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      • July–August 2025
      • Article

      Case Study: Do We Reskill or Replace Our Workforce?

      By: William Kerr
      To remain competitive in the internet-of-things era, should the CEO of SolidTech Innovations, a fictional elevator company, invest a lot of money in reskilling its entire staff? The industry is moving from hardware to software in the form of smart, connected elevators.... View Details
      Keywords: Training; Competency and Skills; Employees; Change Management; Leading Change
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      Kerr, William. "Case Study: Do We Reskill or Replace Our Workforce?" Harvard Business Review 103, no. 4 (July–August 2025): 141–145.
      • June 2025
      • Case

      TagHive: Edtech Pricing and Distributor Decisions

      By: Isamar Troncoso, Frank V. Cespedes and Stacy Straaberg
      Education technology (edtech) company TagHive, founded in 2017, used a direct sales team and third-party distributors to sell its Class Saathi hardware and software solution to 300 clients, mainly primary and secondary schools in India. The product aimed to improve... View Details
      Keywords: Business Model; Marketing Channels; Marketing Strategy; Product Marketing; Social Marketing; Information Infrastructure; Information Technology; Internet and the Web; Mobile and Wireless Technology; Technology Adoption; Education; Teaching; Price; Customer Relationship Management; Customer Satisfaction; Growth and Development; Technological Innovation; Education Industry; Technology Industry; India; South Korea
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      Troncoso, Isamar, Frank V. Cespedes, and Stacy Straaberg. "TagHive: Edtech Pricing and Distributor Decisions." Harvard Business School Case 525-001, June 2025.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      How Firms Respond to Worker Activism: Evidence from Global Supply Chains

      By: Yanhua Bird, Jodi L. Short and Michael W. Toffel
      Social movement pressures can lead organizations to concede and improve social performance to avoid disruption costs, but we theorize that such responses evoke concession costs that prompt organizations to shift resources and attention from other social domains whose... View Details
      Keywords: Worker Activism; Labor Standards; Tradeoffs; Global Supply Chains; Internal Governance Structure
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      Bird, Yanhua, Jodi L. Short, and Michael W. Toffel. "How Firms Respond to Worker Activism: Evidence from Global Supply Chains." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-061, June 2025.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Pushing the Envelope: The Effects of Salary Negotiations

      By: Zoë B. Cullen, Bobak Pakzad-Hurson and Ricardo Perez-Truglia
      Salary negotiations are a widespread phenomenon that can shape key labor market outcomes, such as welfare and inequality. We provide novel empirical and theoretical insights into the causes and consequences of salary negotiations. We conducted two field experiments... View Details
      Keywords: Compensation and Benefits; Negotiation; Policy; Gender; Equality and Inequality; Welfare
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      Cullen, Zoë B., Bobak Pakzad-Hurson, and Ricardo Perez-Truglia. "Pushing the Envelope: The Effects of Salary Negotiations." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 33903, June 2025.
      • June 2025
      • Article

      Social Security and Trends in Wealth Inequality

      By: Sylvain Catherine, Max Miller and Natasha Sarin
      Recent influential work finds large increases in inequality in the U.S. based on measures of wealth concentration that notably exclude the value of social insurance programs. This paper shows that top wealth shares have not changed much over the last three decades when... View Details
      Keywords: Wealth; Equality and Inequality; Taxation; Insurance; Welfare
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      Catherine, Sylvain, Max Miller, and Natasha Sarin. "Social Security and Trends in Wealth Inequality." Journal of Finance 80, no. 3 (June 2025): 1497–1531.
      • June 2025
      • Article

      What Board-level Control Mechanisms Changed in Banks Following the 2008 Financial Crisis? A Descriptive Study

      By: Shelly Li, Shivram Rajgopal, Suraj Srinivasan and Yu Ting Forester Wong
      Following the 2008 financial crisis, the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission (FCIC) identified major shortcomings in bank board governance, contributing to systemic risk management failures. This study adapts a management control framework and empirically examines... View Details
      Keywords: Board Of Directors; Management Control; Governing and Advisory Boards; Governance Controls; Risk Management; Change Management; Banks and Banking; Financial Crisis
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      Li, Shelly, Shivram Rajgopal, Suraj Srinivasan, and Yu Ting Forester Wong. "What Board-level Control Mechanisms Changed in Banks Following the 2008 Financial Crisis? A Descriptive Study." Art. 101596. Accounting, Organizations and Society 114 (June 2025).
      • Working Paper

      Index Rebalancing and Stock Market Composition: Do Indexes Time the Market?

      By: Marco Sammon and John J. Shim
      Value-weighted indexes must rebalance in response to stock market composition changes, e.g., issuance, buybacks, and IPOs. In doing so, existing index funds implicitly engage in market timing. Index funds’ long-short rebalancing portfolios have a -3.5% annual return... View Details
      Keywords: Investment Funds; Financial Markets; Market Timing; Investment Return
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      Sammon, Marco, and John J. Shim. "Index Rebalancing and Stock Market Composition: Do Indexes Time the Market?" SSRN Working Paper Series, No. 5080459, May 2025.
      • May 2025
      • Background Note

      Social Enterprise in Latin America

      By: Brian L. Trelstad and Karina Souza
      This research note provides an overview of the social enterprise ecosystem in Latin America, exploring current dynamics across key markets, including country-specific insights on Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, Colombia, Chile, and Central America. In a region characterized... View Details
      Keywords: Latin America; Brazil; Mexico; Argentina; Colombia; Chile; Impact Investing; Developing Countries and Economies; Social Entrepreneurship; Emerging Markets; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Mission and Purpose; Ownership; Social Enterprise; Business Strategy; Equality and Inequality; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Banking Industry; Financial Services Industry; Information Technology Industry; Latin America; Brazil; Mexico; Argentina; Colombia; Chile; Guatemala; Central America
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      Trelstad, Brian L., and Karina Souza. "Social Enterprise in Latin America." Harvard Business School Background Note 325-117, May 2025.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Partisan Corporate Speech

      By: William Cassidy and Elisabeth Kempf
      We construct a novel measure of partisan corporate speech using natural language processing techniques and use it to establish three stylized facts. First, the volume of partisan corporate speech has risen sharply between 2012 and 2022. Second, this increase has... View Details
      Keywords: Natural Language Processing; Perspective; Communication; Public Opinion; Business and Shareholder Relations; Trends
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      Cassidy, William, and Elisabeth Kempf. "Partisan Corporate Speech." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 05-056, May 2025.
      • May 2025
      • Case

      'Net Zero in Action': Impact Investing at the McKnight Foundation

      By: Lauren Cohen, Christina R. Wing and Sophia Pan
      Elizabeth McGeveran, Vice President of Investments at the McKnight Foundation, reflected on how to effectively advance the organization’s net-zero strategy. The foundation had committed 10% of its endowment to building a portfolio of impact investments and was among... View Details
      Keywords: Investment Fund; Philanthropy; Charitable Donations; Sustainability; Foundation; Impact Investing; ESG; Family Business; Forecasting and Prediction; Private Sector; Renewable Energy; Social Entrepreneurship; Climate Change; Environmental Sustainability; Green Technology; Financial Strategy; Investment Funds; Investment Portfolio; Institutional Investing; Corporate Accountability; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Mission and Purpose; Private Ownership; Philanthropy and Charitable Giving; Social Issues; Sustainable Cities; Financial Services Industry; Minnesota; United States
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      Cohen, Lauren, Christina R. Wing, and Sophia Pan. "'Net Zero in Action': Impact Investing at the McKnight Foundation." Harvard Business School Case 225-095, May 2025.
      • May 2025
      • Case

      RTX's Lifetime Income Strategy: Shaping the Future of Retirement

      By: Daniel Green, Luis M. Viceira and Sarah Mehta
      Set in 2024, this case explores the Lifetime Income Strategy (LIS), a novel retirement product launched by aerospace and defense company RTX in 2012. Aiming to embed the security of a traditional pension within a 401(k) plan, the LIS allowed participants to secure a... View Details
      Keywords: Asset Management; Compensation and Benefits; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Jobs and Positions; Labor; Retirement; Society; Adoption; Aerospace Industry; Financial Services Industry; Insurance Industry; United States; Virginia
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      Green, Daniel, Luis M. Viceira, and Sarah Mehta. "RTX's Lifetime Income Strategy: Shaping the Future of Retirement." Harvard Business School Case 225-016, May 2025.
      • May 2025
      • Teaching Note

      Bridj and the Business of Urban Mobility (B): A New Model in Kansas City

      By: Rosabeth Moss Kanter and Jonathan Cohen
      This Teaching Note helps instructors teach students the HBS Case, Bridj and the Business of Urban Mobility (B): A New Model in Kansas City. In late 2016, Bridj was expanding its digital platform to help address urban mobility problems faced by cities across the country... View Details
      Keywords: App Development; Innovation; Stakeholder Engagement; Collaboration; Ride-sharing; Entrenchment; Digital; Transportation; Urban Development; Disruption; Business Startups; Digital Platforms; Growth and Development Strategy; Business and Stakeholder Relations; Partners and Partnerships; Expansion
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      Kanter, Rosabeth Moss, and Jonathan Cohen. "Bridj and the Business of Urban Mobility (B): A New Model in Kansas City." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 325-125, May 2025.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Corporate Actions as Moral Issues

      By: Zwetelina Iliewa, Elisabeth Kempf and Oliver Spalt
      We examine nonpecuniary preferences across a broad set of corporate actions using a representative sample of the U.S. population. Our core findings, based on large-scale online surveys, are that (i) self-reported nonpecuniary concerns are large both for stock market... View Details
      Keywords: Public Opinion; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Moral Sensibility
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      Iliewa, Zwetelina, Elisabeth Kempf, and Oliver Spalt. "Corporate Actions as Moral Issues." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 33749, May 2025.
      • April 2025
      • Case

      Campbell's Recipe for Advancing School Nutrition

      By: Hise O. Gibson, F. Christopher Eaglin and Ai-Ling Jamila Malone
      In 2021, The Campbell’s Company launched Full Futures, a collective impact initiative aimed at advancing school nutrition environments in underserved communities. The program started in Camden, NJ—home to Campbell’s headquarters—and later expanded to Charlotte, NC, and... View Details
      Keywords: Strategy; Leadership; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Education; Health; Nutrition; Social Enterprise; Relationships; Business and Community Relations; Decision Making; Operations; Food and Beverage Industry; New Jersey; North Carolina; Pennsylvania
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      Gibson, Hise O., F. Christopher Eaglin, and Ai-Ling Jamila Malone. "Campbell's Recipe for Advancing School Nutrition." Harvard Business School Case 625-117, April 2025.
      • 2025
      • Chapter

      Institutional Entrepreneurship and Climate Change

      By: Ann-Kristin Bergquist and Geoffrey Jones
      This chapter explores when and why private regulatory governance systems became the primary form of global environmental governance. The chapter explores two different historical paths in such private regulation and how they came about. The first path involved... View Details
      Keywords: Institutional Entrepreneurship; Environment; Climate Change; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Environmental Regulation; Standards; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact
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      Bergquist, Ann-Kristin, and Geoffrey Jones. "Institutional Entrepreneurship and Climate Change." Chap. 1 in Climate Change and Business: Historical Perspectives, edited by Teresa da Silva Lopes, Paul Duguid, and Robert Fredona, 8–29. London, United Kingdom: Routledge, 2025.
      • April 2025 (Revised May 2025)
      • Case

      Adobe: GenAI Opportunity or Threat?

      By: Sunil Gupta, Rajiv Lal and Allison Ciechanover
      In December 2022, Adobe CEO Shantanu Narayen faced a pivotal strategic decision due to the rapid rise of generative AI image models from OpenAI, Midjourney, and StabilityAI. Adobe, a leader in digital media and marketing software with a 40-year legacy of innovation and... View Details
      Keywords: Customer Relationship Management; Ethics; AI and Machine Learning; Trust; Business Strategy; Technology Industry; San Jose
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      Gupta, Sunil, Rajiv Lal, and Allison Ciechanover. "Adobe: GenAI Opportunity or Threat?" Harvard Business School Case 525-052, April 2025. (Revised May 2025.)
      • April 2025
      • Case

      Techint: Strategic Choices for Community Impact

      By: Lauren Cohen, Virak Prum, Kenneth Charman, Pedro Levindo and Mariana Cal
      In early 2024 Erika Bienek, Chief Community Relations Officer at Techint, had to decide whether to invest in a new company-owned and operated technical school in Veracruz, Mexico, or invest instead in strengthening the city’s public education system. Techint, a global... View Details
      Keywords: Technical Institutes; Community Relations; Social Impact; Argentina; Mexico; Brazil; Conglomerate; Stakeholder Management; Government And Business; Community Impact; Philanthropy; Business Conglomerates; Business Subsidiaries; Business Headquarters; Family Business; Decision Making; Private Sector; Public Sector; Education; Curriculum and Courses; Middle School Education; Secondary Education; Teaching; Training; Learning; Energy; Engineering; Construction; Values and Beliefs; Geography; Global Range; Local Range; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Globalized Firms and Management; Government Legislation; Recruitment; Innovation and Invention; Disruptive Innovation; Knowledge; Resource Allocation; Industry Clusters; Infrastructure; Family Ownership; Philanthropy and Charitable Giving; Business and Community Relations; Business and Stakeholder Relations; Business and Government Relations; Creativity; Reputation; Social and Collaborative Networks; Civil Society or Community; Social Issues; Poverty; Strategy; Construction Industry; Education Industry; Energy Industry; Industrial Products Industry; Manufacturing Industry; Steel Industry; Europe; Italy; Latin America; North and Central America; Mexico; North America; United States; South America; Argentina; Buenos Aires; Brazil
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      Cohen, Lauren, Virak Prum, Kenneth Charman, Pedro Levindo, and Mariana Cal. "Techint: Strategic Choices for Community Impact." Harvard Business School Case 825-058, April 2025.
      • April 2025 (Revised June 2025)
      • Case

      Governing Sustainability in a Shifting Context (A)

      By: Lynn S. Paine and Will Hurwitz
      In early 2025, boards of directors had to rethink corporate responsibility and sustainability efforts amid rapidly-shifting social, legal, regulatory, and economic forces. While just a few years earlier, calls to address racial justice and climate change reached into... View Details
      Keywords: Climate Change; Corporate Governance; Diversity; Leadership; Business or Company Management; Mission and Purpose; Social Media; Race; Environmental Sustainability; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Governing and Advisory Boards; Lawfulness; Lawsuits and Litigation; Measurement and Metrics; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Business and Shareholder Relations; Social Issues; Retail Industry; Food and Beverage Industry; Banking Industry; United States
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      Paine, Lynn S., and Will Hurwitz. "Governing Sustainability in a Shifting Context (A)." Harvard Business School Case 325-121, April 2025. (Revised June 2025.)
      • April 2025
      • Case

      Giving Up on a Passion: Elizabeth Rowe at the Boston Symphony Orchestra

      By: Jon M. Jachimowicz, Maisie Wiltshire-Gordon and Alexis Lefort
      For 20 years, Elizabeth Rowe was a world-renowned principal flutist with the Boston Symphony Orchestra. But in 2024, Rowe decided to leave her position to pursue a new full-time career as a leadership coach. At 50, Rowe was well under the typical retirement age, and,... View Details
      Keywords: Arts; Small Business; Social Media; Cost vs Benefits; Decision Choices and Conditions; Decisions; Learning; Music Entertainment; Values and Beliefs; Creativity; Happiness; Identity; Interests; Satisfaction; Motivation and Incentives; Prejudice and Bias; Reputation; Culture; Resignation and Termination; Personal Development and Career; Consulting Industry; Fine Arts Industry; Music Industry; United States
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      Jachimowicz, Jon M., Maisie Wiltshire-Gordon, and Alexis Lefort. "Giving Up on a Passion: Elizabeth Rowe at the Boston Symphony Orchestra." Harvard Business School Case 425-037, April 2025.
      • April 8, 2025
      • Article

      Creating Workplaces Free of Forever Chemicals

      By: Joseph G. Allen, Heather A. Henrikson and Michael W. Toffel
      Forever chemicals are toxic and widely used in buildings and yet they remain on the rise globally with little regulation to control them. In the United States, for example, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulations currently cover only forever chemicals in... View Details
      Keywords: Occupational Health; Safety Regulations; Regulation; Working Conditions; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Safety; Health
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      Allen, Joseph G., Heather A. Henrikson, and Michael W. Toffel. "Creating Workplaces Free of Forever Chemicals." Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (April 8, 2025).
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