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      • March 2021
      • Case

      VideaHealth: Building the AI Factory

      By: Karim R. Lakhani and Amy Klopfenstein
      Florian Hillen, co-founder and CEO of VideaHealth, a startup that used artificial intelligence (AI) to detect dental conditions on x-rays, spent the early years of his company laying the groundwork for an AI factory. A process for quickly building and iterating on new... View Details
      Keywords: Artificial Intelligence; Innovation and Invention; Disruptive Innovation; Technological Innovation; Information Technology; Applications and Software; Technology Adoption; Digital Platforms; Entrepreneurship; AI and Machine Learning; Technology Industry; Medical Devices and Supplies Industry; North and Central America; United States; Massachusetts; Cambridge
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      Lakhani, Karim R., and Amy Klopfenstein. "VideaHealth: Building the AI Factory." Harvard Business School Case 621-021, March 2021.
      • September 2020 (Revised February 2024)
      • Teaching Note

      Artea (A), (B), (C), and (D): Designing Targeting Strategies

      By: Eva Ascarza and Ayelet Israeli
      Teaching Note for HBS No. 521-021,521-022,521-037,521-043. This collection of exercises aims to teach students about 1)Targeting Policies; and 2)Algorithmic bias in marketing—implications, causes, and possible solutions. Part (A) focuses on A/B testing analysis and... View Details
      Keywords: Targeted Advertising; Targeting; Race; Gender; Diversity; Marketing; Customer Relationship Management; Prejudice and Bias; Analytics and Data Science; Retail Industry; Apparel and Accessories Industry; Technology Industry; United States
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      Ascarza, Eva, and Ayelet Israeli. "Artea (A), (B), (C), and (D): Designing Targeting Strategies." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 521-041, September 2020. (Revised February 2024.)
      • September 2020 (Revised July 2022)
      • Exercise

      Artea (B): Including Customer-Level Demographic Data

      By: Eva Ascarza and Ayelet Israeli
      This collection of exercises aims to teach students about 1)Targeting Policies; and 2)Algorithmic bias in marketing—implications, causes, and possible solutions. Part (A) focuses on A/B testing analysis and targeting. Parts (B),(C),(D) Introduce algorithmic bias. The... View Details
      Keywords: Targeting; Algorithmic Bias; Race; Gender; Marketing; Diversity; Customer Relationship Management; Demographics; Prejudice and Bias; Retail Industry; Apparel and Accessories Industry; Technology Industry; United States
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      Ascarza, Eva, and Ayelet Israeli. "Artea (B): Including Customer-Level Demographic Data." Harvard Business School Exercise 521-022, September 2020. (Revised July 2022.)
      • September 2020 (Revised July 2022)
      • Exercise

      Artea (C): Potential Discrimination through Algorithmic Targeting

      By: Eva Ascarza and Ayelet Israeli
      This collection of exercises aims to teach students about 1)Targeting Policies; and 2)Algorithmic bias in marketing—implications, causes, and possible solutions. Part (A) focuses on A/B testing analysis and targeting. Parts (B),(C),(D) Introduce algorithmic bias. The... View Details
      Keywords: Targeting; Algorithmic Bias; Race; Gender; Marketing; Diversity; Customer Relationship Management; Prejudice and Bias; Retail Industry; Apparel and Accessories Industry; Technology Industry; United States
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      Ascarza, Eva, and Ayelet Israeli. "Artea (C): Potential Discrimination through Algorithmic Targeting." Harvard Business School Exercise 521-037, September 2020. (Revised July 2022.)
      • September 2020 (Revised July 2022)
      • Exercise

      Artea (D): Discrimination through Algorithmic Bias in Targeting

      By: Eva Ascarza and Ayelet Israeli
      This collection of exercises aims to teach students about 1)Targeting Policies; and 2)Algorithmic bias in marketing—implications, causes, and possible solutions. Part (A) focuses on A/B testing analysis and targeting. Parts (B),(C),(D) Introduce algorithmic bias. The... View Details
      Keywords: Targeted Advertising; Discrimination; Algorithmic Data; Bias; Advertising; Race; Gender; Marketing; Diversity; Customer Relationship Management; Prejudice and Bias; Analytics and Data Science; Retail Industry; Apparel and Accessories Industry; Technology Industry; United States
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      Ascarza, Eva, and Ayelet Israeli. "Artea (D): Discrimination through Algorithmic Bias in Targeting." Harvard Business School Exercise 521-043, September 2020. (Revised July 2022.)
      • September 2020 (Revised June 2023)
      • Exercise

      Artea: Designing Targeting Strategies

      By: Eva Ascarza and Ayelet Israeli
      This collection of exercises aims to teach students about 1)Targeting Policies; and 2)Algorithmic bias in marketing—implications, causes, and possible solutions. Part (A) focuses on A/B testing analysis and targeting. Parts (B),(C),(D) Introduce algorithmic bias. The... View Details
      Keywords: Algorithmic Data; Race And Ethnicity; Experimentation; Promotion; "Marketing Analytics"; Marketing And Society; Big Data; Privacy; Data-driven Management; Data Analytics; Data Analysis; E-Commerce Strategy; Discrimination; Targeted Advertising; Targeted Policies; Targeting; Pricing Algorithms; A/B Testing; Ethical Decision Making; Customer Base Analysis; Customer Heterogeneity; Coupons; Algorithmic Bias; Marketing; Race; Gender; Diversity; Customer Relationship Management; Marketing Communications; Advertising; Decision Making; Ethics; E-commerce; Analytics and Data Science; Retail Industry; Apparel and Accessories Industry; United States
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      Ascarza, Eva, and Ayelet Israeli. "Artea: Designing Targeting Strategies." Harvard Business School Exercise 521-021, September 2020. (Revised June 2023.)
      • September 2020 (Revised June 2023)
      • Supplement

      Spreadsheet Supplement to Artea Teaching Note

      By: Eva Ascarza and Ayelet Israeli
      Spreadsheet Supplement to Artea Teaching Note 521-041. This collection of exercises aims to teach students about 1)Targeting Policies; and 2)Algorithmic bias in marketing—implications, causes, and possible solutions. Part (A) focuses on A/B testing analysis and... View Details
      Keywords: Targeted Advertising; Algorithmic Data; Bias; Advertising; Race; Gender; Diversity; Marketing; Customer Relationship Management; Prejudice and Bias; Analytics and Data Science; Retail Industry; Apparel and Accessories Industry; Technology Industry; United States
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      Ascarza, Eva, and Ayelet Israeli. "Spreadsheet Supplement to Artea Teaching Note." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 521-705, September 2020. (Revised June 2023.)
      • September 2020
      • Article

      Customer Supercharging in Experience-Centric Channels

      By: David R. Bell, Santiago Gallino and Antonio Moreno
      We conjecture that for online retailers, experience-centric offline store formats do not simply expand market coverage, but rather, serve to significantly amplify future positive customer behaviors, both online and offline. We term this phenomenon “supercharging” and... View Details
      Keywords: Retail Operations; Marketing-operations Interface; Omnichannel Retailing; Experience Attributes; Quasi-experimental Methods; Operations; Internet and the Web; Marketing Channels; Consumer Behavior; Retail Industry
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      Bell, David R., Santiago Gallino, and Antonio Moreno. "Customer Supercharging in Experience-Centric Channels." Management Science 66, no. 9 (September 2020).
      • Article

      Forgoing Earned Incentives to Signal Pure Motives

      By: Erika L. Kirgios, Edward H. Chang, Emma E. Levine, Katherine L. Milkman and Judd B. Kessler
      Policy makers, employers, and insurers often provide financial incentives to encourage citizens, employees, and customers to take actions that are good for them or for society (e.g., energy conservation, healthy living, safe driving). Although financial incentives are... View Details
      Keywords: Incentives; Motivation Laundering; Self-signaling; Motivation and Incentives; Behavior; Perception
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      Kirgios, Erika L., Edward H. Chang, Emma E. Levine, Katherine L. Milkman, and Judd B. Kessler. "Forgoing Earned Incentives to Signal Pure Motives." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 29 (July 21, 2020): 16891–16897.
      • March–April 2020
      • Article

      Avoid the Pitfalls of A/B Testing

      By: Iavor I. Bojinov, Guillaume Sait-Jacques and Martin Tingley
      Online experiments measuring whether “A,” usually the current approach, is inferior to “B,” a proposed improvement, have become integral to the product-development cycle, especially at digital enterprises. But often firms make serious mistakes in conducting these... View Details
      Keywords: A/B Testing; Experiment Design; Social Networks; Product Development; Performance Improvement; Measurement and Metrics; Social Media
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      Bojinov, Iavor I., Guillaume Sait-Jacques, and Martin Tingley. "Avoid the Pitfalls of A/B Testing." Harvard Business Review 98, no. 2 (March–April 2020): 48–53.
      • March–April 2020
      • Article

      Building A Culture of Experimentation

      By: Stefan Thomke
      Why don’t organizations test more? After examining this question for several years, I can tell you that the central reason is culture. As companies try to scale up their experimentation capacity, they often find that the obstacles are not tools and technology but... View Details
      Keywords: Experimentation; Culture; Innovation; Online; Customer Experience; Organizational Culture; Innovation and Invention; Internet and the Web; Attitudes; Decision Making; Change; Leadership
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      Thomke, Stefan. "Building A Culture of Experimentation." Harvard Business Review 98, no. 2 (March–April 2020): 40–48.
      • 2020
      • Book

      Experimentation Works: The Surprising Power of Business Experiments

      By: Stefan Thomke
      Don’t fly blind. See how the power of experiments works for you. When it comes to improving customer experiences, trying out new business models, or developing new products, even the most experienced managers often get it wrong. They discover that intuition,... View Details
      Keywords: Experimentation; Experiments; Market Research; Innovation and Invention; Innovation and Management; Customers; Research
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      Thomke, Stefan. Experimentation Works: The Surprising Power of Business Experiments. Boston, MA: Harvard Business Review Press, 2020.
      • February 2020
      • Article

      Why Prosocial Referral Incentives Work: The Interplay of Reputational Benefits and Action Costs

      By: Rachel Gershon, Cynthia Cryder and Leslie K. John
      While selfish incentives typically outperform prosocial incentives, in the context of customer referral rewards, prosocial incentives can be more effective. Companies frequently offer “selfish” (i.e., sender-benefiting) referral incentives, offering customers financial... View Details
      Keywords: Incentives; Prosocial Behavior; Judgment And Decision-making; Referral Rewards; Motivation and Incentives; Consumer Behavior; Decision Making
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      Gershon, Rachel, Cynthia Cryder, and Leslie K. John. "Why Prosocial Referral Incentives Work: The Interplay of Reputational Benefits and Action Costs." Journal of Marketing Research (JMR) 57, no. 1 (February 2020): 156–172.
      • 2019
      • Article

      Overcoming Cultural Resistance to Open Source Innovation

      By: John Winsor, Jin Hyun Paik, Michael Tushman and Karim R. Lakhani
      Purpose: This article offers insight on how to effectively help incumbent organizations prepare for global business shifts to open source and digital business models.
      Design/methodology/approach: Discussion related to observation, experience and case studies... View Details
      Keywords: Open Source Innovation; Organizational Culture; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Business Model; Technological Innovation; Collaborative Innovation and Invention
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      Winsor, John, Jin Hyun Paik, Michael Tushman, and Karim R. Lakhani. "Overcoming Cultural Resistance to Open Source Innovation." Strategy & Leadership 47, no. 6 (2019): 28–33.
      • July 2019
      • Case

      Autonomous Vehicles: Smooth or Bumpy Ride Ahead?

      By: Elie Ofek and Akhil Waghmare
      In early 2019, transportation was set to undergo a major transformation with the advent of autonomous vehicles (AVs), also referred to as driverless cars, which were nearing completion from an R&D and testing phase. Yet many questions remained open regarding exactly... View Details
      Keywords: Transportation; Technological Innovation; Disruptive Innovation; Transformation; Technology Adoption; Business Model; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Transportation Industry; Auto Industry
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      Ofek, Elie, and Akhil Waghmare. "Autonomous Vehicles: Smooth or Bumpy Ride Ahead?" Harvard Business School Case 520-008, July 2019.
      • January 2019 (Revised February 2024)
      • Teaching Note

      Hubble Contact Lenses: Data Driven Direct-to-Consumer Marketing

      By: Ayelet Israeli
      Teaching Note for HBS No. 519-011. As its Series A extension round approaches, the founders of Hubble, a subscription-based, social-media fueled, direct-to-consumer (DTC) brand of contact lenses, are reflecting on the marketing strategies that have taken them to a... View Details
      Keywords: DTC; Direct To Consumer Marketing; Health Care; Mobile; Attribution; Experimentation; Experiments; Churn/retention; Customer Lifetime Value; Internet Marketing; Big Data; Analytics; A/B Testing; CRM; Advertising; Marketing; Marketing Channels; Marketing Strategy; Media; Brands and Branding; Marketing Communications; Digital Marketing; Acquisition; Growth and Development Strategy; Customer Focus and Relationships; Consumer Behavior; Social Media; E-commerce
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      Israeli, Ayelet. "Hubble Contact Lenses: Data Driven Direct-to-Consumer Marketing." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 519-056, January 2019. (Revised February 2024.)
      • October 2018
      • Case

      Booking.com

      By: Stefan Thomke and Daniela Beyersdorfer
      The case reveals how Booking.com has become the world's leading travel accommodation platform. The company has put online experimentation at the heart of how it designs digital experiences for its customers and partners. To unlock the potential of large-scale testing,... View Details
      Keywords: Travel; Product Innovation; Experimentation; A/B Testing; User Experience Design; Product Development; Product Design; Innovation and Management; Transformation; Information Technology; Digital Transformation; Travel Industry
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      Thomke, Stefan, and Daniela Beyersdorfer. "Booking.com." Harvard Business School Case 619-015, October 2018.
      • September 2018 (Revised May 2021)
      • Teaching Plan

      Eastern Bank: Innovating Through Eastern Labs

      By: Karen Mills, Dennis Campbell and Aaron Mukerjee
      Eastern Bank is a 200-year-old New England mutual bank with a community focus. Eastern specializes in small business lending, having made strategic investments to become the top SBA lender in New England in the midst of the Great Recession, when other banks were... View Details
      Keywords: Banks; Fintech; Innovation; Innovation & Entrepreneurship; Innovation And Strategy; Technological Change; Technology And Innovation Management; Entrepreneurial Management; Intrapreneurship; Banks and Banking; Innovation and Invention; Entrepreneurship; Innovation Strategy; Technological Innovation; Information Technology; Management
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      Mills, Karen, Dennis Campbell, and Aaron Mukerjee. "Eastern Bank: Innovating Through Eastern Labs." Harvard Business School Teaching Plan 319-037, September 2018. (Revised May 2021.)
      • August 2018 (Revised October 2019)
      • Case

      C3.ai—Driven to Succeed

      By: Robert Simons and George Gonzalez
      CEO Tom Siebel navigates his artificial intelligence (ai) startup through a series of pivots, market expansions, and even an elephant attack to become a leading platform ad service provider. The case describes his unusual management approach emphasizing employee... View Details
      Keywords: Strategy Execution; Performance Measurement; Critical Performance Variables; Strategic Boundaries; Internet Of Things; Artificial Intelligence; Software Development; Big Data; Machine Learning; Business Startups; Management Style; Business Strategy; Performance; Measurement and Metrics; Organizational Culture; AI and Machine Learning; Digital Transformation; Applications and Software; Digital Marketing; Analytics and Data Science; Technology Industry; United States; California
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      Simons, Robert, and George Gonzalez. "C3.ai—Driven to Succeed." Harvard Business School Case 119-004, August 2018. (Revised October 2019.)
      • August 2018 (Revised February 2023)
      • Case

      Hubble Contact Lenses: Data Driven Direct-to-Consumer Marketing

      By: Jill Avery and Ayelet Israeli
      As its Series A extension round approaches, the founders of Hubble, a subscription-based, social-media fueled, direct-to-consumer (DTC) brand of contact lenses, are reflecting on the marketing strategies that have taken them to a valuation of $200 million and debating... View Details
      Keywords: DTC; Direct To Consumer Marketing; Health Care; Mobile; Attribution; Experimentation; Experiments; Churn/retention; Customer Lifetime Value; Internet Marketing; Big Data; Analytics; A/B Testing; CRM; Advertising; Marketing; Marketing Channels; Marketing Strategy; Media; Brands and Branding; Marketing Communications; Digital Marketing; Consumer Behavior; Acquisition; Growth and Development Strategy; Customer Focus and Relationships; Social Media; E-commerce; Analytics and Data Science; Health Industry; Consumer Products Industry; United States; North America; Europe
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      Avery, Jill, and Ayelet Israeli. "Hubble Contact Lenses: Data Driven Direct-to-Consumer Marketing." Harvard Business School Case 519-011, August 2018. (Revised February 2023.)
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