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    • All HBS Web  (2,344)
      • Faculty Publications  (554)

      Growth InvestingRemove Growth Investing →

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      • April 2025
      • Background Note

      Customer Acquisition and the Cash Flow Trap

      By: E. Ofek, Barak Libai and Eitan Muller
      Startups as well as existing firms recognize the need to invest in order to acquire customers for their new ventures. And as each customer is expected at some point to have generated sufficient gross margins to cover their CAC, management expects that, soon enough, the... View Details
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      Ofek, E., Barak Libai, and Eitan Muller. "Customer Acquisition and the Cash Flow Trap." Harvard Business School Background Note 525-056, April 2025.
      • April 2025
      • Case

      Breezm: Innovative 3D-Printed Eyewear (A)

      By: Juan Alcácer, Brian Mao Fu and Adina Wong
      In 2023, Breezm, a South Korean startup, faced a strategic decision about how to grow its innovative 3D-printed, custom-fit eyewear business. Co-founded in 2017 by Zenma Park and Wooseok Sung, Breezm combined facial scanning, AI, and in-house production to solve the... View Details
      Keywords: 3D Printing; Eyeyewear; Growth; Business Startups; AI and Machine Learning; Technological Innovation; Growth and Development Strategy; Risk and Uncertainty; Expansion; South Korea
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      Alcácer, Juan, Brian Mao Fu, and Adina Wong. "Breezm: Innovative 3D-Printed Eyewear (A)." Harvard Business School Case 725-376, April 2025.
      • March 2025 (Revised March 2025)
      • Case

      Good for the Seller, Good for the Buyer and Good for Society: Sampo-yoshi, Sustainability and Trust at ITOCHU

      By: Sandra J. Sucher and Bethelehem Y Araya
      In 2024, ITOCHU CEO Masahiro Okafuji was at a crossroads. As the thirteenth CEO since ITOCHU’s founding in 1858, he had fueled the company’s growth since 2011 by bringing ITOCHU’s founding philosophy of Sampo-yoshi (good for the seller, good for the buyer and... View Details
      Keywords: Sustainability; Trust; Profit; Growth and Development Strategy; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Mission and Purpose; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Environmental Sustainability; Japan
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      Sucher, Sandra J., and Bethelehem Y Araya. "Good for the Seller, Good for the Buyer and Good for Society: Sampo-yoshi, Sustainability and Trust at ITOCHU." Harvard Business School Case 325-053, March 2025. (Revised March 2025.)
      • February 2025
      • Case

      Blue Owl Financing of Ping Identity

      By: Victoria Ivashina and Srimayi Mylavarapu
      In the fall of 2022, Blue Owl Capital's investment committee evaluated a potential investment in the technology sector. The proposed transaction centered on Ping Identity Corporation (“Ping”), a fast-growing identity access management (IAM) software company that was... View Details
      Keywords: Mergers and Acquisitions; Borrowing and Debt; Cash Flow; Investment; Privatization; Financial Services Industry; Technology Industry
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      Ivashina, Victoria, and Srimayi Mylavarapu. "Blue Owl Financing of Ping Identity." Harvard Business School Case 225-078, February 2025.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Impact Investing and Worker Outcomes

      By: Josh Lerner, Markus Lithell and Gordon M. Phillips
      Impact investors claim to distinguish themselves from traditional venture capital and growth equity investors by also pursuing ESG objectives. Whether they successfully do so in practice is unclear. We use confidential Census Bureau microdata to assess worker... View Details
      Keywords: ESG; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Private Equity; Venture Capital; Wages
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      Lerner, Josh, Markus Lithell, and Gordon M. Phillips. "Impact Investing and Worker Outcomes." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-040, February 2025.
      • January 2025
      • Case

      Arsenal Capital Partners' Refinancing of Pinnacle

      By: Victoria Ivashina and Srimayi Mylavarapu
      Arsenal Capital Partners’ portfolio company, Pinnacle, a leading producer of high-performance adhesive technologies, has experienced rapid growth under Arsenal’s ownership. Over just two years, Pinnacle's EBITDA increased from $13.5 million to $60 million. By mid-2021,... View Details
      Keywords: Business Exit or Shutdown; Decision Choices and Conditions; Private Equity; Financing and Loans; Growth Management
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      Ivashina, Victoria, and Srimayi Mylavarapu. "Arsenal Capital Partners' Refinancing of Pinnacle." Harvard Business School Case 225-075, January 2025.
      • January 2025
      • Case

      Untapped Global: Financing Africa's Missing Middle

      By: Raymond Kluender and Emanuele Colonnelli
      In November 2024, Jim Chu, founder and CEO of Untapped Global, faced mounting internal tensions over the company’s strategic direction. Untapped had developed a data-driven revenue-based financing (RBF) model to address the “missing middle” problem—the $5.2 trillion... View Details
      Keywords: Social Entrepreneurship; Venture Capital; Working Capital; Private Equity; Financial Strategy; Microfinance; International Finance; Currency Exchange Rate; Profit Sharing; Revenue; Developing Countries and Economies; Economic Growth; Emerging Markets; Mission and Purpose; Small Business; Entrepreneurial Finance; Banking Industry; Financial Services Industry; Information Technology Industry; Technology Industry; Africa; Nigeria; South Africa; Kenya; Uganda; California; San Francisco
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      Kluender, Raymond, and Emanuele Colonnelli. "Untapped Global: Financing Africa's Missing Middle." Harvard Business School Case 825-056, January 2025.
      • January 2025
      • Case

      Apax Partners: Deciding Whether to Bid for Trader Corp.

      By: Benjamin C. Esty and Edward A. Meyer
      Apax Partners’ investment committee was schedule to meet on March 21, 2011, to decide whether to invest in Trader Corporation, a Canadian classified advertising business for used automobiles with both print (magazines) and digital (website) distribution. What made this... View Details
      Keywords: Value Creation; Network Effects; Private Equity; Growth Management; Digital Marketing; Business Strategy; Competitive Advantage; E-commerce; Valuation; Competition; Digital Platforms; Digital Strategy; Digital Transformation; Transition; Investment; Risk and Uncertainty; Advertising Industry; Auto Industry; Information Industry; Canada; United Kingdom; New York (state, US); New York (city, NY)
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      Esty, Benjamin C., and Edward A. Meyer. "Apax Partners: Deciding Whether to Bid for Trader Corp." Harvard Business School Case 225-032, January 2025.
      • January 2025
      • Case

      Transforming Talent at Teach For Taiwan

      By: Juan Alcácer and Chi Kuan
      The Teach For Taiwan (TFT) case follows founder Anting Liu as she considers how to scale the nonprofit’s talent strategy after a decade of impact in rural education. TFT recruits high-potential young professionals into a 2-year teaching fellowship, aiming to address... View Details
      Keywords: Teaching; Talent and Talent Management; Leadership Development; Growth and Development Strategy; Mission and Purpose; Nonprofit Organizations; Education Industry; Taiwan
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      Alcácer, Juan, and Chi Kuan. "Transforming Talent at Teach For Taiwan." Harvard Business School Case 725-387, January 2025.
      • January 2025 (Revised April 2025)
      • Case

      Mercado Libre: The Best Is Yet to Come

      By: Krishna G. Palepu, Fernando Fragueiro, Carla Larangeira and Mariana Cal
      In 2024, Marcos Galperín, CEO and co-founder of Mercado Libre, reflected on its 25-year rise as Latin America’s largest marketplace, fintech leader, and most valuable public company. With operations spanning 18 countries and a robust ecosystem combining e-commerce,... View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Multinational Firms and Management; Recruitment; Compensation and Benefits; Innovation Leadership; Innovation Strategy; Leadership Style; Business or Company Management; Management Practices and Processes; Management Succession; E-commerce; Emerging Markets; Distribution; Logistics; Organizational Culture; Organizational Design; Business Strategy; Competition; Growth and Development Strategy; Corporate Strategy; Technology Industry; Financial Services Industry; Retail Industry; Latin America; Mexico; Brazil; Argentina
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      Palepu, Krishna G., Fernando Fragueiro, Carla Larangeira, and Mariana Cal. "Mercado Libre: The Best Is Yet to Come." Harvard Business School Case 325-065, January 2025. (Revised April 2025.)
      • December 2024
      • Case

      Tencent Games

      By: Rebecca Karp, Billy Chan and Nancy Hua Dai
      For years, Tencent Games, a division of China’s largest internet company, had taken the lion’s share of revenue in the global gaming market with blockbuster titles such as “League of Legends” and “PUBG: Battlegrounds.” These games defined the game genres that they... View Details
      Keywords: Decisions; Games, Gaming, and Gambling; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Innovation and Management; Innovation Strategy; Growth and Development Strategy; Product Development; Organizational Culture; Business Strategy; Investment; Competitive Strategy; Video Game Industry; Europe; China
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      Karp, Rebecca, Billy Chan, and Nancy Hua Dai. "Tencent Games." Harvard Business School Case 725-411, December 2024.
      • December 2024
      • Case

      Enerjisa Üretim: The Digital Era of Electricity Generation

      By: Prithwiraj Choudhury and Sadika El Hariri
      Launched in 2017, Enerjisa Üretim was one of Türkiye’s largest private sector electricity companies. In its early days, the company faced some financial and operational troubles. When İhsan Erbil Bayçöl, the current CEO of Enerjisa Üretim, joined the business in 2018,... View Details
      Keywords: Private Sector; Performance Improvement; Renewable Energy; Growth and Development Strategy; Business Units; Partners and Partnerships; Leadership; Energy Industry; Utilities Industry; Turkey
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      Choudhury, Prithwiraj, and Sadika El Hariri. "Enerjisa Üretim: The Digital Era of Electricity Generation." Harvard Business School Case 625-022, December 2024.
      • November 2024
      • Case

      Polish Agro: Where Do We Grow from Here?

      By: Willy C. Shih, Lena Duchene and Daniela Beyersdorfer
      By July 2024, Polish Agro had grown into one of Poland’s fastest-growing agribusinesses, with €230 million in revenue, 82 employees, and operations across Northern Poland. The company supported farmers with essential agricultural inputs like fertilizers and seeds,... View Details
      Keywords: Plant-Based Agribusiness; Distribution; Volatility; Customer Focus and Relationships; Customer Value and Value Chain; Climate Change; Environmental Regulation; Profit; Trade; Digital Strategy; Innovation Strategy; Crisis Management; Growth and Development Strategy; Resource Allocation; Advertising; Brands and Branding; E-commerce; Business and Community Relations; Networks; Adaptation; Adoption; Competitive Advantage; Business Model; Health Pandemics; War; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Europe; Poland
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      Shih, Willy C., Lena Duchene, and Daniela Beyersdorfer. "Polish Agro: Where Do We Grow from Here?" Harvard Business School Case 625-061, November 2024.
      • November 2024
      • Teaching Note

      Mercado Bitcoin: M&A, IPO, or Series B?

      By: Raymond Kluender, Emanuele Colonnelli and Sabrina Howell
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 825-047. In April 2021, Brazilian cryptocurrency platform Mercado Bitcoin, had to decide how to scale: go public, M&A with a bank, or take a VC big check. In a highly volatile market, Roberto Dagnoni, chairman of the board, viewed the... View Details
      Keywords: Cryptocurrency; Mergers and Acquisitions; Business Growth and Maturation; Business Startups; Decision Making; Going Public; Ownership Stake; Strategic Planning; Venture Capital; Problems and Challenges; Business Cycles; Digital Platforms; Emerging Markets; Market Timing; Expansion; Diversification; Valuation; Value Creation; Investment Funds; Initial Public Offering; Price; Price Bubble; Negotiation Offer; Information Technology Industry; Financial Services Industry; Brazil; Latin America
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      Kluender, Raymond, Emanuele Colonnelli, and Sabrina Howell. "Mercado Bitcoin: M&A, IPO, or Series B?" Harvard Business School Teaching Note 825-092, November 2024.
      • October 2024
      • Supplement

      Hakluyt: from Corporate Intelligence to Trusted Advisors (B)

      By: Joseph B. Fuller and Lena Duchene
      This case is a continuation of an earlier study chronicling Hakluyt & Company (Hakluyt)’s transformation from an obscure boutique to a global corporate advisory firm with an outsized reputation. In August 2024, the firm faced a pivotal moment as managing partner Varun... View Details
      Keywords: Business Growth and Maturation; Business Model; Talent and Talent Management; Capital Structure; Cash Flow; Corporate Finance; Equity; Stock Shares; Corporate Governance; Business History; Compensation and Benefits; Recruitment; Leadership Style; Growth Management; Management Succession; Management Teams; Organizational Culture; Performance Evaluation; Networks; Partners and Partnerships; Business Strategy; Competitive Advantage; Consulting Industry; Europe; United Kingdom; England; London
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      Fuller, Joseph B., and Lena Duchene. "Hakluyt: from Corporate Intelligence to Trusted Advisors (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 825-087, October 2024.
      • October 2024
      • Case

      Sacoor Brothers: From Co-Family CEOs to No Family CEOs?

      By: Lauren Cohen, David Ager and Alpana Thapar
      Sacoor Brothers, a luxury clothing retail company, was founded in 1989 in Lisbon, Portugal, by four brothers—Malik, Salim, Rahimo, and Moez. After establishing a strong presence in Portugal, the brothers were drawn to the rapidly growing retail markets in the Middle... View Details
      Keywords: Growth; Geographic Mobility; Family Office; Professionalization; Institutional Development; Second-generation; Third-generation; Family Business; Private Equity; Investment; Governance; Transition; Business Model; Growth and Development Strategy; Management Succession; Market Entry and Exit; Family and Family Relationships; Expansion; Retail Industry; Fashion Industry; Middle East; United Arab Emirates; Saudi Arabia; Portugal; Jordan; Dubai
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      Cohen, Lauren, David Ager, and Alpana Thapar. "Sacoor Brothers: From Co-Family CEOs to No Family CEOs?" Harvard Business School Case 225-008, October 2024.
      • October 2024
      • Case

      Ranger Energy Services: Bridging Public & Private Markets

      By: Joseph Pacelli, Ravi Ramniklal Gondalia and James Weber
      In August of 2017, CSL Capital, a private equity fund founded and operated by Charlie Leykum (HBS ’04), was deciding to take one of its portfolio companies, Ranger Energy Services, public. Founded in 2014, Ranger Energy was an oilfield service company providing... View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Initial Public Offering; Financial Strategy; Valuation; Private Equity; Business Strategy; Investment Portfolio; Investment Return; Financial Services Industry; Energy Industry; United States
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      Pacelli, Joseph, Ravi Ramniklal Gondalia, and James Weber. "Ranger Energy Services: Bridging Public & Private Markets." Harvard Business School Case 125-023, October 2024.
      • September 26, 2024
      • Article

      A Better Way to Measure Social Impact

      By: Robert S. Kaplan and Constance Spitzer
      All impact investors report the financial returns from their funds and investments, and many provide metrics on intended social outcomes, such as numbers of individuals served, or quality jobs created. But investors do not supply metrics about their impacts on... View Details
      Keywords: Impact Investing; Social Impact Investment; Inclusive Growth; Sustainability; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Environmental Sustainability
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      Kaplan, Robert S., and Constance Spitzer. "A Better Way to Measure Social Impact." Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (September 26, 2024).
      • September 2024
      • Case

      Faena: Magic in Mid-Miami Beach

      By: Robin Greenwood, Denise Han, Dave Habeeb and Ruth Page
      The link to this multimedia case should be provided to students in advance as preparation for classroom case discussion.

      This multimedia case follows real estate developer Alan Faena as he expanded his luxury development business from Argentina to the... View Details
      Keywords: Development; Real Estate; Hotels; Luxury; Urban Development; Sustainable Cities; Design; Markets; Transformation; Cost vs Benefits; Economic Growth; Private Sector; Public Sector; Economic Slowdown and Stagnation; Cultural Entrepreneurship; Financial Strategy; Investment Return; Geographic Location; Urban Scope; Corporate Accountability; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Business and Community Relations; Business and Government Relations; Opportunities; Culture; Value Creation; Real Estate Industry; Entertainment and Recreation Industry; Florida; Miami; Argentina; Buenos Aires
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      Greenwood, Robin, Denise Han, Dave Habeeb, and Ruth Page. "Faena: Magic in Mid-Miami Beach." Harvard Business School Multimedia/Video Case 225-701, September 2024.
      • September 2024
      • Case

      TechEnergy Ventures: Innovating Through Corporate Venture Capital

      By: Rebecca Karp and Lena Duchene
      This case examines TechEnergy Ventures, the corporate venture capital (CVC) arm of the Techint Group, and its role in scaling innovation within the energy sector. Founded in 2021, TechEnergy Ventures operates with a mandate to invest in disruptive technologies to... View Details
      Keywords: Transition; Alternative Energy; Renewable Energy; Metals and Minerals; Mining; Corporate Entrepreneurship; Climate Change; Environmental Sustainability; Corporate Finance; Venture Capital; Financial Strategy; Investment Portfolio; Growth and Development Strategy; Adaptation; Diversification; Innovation Strategy; Energy Industry; Financial Services Industry; Italy; Europe; Latin America; Argentina
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      Karp, Rebecca, and Lena Duchene. "TechEnergy Ventures: Innovating Through Corporate Venture Capital." Harvard Business School Case 725-393, September 2024.
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