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- September–October 2025
- Article
How Digital Integration Is Reconfiguring Value Chains
By: Antonio Moreno
While companies have been “unbundling” their operations and outsourcing tasks for decades, advances in IT are now helping them take that strategy to a whole new level. These technologies make it possible to digitally integrate workflows across organizations, letting... View Details
- September 2025
- Article
Organizational Emplacement as a Response to Digital Threat: The Novel Resurgence of Independent Bookstores
By: Ryan Raffaelli and Ryann Noe
This study reveals how incumbent actors leverage physical place as source of differentiation in response to the threat of digital commoditization. Through a longitudinal, qualitative analysis of the U.S. independent bookselling industry from 1995 to 2019, we outline... View Details
- August 2025
- Case
Emory Healthcare on the Front Lines of the Nursing Workforce Crisis (B)
By: Susanna Gallani, Karen L. Sedatole, Sarah Mehta and Nicole Zelazko
This supplement to the Emory Healthcare (A) case details organizational developments from July 2023 through October 2024. It explores leadership transitions, expanded recruitment efforts, compensation strategy shifts, and technology investments aimed at addressing... View Details
- August 5, 2025
- Article
Data-driven Equation Discovery Reveals Nonlinear Reinforcement Learning in Humans
By: Kyle J. LaFollette, Janni Yuval, Roey Schurr, David Melnikoff and Amit Goldenberg
Computational models of reinforcement learning (RL) have significantly contributed to our understanding of human behavior and decision-making. Traditional RL models, however, often adopt a linear approach to updating reward expectations, potentially oversimplifying the... View Details
- August 2025
- Case
Meta and the Superintelligence Talent Race
By: Boris Groysberg and Sarah L. Abbott
In June 2025, Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg upped the ante in the ongoing AI talent wars. Some analysts praised Zuckerberg’s aggressive approach to building Meta's AI capabilities, while others pointed to the high costs this strategy entailed and questioned how effectively... View Details
Keywords: AI; Artificial Intelligence; Machine Learning; Talent Acquisition; Hiring; Technology; Metaverse; Competition; Compensation; Innovation; Talent Development; Competing To Win; Competitive Dynamics; AI and Machine Learning; Talent and Talent Management; Recruitment; Compensation and Benefits; Competency and Skills; Competitive Strategy; Technological Innovation; Technology Industry
- July–August 2025
- Article
Case Study: Do We Reskill or Replace Our Workforce?
By: William Kerr
To remain competitive in the internet-of-things era, should the CEO of SolidTech Innovations, a fictional elevator company, invest a lot of money in reskilling its entire staff? The industry is moving from hardware to software in the form of smart, connected elevators.... View Details
- July–August 2025
- Article
How the Busiest People Find Joy
By: Leslie A. Perlow, Sari Mentser and Salvatore J. Affinito
Joy, along with achievement and meaningfulness, is one of the three keys to a satisfying life. Yet it’s the missing piece for many ambitious individuals, the authors found after examining data on how nearly 2,000 professionals spend their days. Jam-packed schedules are... View Details
- August 1, 2025
- Article
When to Innovate and When to Imitate
By: Felipe A. Csaszar, Rebecca Karp and Maria Roche
Innovation is often the gold standard for firms looking to grow profits and become leaders in their industries. But given the steep cost of failure, is a relentless pursuit of innovation always advisable? Or might there be some instances when imitation may be a better... View Details
- July 2025
- Teaching Note
Greenwood Online: A Fin-Tech Service for Culture and Community
By: James Riley and Bernal Cortés
In 2020, Ryan Glover and Paul Judge launched Greenwood, a fintech startup designed to counter systemic racial discrimination in the American banking ecosystem by offering accessible financial services tailored to Black and Brown communities, but available to all.... View Details
- July 2025
- Case
Greenwood Online: A Fin-Tech Service for Culture and Community (A)
By: James Riley and Bernal Cortés
In 2020, Ryan Glover and Paul Judge launched Greenwood, a fintech startup designed to counter systemic racial discrimination in the American banking ecosystem by offering accessible financial services tailored to Black and Brown communities, but available to all.... View Details
- July 2025
- Case
Greenwood Online: A Fin-Tech Service for Culture and Community (B)
By: James Riley and Bernal Cortés
This B case follows Greenwood’s development after launch, including its decision to partner with a White-owned bank for backend support and its rapid growth despite that controversial choice. It traces the company’s scaling efforts, major fundraising rounds,... View Details
- July 2025 (Revised July 2025)
- Case
Elon Musk, 2025: The Master of Big Bets?
By: David B. Yoffie
This case explores Elon Musk’s influence across business and politics in 2025, as he navigates the challenges of simultaneously leading multiple companies, such as Tesla, SpaceX, and xAI, while briefly serving in the U.S. government. It examines Musk’s high-stakes bets... View Details
- July 2025
- Case
Toilets for the Underserved: The SURT Commercialization Challenge
By: Maria P. Roche, Anne Marie Knott and Alexander Oettl
In 2021, a breakthrough in sanitation technology developed under the Gates Foundation’s “Reinvent the Toilet” initiative stood ready for commercialization. The Single User Reinvented Toilet (SURT), engineered by Dr. Shannon Yee, offered an off-grid, self-contained... View Details
Keywords: Technological Innovation; Commercialization; Social Issues; Social Enterprise; Public Sector; Private Sector; Market Entry and Exit; Strategic Planning; Engineering; Infrastructure; Innovation Strategy; Utilities Industry; Consumer Products Industry; United States; South Africa; India; France
- July 2025
- Background Note
Ecosystem Disruption: A Multi-Stakeholder View of Disruptive Innovations
By: E. Ofek, Michael Haenlein, Eitan Muller and Roman Welden
The purpose of this note is to offer a more expansive view of how innovations disrupt markets than has been portrayed thus far in the extant literature by taking an ecosystem perspective. This broader outlook allows examining not only the product strategies of the... View Details
- July 2025
- Teaching Note
Hyperscaling Dreams: Ualá's Path from Startup to Fintech Champion
By: Juan Alcácer and Manuel Franck
Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 725-408. Ualá, a fintech startup founded in Argentina in 2017 by Pierpaolo Barbieri, aimed to increase financial inclusion in Latin America through a digital platform linked to a prepaid card. After rapid success in Argentina, it expanded... View Details
- July 2025
- Case
SecureID: Digital Disruptions of Smartcards in Africa
By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell, Raffaella Sadun, Pippa Tubman Amerding and Namrata Arora
This case explores the strategic inflection point faced by Kofo Akinkugbe, founder and CEO of SecureID, a smartcard manufacturing company in Nigeria. With the rise of fintech and digital payment solutions threatening the dominance of physical cards, SecureID must... View Details
- July 2025 (Revised July 2025)
- Case
Microsoft’s Performance Across Three CEOs
By: George Serafeim
This case traces Microsoft’s evolution from its founding through 2025. Students analyze how changes in operating segments both reflected and shaped Microsoft’s strategy, culture, and financial communication. The case provides rich quantitative exhibits (segment... View Details
Keywords: Financial Accounting; Financial Statement Analysis; Disclosure; Disclosure Strategy; Disclosure Tone; Organizational Transformations; Transformation; AI; Digital; Organizational Change; Accounting; Financial Statements; Strategy; Organizational Structure; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Technology Industry; Information Technology Industry; United States
- July 2025
- Case
Osteoboost: Go-To-Market Strategy in a Healthcare Startup
Osteoboost focuses on how a health care Medtech startup with a new device for treating osteopenia. The firm decides among alternative go-to-market strategies, including B2B (the firm to healthcare providers), DTC (directly to consumers), or some combination of the two... View Details
- July 2025
- Teaching Note
Designed for Purpose: “Never a Failure. Always a Lesson”
By: James Riley and Andrea Dorbu
In 2017, Rihanna launched Fenty Beauty under LVMH, disrupting the cosmetics industry with an inclusive 'Beauty for All' strategy that emphasized accessibility across skin tones. The brand’s success was followed by the launch of Savage X Fenty, a lingerie line upholding... View Details
- July 2025
- Case
Designed for Purpose: “Never a Failure. Always a Lesson”
By: James Riley and Andrea Dorbu
In 2017, Rihanna launched Fenty Beauty under LVMH, disrupting the cosmetics industry with an inclusive 'Beauty for All' strategy that emphasized accessibility across skin tones. The brand’s success was followed by the launch of Savage X Fenty, a lingerie line upholding... View Details