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    • All HBS Web  (240)
      • Faculty Publications  (49)

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      • January 2025 (Revised March 2025)
      • Case

      Thomas Müller: Mr. Bayern Munich

      By: Boris Groysberg, Sascha L. Schmidt, Alexander Liebhart and Sarah Abbott
      In 2024, FC Bayern Munich superstar Thomas Müller announced his retirement from German national football. His contract with Bayern Munich runs through the end of the 2024-25 season. In 2025, Müller reflects on his long career in football, on the skills that have driven... View Details
      Keywords: Soccer; Football; Data Science And Analytics Management; Bundesliga; Sports Data; "Sports Organizations,; Career Changes And Transitions; Career Management; Retirement Transition; Skills Development; Analysis; Competency and Skills; Decision Making; Performance; Personal Development and Career; Retirement; Transition; Sports Industry; Germany
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      Groysberg, Boris, Sascha L. Schmidt, Alexander Liebhart, and Sarah Abbott. "Thomas Müller: Mr. Bayern Munich." Harvard Business School Case 425-031, January 2025. (Revised March 2025.)
      • January 2025
      • Case

      Real Madrid Club de Fútbol

      By: Anita Elberse, Juan Pasquín and Íñigo Pasquín
      On June 1, 2024, Spanish soccer club Real Madrid captures its fifteenth Champions League title—more than double the tally of the nearest competitor. Under Florentino Pérez’s leadership, the club has now won six of the last eleven UEFA Champions League titles, and has... View Details
      Keywords: Soccer; Football; Entertainment; Media; Talent Management; Superstars; General Management; Sports; Marketing; Recruitment; Competitive Strategy; Growth and Development Strategy; Sports Industry; Entertainment and Recreation Industry; Media and Broadcasting Industry
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      Elberse, Anita, Juan Pasquín, and Íñigo Pasquín. "Real Madrid Club de Fútbol." Harvard Business School Case 525-026, January 2025.
      • December 2024
      • Case

      AC Milan

      By: Anita Elberse
      In April 2024, Giorgio Furlani is nearing the end of his first full season as chief executive officer of Italian soccer club AC Milan. A Harvard Business School Class of 2007 graduate with a finance background, Furlani was appointed by RedBird Capital Partners’ founder... View Details
      Keywords: Sports; Soccer; Football; Entertainment; Media; Talent Management; Superstars; Marketing; Strategy; General Management; Mergers and Acquisitions; Leadership; Business Strategy; Competitive Strategy; Business or Company Management; Sports Industry; Milan
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      Elberse, Anita. "AC Milan." Harvard Business School Case 525-025, December 2024.
      • 20 Aug 2024
      • Interview

      Angel City Football Club: A New Business Model for Women’s Sports

      By: Jeffrey F. Rayport, Brian Kenny and Nicole Tempest Keller
      Angel City Football Club (ACFC) was founded in 2020 by venture capitalist Kara Nortman, entrepreneur Julie Uhrman, and actor and activist Natalie Portman. As outsiders to professional sports, the all-female founding team had rewritten the playbook for how to build a... View Details
      Keywords: Brands and Branding; Gender; Franchise Ownership; Business Model; Sports Industry
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      "Angel City Football Club: A New Business Model for Women’s Sports." Cold Call (podcast), Harvard Business Review Group, August 20, 2024. (Interviewed by Brian Kenny.)
      • August 2024 (Revised March 2025)
      • Teaching Plan

      Recycle & Re-Match: The Future of Soccer Turfs

      By: George Serafeim
      Teaching Plan for HBS Case No. 124-032. View Details
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      Serafeim, George. "Recycle & Re-Match: The Future of Soccer Turfs." Harvard Business School Teaching Plan 125-033, August 2024. (Revised March 2025.)
      • April 2024
      • Supplement

      Recycle & Re-Match: The Future of Soccer Turfs

      By: George Serafeim
      Keywords: Carbon Emissions; Carbon Abatement; Sustainability; Recycling; Waste Management; Technology; Entrepreneurial Management; Business Growth and Maturation; Business Model; Decisions; Energy Conservation; Investment Return; Profit; Technological Innovation; Patents; Growth and Development Strategy; Market Entry and Exit; Digital Platforms; Wastes and Waste Processing; Business Strategy; Competition; Expansion; Technology Adoption; Sports; Environmental Sustainability; Entrepreneurship; Green Technology Industry; Service Industry; Manufacturing Industry; Rubber Industry; Sports Industry; Denmark; Netherlands; France; United States; Pennsylvania; Europe
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      Serafeim, George. "Recycle & Re-Match: The Future of Soccer Turfs." Harvard Business School Multimedia/Video Supplement 124-707, April 2024.
      • March 2024 (Revised April 2024)
      • Case

      Angel City Football Club: Scoring a New Model

      By: Jeffrey F. Rayport, Jennifer Fonstad and Nicole Tempest Keller
      In January 2024, Kara Nortman, Julie Uhrman, and Natalie Portman, the founders of Angel City Football Club (ACFC) were developing the club’s first three-year strategic plan. Founded in 2020, ACFC had a star-studded investor group, including Portman and celebrities such... View Details
      Keywords: Sports; Entertainment; Entrepreneurship; Brands and Branding; Venture Capital; Business Model; Corporate Strategy; Digital Marketing; Sports Industry; Entertainment and Recreation Industry; United States; California; Los Angeles
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      Rayport, Jeffrey F., Jennifer Fonstad, and Nicole Tempest Keller. "Angel City Football Club: Scoring a New Model." Harvard Business School Case 824-192, March 2024. (Revised April 2024.)
      • February 2024
      • Case

      ReSpo.Vision: The Kickstart of an AI Sports Revolution

      By: Paul A. Gompers, Elena Corsi and Nikolina Jonsson
      This case study explores the growth journey of Polish computer vision sports start-up ReSpo.Vision in an emerging entrepreneurial ecosystem. By providing 3D data and analysis to soccer clubs, ReSpo.Vision achieved significant milestones with a €1 million seed round, an... View Details
      Keywords: Business Startups; Business Plan; Experience and Expertise; Talent and Talent Management; Decisions; Decision Choices and Conditions; Forecasting and Prediction; Entrepreneurship; Venture Capital; AI and Machine Learning; Analytics and Data Science; Applications and Software; Business Strategy; Sports Industry; Technology Industry; Poland; Europe
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      Gompers, Paul A., Elena Corsi, and Nikolina Jonsson. "ReSpo.Vision: The Kickstart of an AI Sports Revolution." Harvard Business School Case 824-151, February 2024.
      • October 2023 (Revised November 2023)
      • Case

      Recycle & Re-Match: The Future of Soccer Turfs

      By: George Serafeim, Lena Duchene and Carlota Moniz
      By August 2023, Re-Match, an artificial turf waste-to-value company, had operations in Denmark and the Netherlands and had recycled over 160,000 tons of waste and plastic fiber. With recent capital injection from the VC firm Verdane and a dual revenue business model,... View Details
      Keywords: Carbon Emissions; Carbon Abatement; Sustainability; Recycling; Waste Management; Technology; Entrepreneurial Management; Business Growth and Maturation; Business Model; Decisions; Energy Conservation; Investment Return; Profit; Technological Innovation; Patents; Growth and Development Strategy; Market Entry and Exit; Digital Platforms; Wastes and Waste Processing; Business Strategy; Competition; Expansion; Technology Adoption; Sports; Environmental Sustainability; Entrepreneurship; Green Technology Industry; Service Industry; Manufacturing Industry; Rubber Industry; Sports Industry; Denmark; Netherlands; France; United States; Pennsylvania; Europe
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      Serafeim, George, Lena Duchene, and Carlota Moniz. "Recycle & Re-Match: The Future of Soccer Turfs." Harvard Business School Case 124-032, October 2023. (Revised November 2023.)
      • September 2023
      • Supplement

      David Beckham (B): Signing Lionel Messi to Inter Miami CF

      By: Anita Elberse and David Moreno Vicente
      In June 2023, David Beckham, co-owner of Major League Soccer team Inter Miami CF, is hoping to find a way to bring Lionel Messi, widely regarded as one of the best players the world of soccer has ever seen, to his team. But Messi—a seven-time winner of the Ballon d’Or... View Details
      Keywords: Soccer; Football; Superstars; General Management; Sports; Negotiation Offer; Competitive Strategy; Compensation and Benefits; Entertainment; Media; Marketing; Sports Industry; Miami
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      Elberse, Anita, and David Moreno Vicente. "David Beckham (B): Signing Lionel Messi to Inter Miami CF." Harvard Business School Supplement 524-040, September 2023.
      • September 2023 (Revised October 2023)
      • Case

      Mohamed Salah

      By: Anita Elberse and Taher El Moataz Bellah
      In June 2022, Mohamed Salah, one of the world’s best soccer players, and his lawyer and advisor Ramy Abbas Issa were in ongoing discussions with top English Premier League club Liverpool FC about a new playing contract for Salah. Arguably the Arab world’s biggest... View Details
      Keywords: Soccer; Football; Superstars; General Management; Sports; Entertainment; Media; Marketing; Strategy; Compensation and Benefits; Contracts; Negotiation Participants; Negotiation Process; Sports Industry; England
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      Elberse, Anita, and Taher El Moataz Bellah. "Mohamed Salah." Harvard Business School Case 524-031, September 2023. (Revised October 2023.)
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      LALIGA—From a Soccer Competition Organizer to a Global Player in the Sports and Entertainment Industry

      By: Stephen A. Greyser, Kenneth Cortsen and Juan Fuentes Fernández
      LALIGA, the first- and second-tier professional soccer league (known as “football” outside of the U.S. and Canada) in Spain, enters its 100th soccer season later this decade. The most popular game in the world (Giulianotti, 2012) has gone through many changes since... View Details
      Keywords: Soccer; "Sports Organizations,; Business History; Strategy; Brands and Branding; Technology Adoption; Sports Industry
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      Greyser, Stephen A., Kenneth Cortsen, and Juan Fuentes Fernández. "LALIGA—From a Soccer Competition Organizer to a Global Player in the Sports and Entertainment Industry." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-009, August 2023.
      • December 23, 2022
      • Article

      What the World Cup Can Teach Business Leaders About Top Performers

      By: Boris Groysberg, Sascha L. Schmidt, Abhijit Naik and Harry Krueger
      Our people are our greatest source of competitive advantage." This sentiment is often heralded in companies by everyone from middle managers to HR professionals to CEOs. It is a great sound bite. The problem: It is not true—at least, not entirely. View Details
      Keywords: Soccer; Performance; Business; Leadership; Competitive Advantage; Selection and Staffing; Talent and Talent Management
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      Groysberg, Boris, Sascha L. Schmidt, Abhijit Naik, and Harry Krueger. "What the World Cup Can Teach Business Leaders About Top Performers." Newsweek (December 23, 2022), 16–20.
      • November 2022 (Revised February 2024)
      • Case

      The Globalization of Manchester City Football Group

      By: Maria P. Roche, Tiona Zuzul, Exequiel Hernandez and Amy Klopfenstein
      This case describes the efforts of City Football Group (CFG) to purchase Esporte Clube Bahia (Bahia), a Brazilian professional soccer club. CFG’s strategy was to acquire under-performing clubs worldwide, invest money in high-profile players, and improve the teams’... View Details
      Keywords: Business Ventures; Acquisition; Business Conglomerates; Geography; Geographic Location; Geographic Scope; Globalization; Global Strategy; Globalized Markets and Industries; Markets; Demand and Consumers; Marketing; Brands and Branding; Organizations; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Sports; Strategy; Competition; Competitive Advantage; Diversification; Expansion; Sports Industry; Europe; United Kingdom; England; South America; Brazil
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      Roche, Maria P., Tiona Zuzul, Exequiel Hernandez, and Amy Klopfenstein. "The Globalization of Manchester City Football Group." Harvard Business School Case 723-391, November 2022. (Revised February 2024.)
      • January 2022
      • Case

      FIFA and The World Cup: The Future of Football

      By: Anita Elberse, Oliver Band and Howard Johnson
      Should FIFA host its biggest event—the FIFA World Cup—every two years instead of every four, as it has been doing since the event’s inception in the 1930s? In September 2021, Gianni Infantino, the president of the International Federation of Association Football... View Details
      Keywords: Sports; Soccer; Football; Entertainment; Media; Talent Development; Globalization; Marketing; Strategy; General Management; Governance; Decision Making; Governing and Advisory Boards; Problems and Challenges; Brands and Branding; Sports Industry; Entertainment and Recreation Industry
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      Elberse, Anita, Oliver Band, and Howard Johnson. "FIFA and The World Cup: The Future of Football." Harvard Business School Case 522-076, January 2022.
      • January 2022
      • Teaching Note

      Negotiating for Equal Pay: The U.S. Women’s National Soccer Team (A) and (B)

      By: John Beshears and Christine Exley
      Teaching note for "Negotiating for Equal Pay: The U.S. Women’s National Soccer Team (A) and (B), nos. 920-029 and 920-030. View Details
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      Beshears, John, and Christine Exley. "Negotiating for Equal Pay: The U.S. Women’s National Soccer Team (A) and (B)." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 922-032, January 2022.
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      MLS as a Sports Product—The Prominence of the World's Game in the U.S.

      By: Stephen A. Greyser and Kenneth Cortsen
      The purpose of this Working Paper is to analyze how soccer at the professional level in the U.S., with Major League Soccer as a focal point, has developed over the span of a quarter of a century. It is worthwhile to examine the growth of Major League Soccer (MLS) from... View Details
      Keywords: Soccer; Major League Soccer; Sports; Growth and Development; Organizational Structure; Business Model; Sports Industry; United States
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      Greyser, Stephen A., and Kenneth Cortsen. "MLS as a Sports Product—The Prominence of the World's Game in the U.S." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-111, March 2021. (Revised April 2021.)
      • March 2021
      • Supplement

      Sky Deutschland Analysis: Results

      By: Felix Oberholzer-Gee, Sascha L. Schmidt, Renate Imoberdorf and Sebastian Koppers
      Carsten Schmidt, CEO of Sky Deutschland, needs to prepare for the auction of German soccer rights. Much was at stake. Not only was soccer the most widely watched sport in Germany, the company had long advertised that only Sky showed “every game, every goal.” In... View Details
      Keywords: Sports; Entertainment; Television Entertainment; Intellectual Property; Auctions; Bids and Bidding; Sports Industry; Media and Broadcasting Industry; Germany
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      Oberholzer-Gee, Felix, Sascha L. Schmidt, Renate Imoberdorf, and Sebastian Koppers. "Sky Deutschland Analysis: Results." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 721-853, March 2021.
      • March 2021
      • Case

      Sky Deutschland - Bidding for Sports Rights (A)

      By: Felix Oberholzer-Gee, Sascha L. Schmidt, Renate Imoberdorf and Sebastian Koppers
      Carsten Schmidt, CEO of Sky Deutschland, needs to prepare for the auction of German soccer rights. Much was at stake. Not only was soccer the most widely watched sport in Germany, the company had long advertised that only Sky showed “every game, every goal.” In... View Details
      Keywords: Sports; Entertainment; Television Entertainment; Intellectual Property; Auctions; Bids and Bidding; Sports Industry; Media and Broadcasting Industry; Germany
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      Oberholzer-Gee, Felix, Sascha L. Schmidt, Renate Imoberdorf, and Sebastian Koppers. "Sky Deutschland - Bidding for Sports Rights (A)." Harvard Business School Case 721-440, March 2021.
      • March 2021
      • Supplement

      Sky Deutschland - Bidding for Sports Rights (B)

      By: Felix Oberholzer-Gee, Sascha L. Schmidt and Sebastian Koppers
      Carsten Schmidt, CEO of Sky Deutschland, needs to prepare for the auction of German soccer rights. Much was at stake. Not only was soccer the most widely watched sport in Germany, the company had long advertised that only Sky showed “every game, every goal.” In... View Details
      Keywords: Sports; Entertainment; Television Entertainment; Intellectual Property; Auctions; Bids and Bidding; Sports Industry; Media and Broadcasting Industry; Germany
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      Oberholzer-Gee, Felix, Sascha L. Schmidt, and Sebastian Koppers. "Sky Deutschland - Bidding for Sports Rights (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 721-441, March 2021.
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