customers of a... View Details
      Keywords: Behavioral Operations; Employee Behavior; Job Design; Sustainable Operations; Wellbeing; Job Design and Levels; Personal Finance; Well-being; Happiness; Satisfaction; Wages
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      Tsai, Paige, and Ryan W. Buell. "The Hidden Costs of Flexible Labor Models: How Working Multiple Jobs Affects Employees." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-036, January 2025. (Revised June 2025.)
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Home Sweet Home: How Much Do Employees Value Remote Work?

      By: Zoë B. Cullen, Bobak Pakzad-Hurson and Ricardo Perez-Truglia
      We estimate the value employees place on remote work using revealed preferences in a high-stakes, real-world context, focusing on U.S. tech workers. On average, employees are willing to accept a 25% pay cut for partly or fully remote roles. Our estimates are three to... View Details
      Keywords: Employees; Compensation and Benefits; Satisfaction; Value; Research
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      Cullen, Zoë B., Bobak Pakzad-Hurson, and Ricardo Perez-Truglia. "Home Sweet Home: How Much Do Employees Value Remote Work?" NBER Working Paper Series, No. 33383, January 2025.
      • October 2023 (Revised April 2024)
      • Case

      ghSMART & Co: Building and Scaling a Time Smart Firm

      By: Ashley Whillans and Sara Coronel Rodriguez
      "For ghSMART, freedom is the first principle from which all good things flow”—Geoff Smart, Chairman and Founder, ghSMART. ghSMART was a leadership advisory firm that was grounded in the principle of freedom. Talented Consultants and Partners could work remotely from... View Details
      Keywords: Time; Consulting Firms; Time Management; Talent and Talent Management; Employee Relationship Management; Innovation Strategy; Knowledge Sharing; Organizational Culture; Going Public; Partners and Partnerships; Expansion; Reputation
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      Whillans, Ashley, and Sara Coronel Rodriguez. "ghSMART & Co: Building and Scaling a Time Smart Firm." Harvard Business School Case 924-009, October 2023. (Revised April 2024.)
      • September 2023
      • Technical Note

      Work Arrangements in the Post-Pandemic World

      By: Leslie A. Perlow and Salvatore J. Affinito
      Whether you are choosing your job based on geographic location, work arrangements (i.e., fully in-person, hybrid, fully virtual), or other unrelated factors (e.g., career, family, partner, hobbies), in the post-pandemic world you will likely be surrounded by people... View Details
      Keywords: Hybrid Work; Remote Work; Working Conditions; Geographic Location
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      Perlow, Leslie A., and Salvatore J. Affinito. "Work Arrangements in the Post-Pandemic World." Harvard Business School Technical Note 424-022, September 2023.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Managing Remote Work Quality: Evidence from Auditing Management Systems Standards

      By: Ashley Palmarozzo, Michael W. Toffel and Melissa Ouellet
      Remote work has become more common, providing operational flexibility and productivity benefits, but questions remain about whether and how it affects work quality. We investigate the quality effects of remote work in a context in which remote work separates workers... View Details
      Keywords: Audit; Auditing; Remote Work; Compliance; Assessment; Environment; Management Systems; Quality Management; Quality Management System; Quality; Operations; Supply Chain Management; Environmental Management; Safety
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      Palmarozzo, Ashley, Michael W. Toffel, and Melissa Ouellet. "Managing Remote Work Quality: Evidence from Auditing Management Systems Standards." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-002, July 2023. (Revised February 2025.)
      • 2023
      • Other Unpublished Work

      Unprecedented: Remote Work and the Strange Economy of 2023

      By: Randolph B. Cohen
      The low unemployment rate which suggests a strong economy and the low productivity and GDP growth that seems more consistent with less robust conditions sit uneasily together. It's a mystery! But it may be that societal changes like remote work can reconcile the... View Details
      Keywords: Economy; Economic Growth; Economic Slowdown and Stagnation; Employment; Working Conditions
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      Cohen, Randolph B. "Unprecedented: Remote Work and the Strange Economy of 2023." July 2023. (LinkedIn Articles.)
      • June 2023
      • Teaching Note

      Connecting Students in Chattanooga (A) and (B)

      By: Jan W. Rivkin
      Teaching Note for HBS Case Nos. 722-449 and 722-451. As this case opens, it is the spring of 2020 in Chattanooga. COVID-19 has hit, public schools have closed their buildings, remote learning has begun, and more than 28,000 schoolkids lack the high-quality Internet... View Details
      Keywords: K-12 Education; Pandemic; COVID-19; Accessibility; Education; Urban Development; Wealth and Poverty; Internet and the Web; Information Infrastructure; Education Industry; Tennessee
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      Rivkin, Jan W. "Connecting Students in Chattanooga (A) and (B)." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 723-458, June 2023.
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      Remote Work across Jobs, Companies, and Space

      By: Stephen Hansen, Peter John Lambert, Nick Bloom, Steven J. Davis, Raffaella Sadun and Bledi Taska
      The pandemic catalyzed an enduring shift to remote work. To measure and characterize this shift, we examine more than 250 million job vacancy postings across five English-speaking countries. Our measurements rely on a state-of-the-art language-processing framework... View Details
      Keywords: Remote Work; Hybrid Work; Work From Home (WFH); Pandemic; Labor Market; Job Search; Job Design and Levels; Trends
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      Hansen, Stephen, Peter John Lambert, Nick Bloom, Steven J. Davis, Raffaella Sadun, and Bledi Taska. "Remote Work across Jobs, Companies, and Space." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 31007, March 2023. (Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-059, March 2023.)
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      Is Hybrid Work the Best of Both Worlds? Evidence from a Field Experiment

      By: Prithwiraj Choudhury, Tarun Khanna, Christos A. Makridis and Kyle Schirmann
      Hybrid work is emerging as a novel form of organizing work globally. This paper reports causal evidence on how the extent of hybrid work—the number of days worked from home relative to days worked from the office—affects work outcomes. Collaborating with an... View Details
      Keywords: Hybrid Work; Remote Work; Work-from-home; Field Experiment; Employees; Geographic Location; Performance; Work-Life Balance
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      Choudhury, Prithwiraj, Tarun Khanna, Christos A. Makridis, and Kyle Schirmann. "Is Hybrid Work the Best of Both Worlds? Evidence from a Field Experiment." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-063, March 2022.
      • February 9, 2022
      • Article

      What's the Optimal Workplace for Your Organization?

      By: Maria P. Roche and Andy Wu
      More than two years in the COVID-19 pandemic, companies are struggling with how to reimagine their workspaces for their strategic needs. Too often, leaders push the decision down the road when, in fact, taking decisive action now can pay off later. But how do you... View Details
      Keywords: Workplace; Organization; Hybrid Organizations; Office Space; Growth; Remote Work; Strategy; Organizations; Growth and Development; Working Conditions
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      Roche, Maria P., and Andy Wu. "What's the Optimal Workplace for Your Organization?" Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (February 9, 2022).
      • December 21, 2021
      • Article

      How to Become a Better Listener

      By: Robin Abrahams and Boris Groysberg
      Listening is a skill that’s vitally important, sadly undertaught, and physically and mentally taxing. In the aftermath of COVID-19, particularly with the shift to remote work and the red-hot job market, it’s never been more important—or more difficult—for leaders to be... View Details
      Keywords: Listening; Nonverbal Communication; Communication; Competency and Skills; Performance Improvement
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      Abrahams, Robin, and Boris Groysberg. "How to Become a Better Listener." Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (December 21, 2021).
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      The International Price of Remote Work

      By: Agostina Brinatti, Alberto Cavallo, Javier Cravino and Andres Drenik
      We study how the price of remote work is determined in a globalized labor market using data from a large web-based job platform, where workers from around the world compete for remote jobs. Despite the global nature of the platform, we find that remote wages are higher... View Details
      Keywords: Remote Work; Exchange Rates; Purchasing Power Parity; Offshoring And Outsourcing; Macroeconomics; Developing Countries and Economies; Wages; Trade; Globalization; Marketplace Matching; Currency Exchange Rate; Service Industry; Web Services Industry; Technology Industry
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      Brinatti, Agostina, Alberto Cavallo, Javier Cravino, and Andres Drenik. "The International Price of Remote Work." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 29437, October 2021. (Revised November 2022.)
      • September 28, 2021
      • Article

      12 Questions About Hybrid Work, Answered

      By: Tsedal Neeley
      As we move into the next phase of the pandemic, companies are grappling with whether and how to bring their employees back into the office after working from home extensively. According to multiple surveys, most people want a mix of in-person and remote work, and some... View Details
      Keywords: COVID-19 Pandemic; Remote Work; Transition; Employees; Job Design and Levels; Organizational Structure
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      Neeley, Tsedal. "12 Questions About Hybrid Work, Answered." Harvard Business Review (website) (September 28, 2021).
      • August 12, 2021
      • Article

      The Endless Digital Workday

      By: Arjun Narayan, Rohan Narayana Murty, Rajath B. Das and Scott Duke Kominers
      The shift to remote work ended the traditional 9–5 workday: employees work in bursts, at night, between caregiving tasks, and whenever they can find time between the endless distractions of messages, calls, and emails. New research, however, shows that for many teams,... View Details
      Keywords: Remote Work; Workday; Team Overlap; Groups and Teams; Employees; Performance Productivity; Management
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      Narayan, Arjun, Rohan Narayana Murty, Rajath B. Das, and Scott Duke Kominers. "The Endless Digital Workday." Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (August 12, 2021).
      • July 2021
      • Teaching Note

      Digital Transformation 2.0: CEO Elie Girard at Atos

      By: Tsedal Neeley
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 421-024. Elie Girard has taken the helm as CEO of multinational IT giant Atos to lead the company into the next era of digital transformation. Noticing that customers’ digital needs were evolving to become even more specialized and global... View Details
      Keywords: Restructuring; Leading Change; Mergers and Acquisitions; Environmental Sustainability; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Digital Transformation; Information Technology Industry
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      Neeley, Tsedal. "Digital Transformation 2.0: CEO Elie Girard at Atos." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 422-006, July 2021.
      • June 2021
      • Case

      Akira Fukabori and Kevin Kajitani at avatarin (A)

      By: Linda A. Hill and Emily Tedards
      In 2016, Akira Fukabori and Kevin Kajitani, aeronautical engineers at All Nippon Airways Co., Ltd., began to wonder why, in a world of accelerating globalization and digital connectivity, those who lived in far-remote villages or impoverished urban areas could not... View Details
      Keywords: Agility; Ecosystem; Innovation Ecosystems; Crowdsourcing; Open Innovation; Partnership; Government; Collaboration; Co-creation; Purpose; Impact; Social Impact; Movement; Organizational Behavior; Organizational Ambidexterity; Ambidexterity; Culture; Culture Change; Global Teams; Experimentation; Space; Airline Industry; Start-up; Platform Business; Platform Strategy; Platform; Digital; Robotics; Robots; Mobility; Strategy; COVID-19; Intrapreneurship; Public-private Partnership; XPRIZE; Space Industry; Avatar; Telepresence; Innovation Lab; Innovation and Invention; Technological Innovation; Partners and Partnerships; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Alignment; Leadership; Leading Change; Diversity; Organizational Culture; Change Management; Entrepreneurship; Digital Platforms; Transportation Industry; Aerospace Industry; Japan
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      Hill, Linda A., and Emily Tedards. "Akira Fukabori and Kevin Kajitani at avatarin (A)." Harvard Business School Case 421-089, June 2021.
      • June 2021
      • Case

      Akira Fukabori and Kevin Kajitani at avatarin (A) (Abridged)

      By: Linda A. Hill and Emily Tedards
      In 2016, Akira Fukabori and Kevin Kajitani, aeronautical engineers at All Nippon Airways Co., Ltd., began to wonder why, in a world of accelerating globalization and digital connectivity, those who lived in far-remote villages or impoverished urban areas could not... View Details
      Keywords: Agility; Ecosystem; Innovation Ecosystems; Innovation; Crowdsourcing; XPRIZE; Open Innovation; Partnership; Government; Collaboration; Co-creation; Purpose; Impact; Social Impact; Movement; Organizational Behavior; Organizational Ambidexterity; Ambidexterity; Culture; Culture Change; Global Teams; Experimentation; Space; Space Industry; Airline Industry; Start-up; Platform Business; Platform Strategy; Platform; Digital; Robotics; Robots; Avatar; Telepresence; Innovation Lab; Mobility; COVID-19; Intrapreneurship; Public-private Partnership; Innovation and Invention; Technological Innovation; Partners and Partnerships; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Alignment; Leadership; Leading Change; Diversity; Organizational Culture; Change Management; Strategy; Entrepreneurship; Digital Platforms; Transportation Industry; Aerospace Industry; Japan
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      Hill, Linda A., and Emily Tedards. "Akira Fukabori and Kevin Kajitani at avatarin (A) (Abridged)." Harvard Business School Case 421-085, June 2021.
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