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      • Faculty Publications  (34)

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      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      An Empirical Examination of Business Climate Alliances: Effective and/or Harmful?

      By: Matteo Gasparini and Peter Tufano
      This research studies business alliances that seek to address climate change, offering empirical evidence to address claims advanced by alliance supporters and critics. We study eleven major alliances mostly focused on financial services firms and 424 major... View Details
      Keywords: Antitrust; Climate Change; Financial Institutions; Competition; Network Effects; Alliances
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      Gasparini, Matteo, and Peter Tufano. "An Empirical Examination of Business Climate Alliances: Effective and/or Harmful?" Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-060, May 2025.
      • January 2024 (Revised May 2024)
      • Case

      Pioneer Natural Resources: Enhancing the Capital Return Strategy with Variable Dividends

      By: Benjamin C. Esty, Elisabeth Kempf and E. Scott Mayfield
      In February 2021, Scott Sheffield, the CEO of Pioneer Natural Resources (an independent oil and gas company based in Texas), was considering the possibility of enhancing the firm’s capital return strategy by introducing a variable dividend tied to cash flows in... View Details
      Keywords: Corporate Finance; Cash Flow; Financial Management; Financial Strategy; Value Creation; Decision Choices and Conditions; Investment Return; Profit; Policy; Business and Shareholder Relations; Energy Industry; United States; North America; Texas
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      Esty, Benjamin C., Elisabeth Kempf, and E. Scott Mayfield. "Pioneer Natural Resources: Enhancing the Capital Return Strategy with Variable Dividends." Harvard Business School Case 224-001, January 2024. (Revised May 2024.)
      • October 2021 (Revised May 2023)
      • Case

      Engine No. 1: An Impact Investing Firm Engages with ExxonMobil

      By: Mark Kramer, Shawn Cole, Vikram S. Gandhi and T. Robert Zochowski
      ExxonMobil, the world's fifth largest source of carbon emissions, remained committed to aggressively expanding its oil & gas business despite global warming. During the COVID pandemic this strategy resulted in massive losses as the price and demand for oil declined. ... View Details
      Keywords: Carbon Emissions; Global Warming; Impact Investment Funds; Hedge Fund Activism; Leadership Development; Business Model; Renewable Energy; Resource Allocation; Decision Choices and Conditions; Governing and Advisory Boards
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      Kramer, Mark, Shawn Cole, Vikram S. Gandhi, and T. Robert Zochowski. "Engine No. 1: An Impact Investing Firm Engages with ExxonMobil." Harvard Business School Case 222-028, October 2021. (Revised May 2023.)
      • April 2021 (Revised August 2024)
      • Case

      The Turnaround at Ford Motor Company

      By: Amy C. Edmondson and Olivia Jung
      This case describes the corporate turnaround of the Ford Motor Company under the charismatic leadership of Alan Mulally. Ford was in deep trouble in the early 2000s as its prices and debt ratings plummeted and employee morale suffered. In 2006, the company anticipated... View Details
      Keywords: Turnaround; Transformation; Restructuring; Organizational Culture; Leading Change; Performance Improvement; Auto Industry; North America
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      Edmondson, Amy C., and Olivia Jung. "The Turnaround at Ford Motor Company." Harvard Business School Case 621-101, April 2021. (Revised August 2024.)
      • March 2020
      • Article

      Voluntary, Self-Regulatory, and Mandatory Disclosure of Oil and Gas Company Payments to Foreign Governments

      By: Paul M. Healy and George Serafeim
      Concerns about high rates of government corruption in resource-rich countries have led transparency advocates to urge oil and gas firms to disclose payments to host governments for natural resources. Transparency, they argue, can increase government accountability and... View Details
      Keywords: Oil & Gas; Corruption; Transparency; Self-regulation; Industry Self-regulation; Regulation; Disclosure; Disclosure Regulation; Energy Sources; Crime and Corruption; Corporate Disclosure; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Energy Industry
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      Healy, Paul M., and George Serafeim. "Voluntary, Self-Regulatory, and Mandatory Disclosure of Oil and Gas Company Payments to Foreign Governments." Accounting Horizons 34, no. 1 (March 2020): 111–129.
      • November 2019
      • Supplement

      Hapag-Lloyd AG: Complying with IMO 2020

      By: Benjamin C. Esty, Mette Fuglsang Hjortshoej and Emer Moloney
      A new environmental regulation known as IMO 2020 was creating what one industry analyst called “the biggest shakeup for the oil and shipping industries in decades.” According to the new regulation, all ocean-going ships would have to limit their sulfur emissions by... View Details
      Keywords: Valuation; Ship Transportation; Strategic Planning; Game Theory; Pollutants; Supply Chain; Corporate Accountability; Capital Budgeting; Environmental Sustainability; Shipping Industry; Transportation Industry; Germany
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      Esty, Benjamin C., Mette Fuglsang Hjortshoej, and Emer Moloney. "Hapag-Lloyd AG: Complying with IMO 2020." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 220-713, November 2019.
      • November 2019
      • Case

      Hapag-Lloyd AG: Complying with IMO 2020

      By: Benjamin C. Esty, Mette Fuglsang Hjortshoej and Emer Moloney
      A new environmental regulation known as IMO 2020 was creating what one industry analyst called “the biggest shakeup for the oil and shipping industries in decades.” According to the new regulation, all ocean-going ships would have to limit their sulfur emissions by... View Details
      Keywords: Valuation; Ship Transportation; Strategic Planning; Game Theory; Pollutants; Supply Chain; Corporate Accountability; Capital Budgeting; Environmental Sustainability; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Governance Compliance; Shipping Industry; Transportation Industry; Germany
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      Esty, Benjamin C., Mette Fuglsang Hjortshoej, and Emer Moloney. "Hapag-Lloyd AG: Complying with IMO 2020." Harvard Business School Case 220-003, November 2019.
      • June 2019
      • Case

      The Shale Revolution: America's Energy Independence?

      By: Richard H.K. Vietor and Howaida Kamel
      The shale revolution has upended oil and gas markets for nearly a decade and has positioned the U.S. to become a net energy exporter by 2020. Technological improvements pushed productivity forward which has had positive overall positive affects for the U.S. economy.... View Details
      Keywords: Shale Oil; Shale Gas; LNG; Energy Policy; Drilling Technology; Energy; Trade; Economics; Macroeconomics; Policy; Energy Industry; Manufacturing Industry; United States; Middle East
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      Vietor, Richard H.K., and Howaida Kamel. "The Shale Revolution: America's Energy Independence?" Harvard Business School Case 719-076, June 2019.
      • April 2017 (Revised August 2018)
      • Case

      The U.S. Shale Revolution: Global Rebalancing?

      By: Laura Alfaro and Richard H.K. Vietor
      The American shale revolution has upended oil and gas markets for nearly a decade. Prices have risen then plunged, production has surged and then waned, LNG has boomed, and technology and productivity have improved. The U.S. energy policy, under the Obama... View Details
      Keywords: Shale Oil; Shale Gas; LNG; Energy Policy; Drilling Technology; Energy; Trade; Economics; Macroeconomics; Policy; Energy Industry; Manufacturing Industry; United States; Middle East
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      Alfaro, Laura, and Richard H.K. Vietor. "The U.S. Shale Revolution: Global Rebalancing?" Harvard Business School Case 717-056, April 2017. (Revised August 2018.)
      • February 2017 (Revised June 2017)
      • Case

      ExxonMobil: Business as Usual? (A)

      By: George Serafeim, Shiva Rajgopal and David Freiberg
      Climate change was becoming an important societal and business issue as more governments were introducing climate change related regulations and investors became increasibly worried about stranded assets within oil and gas firms. In September 2016, the U.S. Securities... View Details
      Keywords: Oil & Gas; Oil Prices; Oil Companies; Asset Impairment; Predictive Analytics; Sustainability; Environmental Impact; Innovation; Disclosure; Accounting; Valuation; Climate Change; Renewable Energy; Environmental Sustainability; Financial Reporting; Energy Industry
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      Serafeim, George, Shiva Rajgopal, and David Freiberg. "ExxonMobil: Business as Usual? (A)." Harvard Business School Case 117-046, February 2017. (Revised June 2017.)
      • February 2017 (Revised June 2017)
      • Supplement

      ExxonMobil: Business as Usual? (B)

      By: George Serafeim, Shiva Rajgopal and David Freiberg
      The case presents ExxonMobil's response to growing pressure to disclose how climate change will impact their business. This includes multiple asset impairments and losing a proxy vote to shareholders to increase climate change related reporting. Supplements the (B)... View Details
      Keywords: Oil & Gas; Oil Prices; Oil Companies; Asset Impairment; Predictive Analytics; Sustainability; Environmental Impact; Innovation; Disclosure; Accounting; Valuation; Energy Sources; Ethics; Corporate Disclosure; Governance Compliance; Climate Change; Financial Reporting; Energy Industry; United States
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      Serafeim, George, Shiva Rajgopal, and David Freiberg. "ExxonMobil: Business as Usual? (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 117-047, February 2017. (Revised June 2017.)
      • February 2016 (Revised March 2019)
      • Case

      Suncor and the Future of Oil Sands

      By: Richard H.K. Vietor
      Suncor, Canada's largest producer of "oil sands," faces a host of issues involving prices, costs, and the environment. The Government of Canada recently put an explicit limit on carbon emissions from oil sands and a price on carbon. Suncor, which produces more than... View Details
      Keywords: Oil Sands; Energy; Price; Operations; Cost; Energy Industry; Canada
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      Vietor, Richard H.K. "Suncor and the Future of Oil Sands." Harvard Business School Case 716-065, February 2016. (Revised March 2019.)
      • September 2015
      • Case

      Eco7: Launching a New Motor Oil

      By: John Quelch and Sunru Yong
      Aaron Jonnerson, vice president of marketing at the automotive division of Avellin, must make marketing mix decisions for the launch of Eco7, a new environmentally-friendly motor oil. The company's performance has been mediocre, shareholder pressure is increasing, and... View Details
      Keywords: Distribution Channels; Environmental Sustainability; Product Launch; Transportation; Energy Sources; Auto Industry
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      Quelch, John, and Sunru Yong. "Eco7: Launching a New Motor Oil." Harvard Business School Brief Case 916-507, September 2015.
      • Article

      Ignore June 30: Time is on the Side of a Better Iran Deal

      By: James K. Sebenius
      Prior to the "interim deal" reached in November 2013, Iranian nuclear negotiators could—and did—play for time while the regime rapidly added more centrifuges and increased production of enriched uranium. That is no longer the case. For the first time in years, the... View Details
      Keywords: International Relations; Negotiation Tactics; Negotiation Deal; Iran; United States; Iran; United States
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      Sebenius, James K. "Ignore June 30: Time is on the Side of a Better Iran Deal." Iran Matters (June 28, 2015).
      • May 2014
      • Case

      Sasol: U.S. Growth Program

      By: Richard H. K. Vietor
      Sasol, the world's largest producer of synthetic oil from coal and gas, has announced plans to build a huge Catalytic cracker and gas-to-liquids plant in Lake Charles, Louisiana. This $21 billion venture will be the single largest foreign direct investment in US... View Details
      Keywords: Oil & Gas; Risk; Risk And Uncertainty; Petroleum; Synthesis; Diesel; Foreign Direct Investment; Chemicals; Strategy; Energy Industry; United States
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      Vietor, Richard H. K. "Sasol: U.S. Growth Program." Harvard Business School Case 714-034, May 2014.
      • May 2013 (Revised September 2013)
      • Case

      The Kashagan Production Sharing Agreement (PSA)

      By: Benjamin C. Esty and Florian Bitsch

      When discovered in the 1990s, the Kashagan oil field was the second largest oil field in the world. The project sponsors (equity investors) signed a 40-year production sharing agreement (PSA) with the Kazakh government in 1997, with the expectation the field would... View Details

      Keywords: Contracts; Oil & Gas; Project Finance; Kazakhstan; Asia; ENI; Risk Management; Economic Development; Project Management; Expropriation; Product Sharing Agreement; Negotiation; Agreements and Arrangements; Development Economics; Energy Sources; Capital Budgeting; International Finance; Valuation; Joint Ventures; Energy Industry; Asia; Kazakhstan; Italy
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      Esty, Benjamin C., and Florian Bitsch. "The Kashagan Production Sharing Agreement (PSA)." Harvard Business School Case 213-082, May 2013. (Revised September 2013.)
      • January 2013 (Revised April 2017)
      • Supplement

      Maxum Petroleum, Inc.

      By: W. Carl Kester
      Maxum seeks an oil-price hedging strategy that yields substantial cash during oil price spikes, is affordable under ordinary circumstances, and is easily managed. It is striving to avoid a repeat of the challenging situation encountered in 2008 when spiking oil prices... View Details
      Keywords: Hedging; Options; Commodities; Credit Derivatives and Swaps; Risk Management; Futures and Commodity Futures; Financial Strategy; Volatility
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      Kester, W. Carl. "Maxum Petroleum, Inc." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 213-714, January 2013. (Revised April 2017.)
      • October 2012
      • Case

      Romney vs. Obama and U.S. Energy Policy

      By: Rawi Abdelal and Kaitlyn Tuthill
      In 2012, the energy sector in the United States was demanding major reform. Prices of oil and gas had continued to cripple the middle and lower class as the U.S. economy slowly recovered. At the same time, the U.S. lagged behind developed economies in production of... View Details
      Keywords: Mitt Romney; Barack Obama; Energy; Election Outcomes; Climate Change; Renewable Energy; Political Elections; Policy; Business and Government Relations; Public Administration Industry; United States
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      Abdelal, Rawi, and Kaitlyn Tuthill. "Romney vs. Obama and U.S. Energy Policy." Harvard Business School Case 713-050, October 2012.
      • October 2012 (Revised February 2014)
      • Case

      Keystone XL Pipeline

      By: Richard H. K. Vietor
      On January 18, 2012, President Obama rejected TransCanada's application for a "national interest" determination to approve construction of the Keystone XL Pipeline. Keystone XL was a 1,700 mile long, 36-inch diameter pipeline to transport 1.1 million barrels a day of... View Details
      Keywords: Energy; Petroleum; Environmentalism; United States; Oil Prices; National Security; Environmental Sustainability; Energy Sources; Energy Industry; Canada; United States
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      Vietor, Richard H. K. "Keystone XL Pipeline." Harvard Business School Case 713-039, October 2012. (Revised February 2014.)
      • 2012
      • Working Paper

      'Power from Sunshine': A Business History of Solar Energy

      By: Geoffrey Jones and Loubna Bouamane
      This working paper provides a longitudinal perspective on the business history of solar energy between the nineteenth century and the present day. It covers early attempts to develop solar energy, the use of passive solar in architecture before World War 2, and the... View Details
      Keywords: Renewable Energy; Business History; Policy; Entrepreneurship; Innovation and Invention; Business Model; Energy Industry
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      Jones, Geoffrey, and Loubna Bouamane. "'Power from Sunshine': A Business History of Solar Energy." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 12-105, May 2012.
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