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      • Faculty Publications  (424)

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      • February 2023 (Revised March 2025)
      • Case

      Doing Business in Accra, Ghana

      By: Hakeem Belo-Osagie, Leonard Schlesinger and Namrata Arora
      This case examines the challenges and opportunities of doing business in Ghana. It highlights Ghana economic transformation in the decades leading up to 2024 in the context of its history, culture, and politics. The case gives an overview of some of the main obstacles... View Details
      Keywords: Business History; Business and Government Relations; Technological Innovation; Foreign Direct Investment; Economic Growth; Financial Crisis; Agribusiness; Food and Beverage Industry; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Ghana
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      Belo-Osagie, Hakeem, Leonard Schlesinger, and Namrata Arora. "Doing Business in Accra, Ghana." Harvard Business School Case 323-090, February 2023. (Revised March 2025.)
      • February 2023 (Revised February 2025)
      • Case

      Doing Business in Athens, Greece

      By: Alan D. MacCormack, Carlota Moniz and Emilie Billaud
      This case examines the challenges and opportunities of doing business in Greece. It highlights Greece's economic transformation in the decades leading up to 2023 in the context of its history, culture, and politics. The case gives an overview of some of the main... View Details
      Keywords: Business and Government Relations; Technological Innovation; Foreign Direct Investment; Economic Growth; Financial Crisis; Technology Industry; Tourism Industry; Shipping Industry; Greece; Athens
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      MacCormack, Alan D., Carlota Moniz, and Emilie Billaud. "Doing Business in Athens, Greece." Harvard Business School Case 323-100, February 2023. (Revised February 2025.)
      • February 2023 (Revised February 2024)
      • Case

      Doing Business in Istanbul, Turkey

      By: Prithwiraj Choudhury, Leonard A. Schlesinger, Namrata Arora and Umut Arslan
      This case examines the challenges and opportunities of doing business in Turkey. It highlights Turkey's economic transformation in the decades leading up to 2024 in the context of its history, culture, and politics. The case gives an overview of some of the main... View Details
      Keywords: Business History; Business and Government Relations; Technological Innovation; Foreign Direct Investment; Economic Growth; Financial Crisis; Technology Industry; Tourism Industry; Turkey
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      Choudhury, Prithwiraj, Leonard A. Schlesinger, Namrata Arora, and Umut Arslan. "Doing Business in Istanbul, Turkey." Harvard Business School Case 323-081, February 2023. (Revised February 2024.)
      • February 2023
      • Supplement

      Astyanax Kanakakis at norbloc: A Founder's Experience with the DIFC Fintech Hive

      By: Linda A. Hill and Lydia Begag
      norbloc was founded in 2016 in Stockholm, Sweden, by Astyanax Kanakakis and his co-founders, Vitalii Demianets and Sam Saatchi. Kanakakis and Demianets got to work to address a key gap in the industry: Know Your Customer (KYC) data sharing. As the first distributed KYC... View Details
      Keywords: Organizational Change and Adaptation; Organizational Design; Organizational Culture; Organizational Structure; Organizations; Leadership; Leadership Development; Leadership Style; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Digital Transformation; Digital Strategy; Digital Platforms; Technology Adoption; Technological Innovation; Corporate Entrepreneurship; Business and Government Relations; Business Startups; Financial Services Industry; Technology Industry; Banking Industry; Information Technology Industry; Sweden; Europe; Singapore; London; United Arab Emirates; Dubai; Middle East; Athens; Greece
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      Hill, Linda A., and Lydia Begag. "Astyanax Kanakakis at norbloc: A Founder's Experience with the DIFC Fintech Hive." Harvard Business School Supplement 423-066, February 2023.
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      Life After Death: A Field Experiment with Small Businesses on Information Frictions, Stigma, and Bankruptcy

      By: Shai Benjamin Bernstein, Emanuele Colonnelli, Mitchell Hoffman and Benjamin Iverson
      In a randomized control trial (RCT) with U.S. small businesses, we document that a large share of firms are not well-informed about bankruptcy. Many assume that bankruptcy necessarily entails the death of a business and do not know about Chapter 11 bankruptcy, where... View Details
      Keywords: Small Business; Insolvency and Bankruptcy; Knowledge Dissemination; Outcome or Result
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      Bernstein, Shai Benjamin, Emanuele Colonnelli, Mitchell Hoffman, and Benjamin Iverson. "Life After Death: A Field Experiment with Small Businesses on Information Frictions, Stigma, and Bankruptcy." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 30933, February 2023.
      • January 28, 2023
      • Article

      Will We Blame Self-Driving Cars? A New Study Finds That People Are Likely to Hold Autonomous Vehicles Liable for Accidents Even When They’re Not at Fault

      By: Julian De Freitas
      Keywords: Technological Innovation; Legal Liability; Trust; Perception; Auto Industry
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      De Freitas, Julian. "Will We Blame Self-Driving Cars? A New Study Finds That People Are Likely to Hold Autonomous Vehicles Liable for Accidents Even When They’re Not at Fault." Wall Street Journal (January 28, 2023), C5.
      • January 2023 (Revised November 2024)
      • Technical Note

      Legal Analysis: Labor Unions in the United States

      By: Reshmaan Hussam, Trevor Fetter and Grace Liu
      This note provides an overview of the regulation, mechanics, and history of labor unions in the United States, along with an overview of their place in the early 21st century. View Details
      Keywords: Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Labor Unions; History; United States
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      Hussam, Reshmaan, Trevor Fetter, and Grace Liu. "Legal Analysis: Labor Unions in the United States." Harvard Business School Technical Note 723-031, January 2023. (Revised November 2024.)
      • January 2023 (Revised August 2023)
      • Case

      Veeva Systems and the Transformation to a Public Benefit Corporation

      By: Ranjay Gulati and Allison M. Ciechanover
      Peter Gassner, the co-founder and CEO of Veeva Systems, steered the company through rapid scaling from its launch in 2007 to 2022. Year after year, the company had exceeded expectations, with its market capitalization reaching $50 billion at its peak. By 2022, the... View Details
      Keywords: Transformation; Corporate Governance; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Mission and Purpose; Organizational Culture; Information Technology Industry; Technology Industry; United States; California
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      Gulati, Ranjay, and Allison M. Ciechanover. "Veeva Systems and the Transformation to a Public Benefit Corporation." Harvard Business School Case 423-045, January 2023. (Revised August 2023.)
      • January 2023
      • Teaching Note

      The Opioid Settlement and Executive Pay at AmerisourceBergen

      By: Suraj Srinivasan and Li-Kuan Ni
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No 122-014. In 2020, AmerisourceBergen Corporation, a Fortune 50 company in the drug distribution industry, agreed to settle thousands of lawsuits filed nationwide against the company for its opioid distribution practices that critics alleged... View Details
      Keywords: Opioids; Shareholder Activism; Investment Activism; Corporate Accountability; Corporate Governance; Governance Compliance; Governance Controls; Executive Compensation; Risk Management; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Business and Shareholder Relations; Business and Stakeholder Relations; Distribution Industry; Health Industry; Pharmaceutical Industry; United States; West Virginia; Tennessee; Ohio; Pennsylvania
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      Srinivasan, Suraj, and Li-Kuan Ni. "The Opioid Settlement and Executive Pay at AmerisourceBergen." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 123-067, January 2023.
      • December 2022 (Revised February 2023)
      • Case

      Daniel Defense: Responding to the Shooting at the Robb Elementary School in Uvalde, TX

      By: Benjamin C. Esty and Daniel Fisher
      At 11:33am on May 24, 2022, an 18-year-old man from Uvalde, Texas walked into the Robb Elementary School carrying a semi-automatic "AR-15-style” rifle manufactured by Daniel Defense and killed 19 children and two adults. Three days later, Representative Carolyn Maloney... View Details
      Keywords: Gun Violence; Gun Policy; Second Amendment; Legal Liability; Government Legislation; Marketing Strategy; Business or Company Management; Product Marketing; Ethics; Corporate Accountability; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Moral Sensibility; Crime and Corruption; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Manufacturing Industry; Advertising Industry; United States
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      Esty, Benjamin C., and Daniel Fisher. "Daniel Defense: Responding to the Shooting at the Robb Elementary School in Uvalde, TX." Harvard Business School Case 323-058, December 2022. (Revised February 2023.)
      • December 2022 (Revised January 2023)
      • Case

      Cann: High Hopes for Cannabis Infused Beverages

      By: Ayelet Israeli and Anne V. Wilson
      Founded in 2018 by Jake Bullock and Luke Anderson, Cann sold “social tonics,” or cannabis-infused beverages. By 2022, the company had several notable celebrity investors and talent partners, had sold over 10 million beverages to consumers, was distributing in six... View Details
      Keywords: Stigma; Product Innovation; Product Introduction; Product Differentiation; New Products; New Product Marketing; New Product Management; Brand Management; Branding; Packaging; Positioning; Growth Strategy And Execution; Growth; Cannabis Industry; Purpose; Purpose Brands; LGBTQ; Direct-to-consumer; DTC; Regulations; Channels Of Distribution; Product Development; Product Marketing; Product Positioning; Product; Innovation and Invention; Brands and Branding; Marketing; Marketing Communications; Marketing Channels; Advertising; Advertising Campaigns; Digital Marketing; Market Entry and Exit; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Consumer Products Industry; Food and Beverage Industry; United States; Canada; North America
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      Israeli, Ayelet, and Anne V. Wilson. "Cann: High Hopes for Cannabis Infused Beverages." Harvard Business School Case 523-074, December 2022. (Revised January 2023.)
      • December 2022 (Revised May 2024)
      • Background Note

      Brief Note on Staggered Boards

      By: Lynn S. Paine and Will Hurwitz
      This background note discusses the evolution, use, and prevalence of staggered boards. By comparison with unitary boards whose members are all elected annually for one-year terms, staggered boards are divided into subsets of directors, with one subset up for election... View Details
      Keywords: Corporate Governance; Governing and Advisory Boards; Business History; Trends; Decision Choices and Conditions; United States
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      Paine, Lynn S., and Will Hurwitz. "Brief Note on Staggered Boards." Harvard Business School Background Note 323-040, December 2022. (Revised May 2024.)
      • 2022
      • Article

      Before Plagiarism: Lawyers and Copynorms in Europe, 1300–1600

      By: Robert Fredona and Sophus A. Reinert
      This essay uses the concept of 'copynorms', social norms about copying expressive works that can be distinct from legal norms about the same, in order to understand the meaning of intellectual property among Roman law and canon law jurists from the fourteenth through... View Details
      Keywords: Copyright; History; Europe
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      Fredona, Robert, and Sophus A. Reinert. "Before Plagiarism: Lawyers and Copynorms in Europe, 1300–1600." Rivista storica italiana 134, no. 3 (2022): 714–765.
      • November 2022
      • Case

      Wendy Estrella: Scaling Multiple Businesses

      By: Jeffrey J. Bussgang and Sarah Mehta
      Entrepreneur Wendy Estrella, a self-made, Latina millionaire based in Lawrence, Massachusetts, is attempting to simultaneously scale her law practice as well as her property management and development company. What path should she take for each and can she do it all,... View Details
      Keywords: Business Ventures; Change; Competency and Skills; Decision Making; Demographics; Entrepreneurship; Personal Development and Career; Legal Services Industry; Legal Services Industry; Massachusetts
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      Bussgang, Jeffrey J., and Sarah Mehta. "Wendy Estrella: Scaling Multiple Businesses." Harvard Business School Case 823-016, November 2022.
      • November 2022
      • Case

      The Battle Among Channels for Marketing Pharmaceuticals: UpScript, Pharmacy Benefit Managers, and Direct-to-Consumer Sales

      By: Regina E. Herzlinger and Tiffany Farrell
      Can an online, direct-to-consumer pharmacy both improve the quality and speed of care for patients who need branded drugs and stabilize profits for pharmaceutical manufacturers? UpScript, after years spent achieving legal and regulatory compliance and simultaneous... View Details
      Keywords: DTC; Internet and the Web; Marketing Channels; Customer Value and Value Chain; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Competitive Strategy; Service Delivery; Growth and Development Strategy; Pharmaceutical Industry; Health Industry; Retail Industry
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      Herzlinger, Regina E., and Tiffany Farrell. "The Battle Among Channels for Marketing Pharmaceuticals: UpScript, Pharmacy Benefit Managers, and Direct-to-Consumer Sales." Harvard Business School Case 323-031, November 2022.
      • 20 Oct 2022
      • Other Presentation

      4 Business Ideas That Changed the World: Shareholder Value

      By: Adi Ignatius, Lynn Paine, Mihir Desai and Carola Frydman
      A roundtable conversation appraises the 50-year reign of shareholder primacy and the growing backlash against it today.

      The idea that maximizing shareholder value takes legal and practical precedence above all else first came to prominence in the 1970s. The... View Details
      Keywords: Shareholder Value Maximization; Business and Shareholder Relations
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      "4 Business Ideas That Changed the World: Shareholder Value." HBR IdeaCast (podcast), Harvard Business Review Group, October 20, 2022.
      • October 2022 (Revised September 2023)
      • Case

      SolarWinds Confronts SUNBURST (A)

      By: Frank Nagle, George A. Riedel, William R. Kerr and David Lane
      On December 12, 2020, SolarWinds learned that malware had been inserted in its software, potentially granting hackers access to thousands and thousands of its 300,000 customers. General Counsel Jason Bliss needed to orchestrate the company response without knowing how... View Details
      Keywords: Cyberattacks; Cybersecurity; Corporate Disclosure; Crisis Management; Customer Focus and Relationships; Legal Liability; Information Technology Industry; United States
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      Nagle, Frank, George A. Riedel, William R. Kerr, and David Lane. "SolarWinds Confronts SUNBURST (A)." Harvard Business School Case 723-357, October 2022. (Revised September 2023.)
      • October 2022 (Revised September 2023)
      • Supplement

      SolarWinds Confronts SUNBURST (B)

      By: Frank Nagle, George A. Riedel, William R. Kerr and David Lane
      Supplements the (A) case, describing actions taken by SolarWinds as well as by regulatory agencies in the aftermath of the immediate crisis. The case also includes reflections by SolarWinds managers on the choices they made with respect to disclosure, media relations,... View Details
      Keywords: Cyberattacks; Cybersecurity; Corporate Disclosure; Crisis Management; Customer Focus and Relationships; Legal Liability; Governance Compliance; Business and Government Relations; Information Technology Industry; United States
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      Nagle, Frank, George A. Riedel, William R. Kerr, and David Lane. "SolarWinds Confronts SUNBURST (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 723-368, October 2022. (Revised September 2023.)
      • 2022
      • Book

      Corporate Criminal Investigations and Prosecutions

      By: Leo R. Tsao, Daniel S. Kahn and Eugene F. Soltes
      Over the past two decades, corporate criminal liability has developed into one of the fastest-growing and most dynamic areas of legal practice. The growth of corporate criminal enforcement has correlated with a broad shift in how the government investigates and... View Details
      Keywords: Criminal Investigations; Crime and Corruption; Legal Liability
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      Tsao, Leo R., Daniel S. Kahn, and Eugene F. Soltes. Corporate Criminal Investigations and Prosecutions. Aspen Publishing, 2022.
      • September 2022
      • Article

      Regulatory Spillover and Workplace Racial Inequality

      By: Letian Zhang
      This paper suggests that affirmative action bans in the U.S. public sector may influence racial inequality in the private sector. Since the 1990s, nine states have banned affirmative action practice in public universities and state governments. Though these bans have... View Details
      Keywords: Inequality; Regulation; Law; Organizational Norm; CEO; Affirmative Action; Organizations; Private Sector; Equality and Inequality; Diversity; Race; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms
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      Zhang, Letian. "Regulatory Spillover and Workplace Racial Inequality." Administrative Science Quarterly 67, no. 3 (September 2022): 595–629.
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