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Publications

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      • Faculty Publications  (102)

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      • May 2025
      • Background Note

      Social Enterprise in Latin America

      By: Brian L. Trelstad and Karina Souza
      This research note provides an overview of the social enterprise ecosystem in Latin America, exploring current dynamics across key markets, including country-specific insights on Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, Colombia, Chile, and Central America. In a region characterized... View Details
      Keywords: Latin America; Brazil; Mexico; Argentina; Colombia; Chile; Impact Investing; Developing Countries and Economies; Social Entrepreneurship; Emerging Markets; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Mission and Purpose; Ownership; Social Enterprise; Business Strategy; Equality and Inequality; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Banking Industry; Financial Services Industry; Information Technology Industry; Latin America; Brazil; Mexico; Argentina; Colombia; Chile; Guatemala; Central America
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      Trelstad, Brian L., and Karina Souza. "Social Enterprise in Latin America." Harvard Business School Background Note 325-117, May 2025.
      • 2025
      • Chapter

      Institutional Entrepreneurship and Climate Change

      By: Ann-Kristin Bergquist and Geoffrey Jones
      This chapter explores when and why private regulatory governance systems became the primary form of global environmental governance. The chapter explores two different historical paths in such private regulation and how they came about. The first path involved... View Details
      Keywords: Institutional Entrepreneurship; Environment; Climate Change; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Environmental Regulation; Standards; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact
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      Bergquist, Ann-Kristin, and Geoffrey Jones. "Institutional Entrepreneurship and Climate Change." Chap. 1 in Climate Change and Business: Historical Perspectives, edited by Teresa da Silva Lopes, Paul Duguid, and Robert Fredona, 8–29. London, United Kingdom: Routledge, 2025.
      • January 2025
      • Teaching Note

      Vytal: Packaging-as-a-Service

      By: George Serafeim, Michael W. Toffel and Stacy Straaberg
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 124-007. The Germany-based startup Vytal operated the largest digital-native reusable packaging-as-a-service network globally, having raised nearly €15 million, established a large network of restaurant partners, and prevented the use of... View Details
      Keywords: Environmental Sustainability; Innovation and Invention; Business Growth and Maturation; Growth and Development Strategy; Business Startups; Resource Allocation; Risk Management; Adoption; Strategy; Performance Productivity; Service Delivery; Service Operations; Supply Chain; Distribution; Entrepreneurship; Climate Change; Business Model; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Profit; Financing and Loans; Expansion; Green Technology Industry; Service Industry; Retail Industry; Germany; Europe
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      Serafeim, George, Michael W. Toffel, and Stacy Straaberg. "Vytal: Packaging-as-a-Service." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 125-003, January 2025.
      • January 2025 (Revised April 2025)
      • Case

      Blue Frontier: Disrupting Air Conditioning

      By: Rosabeth Moss Kanter and Jacob A. Small
      Serial entrepreneur Daniel Betts founded Blue Frontier in South Florida to offer a climate-friendly solution to increase air conditioning efficiency and dehumidify using new technology he developed. Backed by significant venture capital, Blue Frontier had to choose... View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Climate Change; Environmental Sustainability; Technological Innovation; Market Entry and Exit; Performance Efficiency; Business Strategy; Florida
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      Kanter, Rosabeth Moss, and Jacob A. Small. "Blue Frontier: Disrupting Air Conditioning." Harvard Business School Case 325-088, January 2025. (Revised April 2025.)
      • November 2024
      • Background Note

      Social Enterprise in the MENA Region

      By: Brian Trelstad and Ahmed Dahawy
      This research note provides an overview of the socio-economic landscape of social enterprise in the Middle East and North Africa. It highlights the diversity of players in the region including social enterprise organizations (in their many forms) and supporting... View Details
      Keywords: MENA; Non-Governmental Organizations; Nonprofit Organizations; Civil Society or Community; Social Issues; Diasporas; Social Entrepreneurship; Cultural Entrepreneurship; Environmental Sustainability; Geographic Scope; Health Care and Treatment; Philanthropy and Charitable Giving; Business and Community Relations; Business and Government Relations; Social and Collaborative Networks; Demographics; Health Industry; Service Industry; Tourism Industry; Egypt; Morocco; North Africa; Tunisia; Jordan; Lebanon; Saudi Arabia; United Arab Emirates; Dubai; Middle East
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      Trelstad, Brian, and Ahmed Dahawy. "Social Enterprise in the MENA Region." Harvard Business School Background Note 325-041, November 2024.
      • November 2024
      • Case

      Ather Energy: The Future of Mobility

      By: Shunyuan Zhang, Kannan Srinivasan and Malini Sen
      Ather Energy, India’s third-largest electric scooter maker by volume, was founded in 2013. Five years later, the start-up launched its first electric scooter, Ather 450, which was powered by artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT), to navigate... View Details
      Keywords: Energy Policy; Climate Change; Alternative Energy; Corporate Entrepreneurship; Transportation; Transformation; Green Technology; Technology Adoption; Communication Strategy; Marketing Strategy; Customer Focus and Relationships; Business Startups; Growth and Development Strategy; Brands and Branding; Product Launch; Product Positioning; Business Strategy; Segmentation; Asia; India
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      Zhang, Shunyuan, Kannan Srinivasan, and Malini Sen. "Ather Energy: The Future of Mobility." Harvard Business School Case 525-040, November 2024.
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Catalysts for Climate Solutions: Corporate Responses to Venture Capital Financing of Climate-tech Startups

      By: Shirley Lu, George Serafeim and Simon Xu
      We study whether incumbent firms increase their product focus on climate solutions in response to venture capital (VC) financing of climate-tech startups. Using large language models to measure a firm's focus on climate solutions, we find that incumbents in similar... View Details
      Keywords: Climate Finance; Climate Change; Technological Innovation; Entrepreneurship; Venture Capital; Private Equity; Environmental Sustainability; Business Startups
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      Lu, Shirley, George Serafeim, and Simon Xu. "Catalysts for Climate Solutions: Corporate Responses to Venture Capital Financing of Climate-tech Startups." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-025, November 2024.
      • October 2024
      • Course Overview Note

      Risks, Opportunities, and Investments in the Era of Climate Change (ROICC)

      By: George Serafeim
      This course overview note introduces the course Risks, Opportunities, and Investments in the Era of Climate Change to students. View Details
      Keywords: Environment; Innovation; Technology; General Management; Organizational Transformations; Investments; Entrepreneurship; Strategy; Finance; Accounting; Leadership; Climate Change; Environmental Sustainability; Management
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      Serafeim, George. "Risks, Opportunities, and Investments in the Era of Climate Change (ROICC)." Harvard Business School Course Overview Note 125-052, October 2024.
      • September 2024
      • Case

      TechEnergy Ventures: Innovating Through Corporate Venture Capital

      By: Rebecca Karp and Lena Duchene
      This case examines TechEnergy Ventures, the corporate venture capital (CVC) arm of the Techint Group, and its role in scaling innovation within the energy sector. Founded in 2021, TechEnergy Ventures operates with a mandate to invest in disruptive technologies to... View Details
      Keywords: Transition; Alternative Energy; Renewable Energy; Metals and Minerals; Mining; Corporate Entrepreneurship; Climate Change; Environmental Sustainability; Corporate Finance; Venture Capital; Financial Strategy; Investment Portfolio; Growth and Development Strategy; Adaptation; Diversification; Innovation Strategy; Energy Industry; Financial Services Industry; Italy; Europe; Latin America; Argentina
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      Karp, Rebecca, and Lena Duchene. "TechEnergy Ventures: Innovating Through Corporate Venture Capital." Harvard Business School Case 725-393, September 2024.
      • September 9, 2024
      • Article

      Ten Questions for a Winning Climate-transition Business Strategy

      By: George Serafeim
      The move to a low-carbon economy will create opportunities for innovation and growth. To make the most of them, leaders must understand the challenges they could face along the way. View Details
      Keywords: Technology; Organizational Transformations; Business Model Innovation; Innovation and Invention; Climate Change; Transformation; Leadership; Business Strategy; Environmental Sustainability; Change Management; Entrepreneurship
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      Serafeim, George. "Ten Questions for a Winning Climate-transition Business Strategy." Strategy + Business (website) (September 9, 2024).
      • 2024
      • Article

      The Sociology of Entrepreneurship Revisited

      By: Tristan Botelho, Ranjay Gulati and Olav Sorensen
      Over the last two decades, the sociology of entrepreneurship has exploded as an area of academic inquiry. Most of this research has been focused on understanding the environmental conditions that promote entrepreneurship and processes related to the initial formation... View Details
      Keywords: Organizational Change and Adaptation; Entrepreneurship; Business Ventures
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      Botelho, Tristan, Ranjay Gulati, and Olav Sorensen. "The Sociology of Entrepreneurship Revisited." Annual Review of Sociology 50 (2024): 341–364.
      • June 2024
      • Teaching Note

      Miami's Climate Tech Potential (A): The State of Play

      By: Rosabeth Moss Kanter and Ai-Ling Jamila Malone
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 324-119. Miami-Dade County led the work to get South Florida designated a national climate resilience tech hub, the only one of 31 focused on climate change, an urgent major issue for the region in light of global warming and sea level... View Details
      Keywords: Technology; Climate; Entrepreneur; Development; Startup; Climate Change; Venture Capital; Investment; Entrepreneurship; Green Technology; Government Administration; City; Miami
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      Kanter, Rosabeth Moss, and Ai-Ling Jamila Malone. "Miami's Climate Tech Potential (A): The State of Play." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 324-132, June 2024.
      • May 2024
      • Supplement

      Miami’s Climate Tech Potential (B): The 2024 Tech Hub Proposal

      By: Rosabeth Moss Kanter and Jacob A. Small
      Miami-Dade County led the work to get South Florida designated a national climate resilience tech hub, the only one of 31 focused on climate change, an urgent major issue for the region in light of global warming and sea level rise. Venture capitalists saw the... View Details
      Keywords: Climate Change; Venture Capital; Investment; Entrepreneurship; Green Technology; Government Administration; City
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      Kanter, Rosabeth Moss, and Jacob A. Small. "Miami’s Climate Tech Potential (B): The 2024 Tech Hub Proposal." Harvard Business School Supplement 324-135, May 2024.
      • April 2024
      • Supplement

      Recycle & Re-Match: The Future of Soccer Turfs

      By: George Serafeim
      Keywords: Carbon Emissions; Carbon Abatement; Sustainability; Recycling; Waste Management; Technology; Entrepreneurial Management; Business Growth and Maturation; Business Model; Decisions; Energy Conservation; Investment Return; Profit; Technological Innovation; Patents; Growth and Development Strategy; Market Entry and Exit; Digital Platforms; Wastes and Waste Processing; Business Strategy; Competition; Expansion; Technology Adoption; Sports; Environmental Sustainability; Entrepreneurship; Green Technology Industry; Service Industry; Manufacturing Industry; Rubber Industry; Sports Industry; Denmark; Netherlands; France; United States; Pennsylvania; Europe
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      Serafeim, George. "Recycle & Re-Match: The Future of Soccer Turfs." Harvard Business School Multimedia/Video Supplement 124-707, April 2024.
      • March 2024 (Revised June 2024)
      • Case

      Miami's Climate Tech Potential (A): The State of Play

      By: Rosabeth Moss Kanter and Ai-Ling Jamila Malone
      Miami-Dade County led the work to get South Florida designated a national climate resilience tech hub, the only one of 31 focused on climate change, an urgent major issue for the region in light of global warming and sea level rise. Venture capitalists saw the... View Details
      Keywords: Technology; Climate; Entrepreneur; Development; Startup; Climate Change; Venture Capital; Investment; Entrepreneurship; Green Technology; Government Administration; City; Miami
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      Kanter, Rosabeth Moss, and Ai-Ling Jamila Malone. "Miami's Climate Tech Potential (A): The State of Play." Harvard Business School Case 324-119, March 2024. (Revised June 2024.)
      • March 2024
      • Case

      From 'BIG' Ideas to Sustainable Impact at ICL Group (A)

      By: Linda A. Hill and Lydia Begag
      In the summer of 2023, Eduard (“Eddie”) Croitoru, Vice President (VP) of ICL Group (“ICL”) Corporate Initiatives, was reflecting on ICL’s internal ideation program, the Business Innovation for Growth (BIG) Accelerator. When Raviv Zoller became the CEO of ICL in 2018,... View Details
      Keywords: Change Management; Agribusiness; Accounting; Communication; Renewable Energy; Chemicals; Machinery and Machining; Metals and Minerals; Mining; Social Entrepreneurship; Corporate Entrepreneurship; Values and Beliefs; Environmental Sustainability; Natural Resources; Globalization; Information Technology; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Leadership; Organizational Culture; Personal Development and Career; Talent and Talent Management; Manufacturing Industry; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Chemical Industry; Israel; China; United States
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      Hill, Linda A., and Lydia Begag. "From 'BIG' Ideas to Sustainable Impact at ICL Group (A)." Harvard Business School Case 424-042, March 2024.
      • March 2024 (Revised April 2024)
      • Supplement

      From 'BIG' Ideas to Sustainable Impact at ICL Group (B)

      By: Linda A. Hill and Lydia Begag
      In August 2023, Raviv Zoller, CEO of ICL Group, discussed his upcoming business trip to St. Louis with Eduard Croitoru, VP of ICL Corporate Initiatives, to commemorate the construction of ICL's new $400 million advanced manufacturing facility. In preparation for the... View Details
      Keywords: Change Management; Agribusiness; Accounting; Communication; Renewable Energy; Chemicals; Machinery and Machining; Metals and Minerals; Mining; Social Entrepreneurship; Corporate Entrepreneurship; Values and Beliefs; Environmental Sustainability; Natural Resources; Globalization; Information Technology; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Leadership; Organizational Culture; Personal Development and Career; Partners and Partnerships; Manufacturing Industry; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Chemical Industry; Battery Industry; Israel; United States; China
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      Hill, Linda A., and Lydia Begag. "From 'BIG' Ideas to Sustainable Impact at ICL Group (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 424-043, March 2024. (Revised April 2024.)
      • February 2024
      • Supplement

      Seeds of Innovation: GALY's Quest to Cultivate the Future of Agriculture in the Lab

      By: George Serafeim
      In 2023, Luciano Bueno, CEO and founder of plant cell culture agriculture company GALY, was considering the best path forward for his company as he planned to pitch Series B investors. GALY, founded in 2019, aimed to produce cotton and other crops from cells grown in... View Details
      Keywords: Business Model; Green Technology; Goods and Commodities; Growth and Development Strategy; Science-Based Business; Entrepreneurship; Plant-Based Agribusiness; Business Startups; Decisions; Technological Innovation; Production; Entrepreneurial Finance; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Technology Industry; Boston; Sao Paulo
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      Serafeim, George. "Seeds of Innovation: GALY's Quest to Cultivate the Future of Agriculture in the Lab." Harvard Business School Multimedia/Video Supplement 124-705, February 2024.
      • February 2024
      • Supplement

      ReNew (B): A New Direction

      By: Gunnar Trumbull and Malini Sen
      The global renewables sector was in a slump, but the Indian market was booming. India’s largest renewable electricity generator, ReNew, faced a dilemma: it traded on the Nasdaq in New York, but saw huge opportunity in the Indian market. In response, CEO Sumant Sinha... View Details
      Keywords: Energy Generation; Renewable Energy; Entrepreneurship; Forecasting and Prediction; Trends; Transformation; Private Ownership; Environmental Sustainability; Mission and Purpose; Expansion; Market Entry and Exit; Energy Industry; Asia; India
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      Trumbull, Gunnar, and Malini Sen. "ReNew (B): A New Direction." Harvard Business School Supplement 724-032, February 2024.
      • January 2024
      • Supplement

      Frank Cornelissen: The Great Sulfite Debate (B)

      By: Tiona Zuzul and Susan Pinckney
      In 2018, artisanal Italian vineyard Frank Cornelissen was one of the world’s leading natural wine vineyards. Its founder, Frank Cornelissen, faced weather related conditions that forced him to have to decide between staying true to the tenets of the natural wine... View Details
      Keywords: Budgets and Budgeting; Business Earnings; Plant-Based Agribusiness; Business Startups; Family Business; For-Profit Firms; Small Business; Change Management; Transition; Communication; Cost vs Benefits; Decisions; Entrepreneurship; Environmental Sustainability; Values and Beliefs; Financial Management; Financial Strategy; Profit; Revenue; Spending; Global Strategy; Goods and Commodities; Innovation Strategy; Crisis Management; Goals and Objectives; Growth Management; Success; Strategic Planning; Problems and Challenges; Risk and Uncertainty; Cognition and Thinking; Reputation; Adoption; Expansion; Weather; Mission and Purpose; Food and Beverage Industry; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Europe; Italy
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      Zuzul, Tiona, and Susan Pinckney. "Frank Cornelissen: The Great Sulfite Debate (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 724-398, January 2024.
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