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      • July 2025
      • Teaching Note

      Greenwood Online: A Fin-Tech Service for Culture and Community

      By: James Riley and Bernal Cortés
      In 2020, Ryan Glover and Paul Judge launched Greenwood, a fintech startup designed to counter systemic racial discrimination in the American banking ecosystem by offering accessible financial services tailored to Black and Brown communities, but available to all.... View Details
      Keywords: Purpose; Identity; Cultural Branding; Impression Management; Organization Behavior; Strategic Alignment; Start-up; Mission and Purpose; Decision Making; Decisions; Marketing Strategy; Organizational Structure; Banking Industry; United States
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      Riley, James, and Bernal Cortés. "Greenwood Online: A Fin-Tech Service for Culture and Community." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 426-019, July 2025.
      • July 2025
      • Case

      Greenwood Online: A Fin-Tech Service for Culture and Community (A)

      By: James Riley and Bernal Cortés
      In 2020, Ryan Glover and Paul Judge launched Greenwood, a fintech startup designed to counter systemic racial discrimination in the American banking ecosystem by offering accessible financial services tailored to Black and Brown communities, but available to all.... View Details
      Keywords: Purpose; Identity; Cultural Branding; Impression Management; Organization Behavior; Strategic Alignment; Start-up; Mission and Purpose; Decisions; Marketing Strategy; Organizational Structure; Banking Industry; United States
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      Riley, James, and Bernal Cortés. "Greenwood Online: A Fin-Tech Service for Culture and Community (A)." Harvard Business School Case 426-017, July 2025.
      • July 2025
      • Case

      Greenwood Online: A Fin-Tech Service for Culture and Community (B)

      By: James Riley and Bernal Cortés
      This B case follows Greenwood’s development after launch, including its decision to partner with a White-owned bank for backend support and its rapid growth despite that controversial choice. It traces the company’s scaling efforts, major fundraising rounds,... View Details
      Keywords: Purpose; Identity; Cultural Branding; Impression Management; Organization Behavior; Strategic Alignment; Start-up; Mission and Purpose; Decisions; Marketing Strategy; Organizational Structure; Banking Industry; United States
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      Riley, James, and Bernal Cortés. "Greenwood Online: A Fin-Tech Service for Culture and Community (B)." Harvard Business School Case 426-018, July 2025.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Designing Consent: Choice Architecture and Consumer Welfare in Data Sharing

      By: Chiara Farronato, Audrey Fradkin and Tesary Lin
      We study the welfare consequences of choice architecture for online privacy using a field experiment that randomizes cookie consent banners. We study three ways in which firms or policymakers can influence choices: (1) nudging users through banner design to encourage... View Details
      Keywords: Consumer Behavior; Decision Choices and Conditions; Welfare; Policy
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      Farronato, Chiara, Audrey Fradkin, and Tesary Lin. "Designing Consent: Choice Architecture and Consumer Welfare in Data Sharing." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 34025, July 2025.
      • June 2025
      • Case

      VC Exits in Africa: Knife Capital and Quicket

      By: Paul A. Gompers, Emanuele Colonnelli, Maagatha Kalavadakken and Namrata Arora
      Keet van Zyl and Eben van Heerden, co-founders of Knife Capital, face a critical decision point with their investment in Quicket, a prominent South African ticketing company. As the global ticketing industry recovers, they are exploring strategic exit options to... View Details
      Keywords: Financial Services Industry
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      Gompers, Paul A., Emanuele Colonnelli, Maagatha Kalavadakken, and Namrata Arora. "VC Exits in Africa: Knife Capital and Quicket." Harvard Business School Case 825-191, June 2025.
      • June 2025
      • Case

      TfL Pension Fund and the 2022 Gilt Market Crisis

      By: Emil N. Siriwardane, Vincent Dessain, Emer Moloney and Carlota Moniz
      On September 27, 2022, Padmesh Shukla, CIO of the Transport for London (TfL) Pension Fund, was keeping a careful eye on the turmoil in the U.K. sovereign bond (or gilt) market. When the new government announced the largest tax cuts the U.K. had seen in half a century,... View Details
      Keywords: Financial Crisis; Macroeconomics; Assets; Asset Management; Borrowing and Debt; Corporate Finance; Capital Markets; Equity; Financial Liquidity; Financial Instruments; Financial Strategy; Interest Rates; Governing and Advisory Boards; Crisis Management; Resource Allocation; Investment; Financial Services Industry; United Kingdom; England; London; Europe
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      Siriwardane, Emil N., Vincent Dessain, Emer Moloney, and Carlota Moniz. "TfL Pension Fund and the 2022 Gilt Market Crisis." Harvard Business School Case 225-098, June 2025.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Management and Firm Dynamism

      By: Nicholas Bloom, Jonathan S. Hartley, Raffaella Sadun, Rachel Schuh and John Van Reenen
      We show better-managed firms are more dynamic in plant acquisitions, disposals, openings and closings in U.S. Census and international data. Better-managed firms also birth better-managed plants, and improve the performance of the plants they acquire. To explain these... View Details
      Keywords: Management Practices; Productivity; Management Practices and Processes; Mergers and Acquisitions; Competition; Business or Company Management; Performance Productivity
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      Bloom, Nicholas, Jonathan S. Hartley, Raffaella Sadun, Rachel Schuh, and John Van Reenen. "Management and Firm Dynamism." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-052, April 2025.
      • April 2025
      • Case

      Japan Industrial Partners Powers the Leveraged Buyout of Toshiba

      By: Brian K. Baik, Joseph Pacelli and James Barnett
      The case explores Japan Industrial Partners (JIP) $14 billion takeover of Toshiba Corporation (Toshiba). JIP was a private equity firm that took over the troubled electronics corporation in late 2023. The deal, which had been labeled one of the largest leveraged... View Details
      Keywords: International Accounting; Borrowing and Debt; Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques; Ownership; Risk and Uncertainty; Strategy; Valuation; Leveraged Buyouts; Restructuring; Capital Structure; Cost of Capital; Private Equity; Bids and Bidding; Accounting Industry; Electronics Industry; Energy Industry; Manufacturing Industry; Semiconductor Industry; Asia; Japan
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      Baik, Brian K., Joseph Pacelli, and James Barnett. "Japan Industrial Partners Powers the Leveraged Buyout of Toshiba." Harvard Business School Case 125-055, April 2025.
      • April 2025
      • Article

      The Fed and the Secular Decline in Interest Rates

      By: Sebastian Hillenbrand
      In this paper I document a striking fact: a narrow window around Fed meetings fully captures the secular decline in U.S. Treasury yields since 1980. By contrast, yield movements outside this window are transitory and wash out over time. This is surprising because the... View Details
      Keywords: United States Treasury; Monetary Policy; Yield Curve; Bonds; Financial Markets; Government Administration; Valuation; Interest Rates; United States
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      Hillenbrand, Sebastian. "The Fed and the Secular Decline in Interest Rates." Review of Financial Studies 38, no. 4 (April 2025): 981–1013. (Editor's Choice selection and Winner of the WFA Brattle Group Ph.D. Award for Outstanding Research.)
      • March 2025 (Revised May 2025)
      • Case

      ING Türkiye: Flexible Work in a Competitive Banking Environment

      By: Ashley Whillans and Nico Schaefer
      This case explores ING Türkiye’s journey toward workplace flexibility within the traditionally conservative Turkish banking sector. Beginning with early remote work experiments in 2015 and culminating in the FlexING model, by 2024 ING Türkiye had positioned itself as a... View Details
      Keywords: Talent and Talent Management; Employee Relationship Management; Working Conditions; Business or Company Management; Adaptation; Competition; Organizational Culture; Banking Industry; Turkey
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      Whillans, Ashley, and Nico Schaefer. "ING Türkiye: Flexible Work in a Competitive Banking Environment." Harvard Business School Case 925-027, March 2025. (Revised May 2025.)
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Technology Choice, Spillovers, and the Concentration of R&D

      By: Todd A. Lensman
      The direction of innovation shapes both current technologies and future innovation opportunities, as firms acquire expertise and create public knowledge through discovery. But how do firms choose which technologies to develop? Do they ever fail to exploit... View Details
      Keywords: Economic Growth; Innovation Strategy; Research and Development
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      Lensman, Todd A. "Technology Choice, Spillovers, and the Concentration of R&D." Working Paper, January 2025.
      • January 2025 (Revised April 2025)
      • Case

      Doing Business in Cairo: Navigating a Path to Economic Resilience

      By: A. Zelleke and Ahmed Dahawy
      Egypt has long been a pivotal force in the Middle East and North Africa. Located at a crossroads of global trade routes, the country was a strategic partner for numerous regional and global powers. However, a substantial currency devaluation in 2016 brought many... View Details
      Keywords: Business; Developing Countries and Economies; Economic Slowdown and Stagnation; Inflation and Deflation; Macroeconomics; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Globalized Economies and Regions; International Relations; Emerging Markets; Risk and Uncertainty; Culture; Economy; Country; Currency; Investment; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Egypt
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      Zelleke, A., and Ahmed Dahawy. "Doing Business in Cairo: Navigating a Path to Economic Resilience." Harvard Business School Case 325-090, January 2025. (Revised April 2025.)
      • January 2025
      • Case

      Untapped Global: Financing Africa's Missing Middle

      By: Raymond Kluender and Emanuele Colonnelli
      In November 2024, Jim Chu, founder and CEO of Untapped Global, faced mounting internal tensions over the company’s strategic direction. Untapped had developed a data-driven revenue-based financing (RBF) model to address the “missing middle” problem—the $5.2 trillion... View Details
      Keywords: Social Entrepreneurship; Venture Capital; Working Capital; Private Equity; Financial Strategy; Microfinance; International Finance; Currency Exchange Rate; Profit Sharing; Revenue; Developing Countries and Economies; Economic Growth; Emerging Markets; Mission and Purpose; Small Business; Entrepreneurial Finance; Banking Industry; Financial Services Industry; Information Technology Industry; Technology Industry; Africa; Nigeria; South Africa; Kenya; Uganda; California; San Francisco
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      Kluender, Raymond, and Emanuele Colonnelli. "Untapped Global: Financing Africa's Missing Middle." Harvard Business School Case 825-056, January 2025.
      • January 2025 (Revised March 2025)
      • Case

      Creating Value by Splitting Aster: Can One Minus One Equal Two?

      By: V.G. Narayanan and Kairavi Dey
      Aster DM Healthcare (Aster), founded by Dr. Azad Moopen in 1987, is a prominent healthcare conglomerate with operations spanning hospitals, clinics, retail pharmacies, and diagnostic centers across India and the GCC. After its 2018 listing on India’s National Stock... View Details
      Keywords: Corporate Governance; Corporate Accountability; Leadership; Change Management; Mergers and Acquisitions; Restructuring; Negotiation; Valuation; Health Industry; Asia; India; Middle East; United Arab Emirates
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      Narayanan, V.G., and Kairavi Dey. "Creating Value by Splitting Aster: Can One Minus One Equal Two?" Harvard Business School Case 125-069, January 2025. (Revised March 2025.)
      • January 2025
      • Case

      Index and Active Investing: Vanguard and the New Frontier of Active ETFs

      By: Marco Sammon, Luis M. Viceira and Jonathan Kanagasabai
      This case explores Vanguard’s strategic decision-making process as it considers entering the growing market for actively managed exchange-traded funds (ETFs). Set in 2024, the case places students in the position of Rodney Comegys, Vanguard’s global head of the Equity... View Details
      Keywords: Asset Management; Financial Strategy; Investment Funds; Investment Portfolio; Financial Services Industry
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      Sammon, Marco, Luis M. Viceira, and Jonathan Kanagasabai. "Index and Active Investing: Vanguard and the New Frontier of Active ETFs." Harvard Business School Case 225-056, January 2025.
      • January 2025
      • Case

      Real Madrid Club de Fútbol

      By: Anita Elberse, Juan Pasquín and Íñigo Pasquín
      On June 1, 2024, Spanish soccer club Real Madrid captures its fifteenth Champions League title—more than double the tally of the nearest competitor. Under Florentino Pérez’s leadership, the club has now won six of the last eleven UEFA Champions League titles, and has... View Details
      Keywords: Soccer; Football; Entertainment; Media; Talent Management; Superstars; General Management; Sports; Marketing; Recruitment; Competitive Strategy; Growth and Development Strategy; Sports Industry; Entertainment and Recreation Industry; Media and Broadcasting Industry
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      Elberse, Anita, Juan Pasquín, and Íñigo Pasquín. "Real Madrid Club de Fútbol." Harvard Business School Case 525-026, January 2025.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Combining Complements: Theory and Evidence from Cancer Treatment Innovation

      By: Rebekah Dix and Todd A. Lensman
      Innovations often combine several components to achieve outcomes greater than the “sum of the parts.” We argue that such combination innovations can introduce an understudied inefficiency—a positive market expansion externality that benefits the owners of the... View Details
      Keywords: Innovation Strategy; Outcome or Result; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Health Testing and Trials; Health Industry
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      Dix, Rebekah, and Todd A. Lensman. "Combining Complements: Theory and Evidence from Cancer Treatment Innovation." Working Paper, January 2025.
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Displacement or Complementarity? The Labor Market Impact of Generative AI

      By: Wilbur Xinyuan Chen, Suraj Srinivasan and Saleh Zakerinia
      Generative AI is poised to reshape the labor market, affecting cognitive and white-collar occupations in ways distinct from past technological revolutions. This study examines whether generative AI displaces workers or augments their jobs by analyzing labor demand and... View Details
      Keywords: Generative Ai; Labor Market; Automation And Augmentation; Labor; AI and Machine Learning; Competency and Skills
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      Chen, Wilbur Xinyuan, Suraj Srinivasan, and Saleh Zakerinia. "Displacement or Complementarity? The Labor Market Impact of Generative AI." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-039, December 2024.
      • November 2024
      • Supplement

      Epic Games: Nineteen Eighty-Fortnite (B)

      By: Andy Wu and Ronald Wang
      In a significant ruling on April 24, 2023, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit upheld portions of the district court’s decision against Epic Games back in September 2021. However, Apple’s anti-steering provisions, which restricted app developers from... View Details
      Keywords: Lawsuits and Litigation; Market Transactions; Applications and Software; Technology Industry; Video Game Industry
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      Wu, Andy, and Ronald Wang. "Epic Games: Nineteen Eighty-Fortnite (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 725-400, November 2024.
      • 2024
      • Article

      Supply and Demand and the Term Structure of Interest Rates

      By: Robin Greenwood, Samuel Hanson and Dimitri Vayanos
      We survey the growing literature emphasizing the role that supply-and-demand forces play in shaping the term structure of interest rates. Our starting point is the Vayanos and Vila (2009, 2021) model of the term structure of default-free bond yields, which we present... View Details
      Keywords: Demand and Consumers; Interest Rates; Bonds; Financial Markets
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      Greenwood, Robin, Samuel Hanson, and Dimitri Vayanos. "Supply and Demand and the Term Structure of Interest Rates." Annual Review of Financial Economics 16 (2024): 115–151.
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