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    • All HBS Web  (536)
      • Faculty Publications  (57)

      Performance PressureRemove Performance Pressure →

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      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Performance Capital Flows in DC Pensions

      By: Bryan Gutierrez Cortez, Victoria Ivashina and Juliana Salomao
      Are defined contribution (DC) pension funds' capital flows sensitive to performance? We examine pressures from individual account holders who can switch their pension managers. Using novel data on retirement accounts for nearly 10 million individuals, we analyze... View Details
      Keywords: Investment Funds; Retirement; Risk and Uncertainty; Financial Management; Investment Portfolio; Financial Services Industry
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      Gutierrez Cortez, Bryan, Victoria Ivashina, and Juliana Salomao. "Performance Capital Flows in DC Pensions." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 33693, April 2025.
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      The Stock Market and Bank Risk-Taking

      By: David S. Scharfstein and Antonio Falato
      Using confidential supervisory risk ratings, we document that banks increase risk after they go public compared to a control group of banks that filed to go public but withdrew their filings for plausibly exogenous reasons. The increase in risk increases short-term... View Details
      Keywords: Risk and Uncertainty; Banks and Banking; Going Public; Performance; Stocks
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      Scharfstein, David S., and Antonio Falato. "The Stock Market and Bank Risk-Taking." Working Paper, September 2023.
      • 2023
      • Article

      Conduit Incentives: Eliciting Cooperation from Workers Outside of Managers' Control

      By: Susanna Gallani
      Can managers use monetary incentives to elicit cooperation from workers they cannot reward for their efforts? I study “conduit incentives,” an innovative incentive design, whereby managers influence bonus-ineligible workers’ effort by offering bonus-eligible employees... View Details
      Keywords: Organizational Behavior Modification; Peer Monitoring; Persistence Of Performance Improvements; Crowding Out; Implicit Incentives; Compensation; Healthcare; Social Pressure; Image Motivation; Incentives; Motivation; Performance; Behavior; Motivation and Incentives; Compensation and Benefits; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Organizational Culture; Health Industry; California
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      Gallani, Susanna. "Conduit Incentives: Eliciting Cooperation from Workers Outside of Managers' Control." Accounting Review 93, no. 3 (2023): 1–28.
      • September 2021 (Revised December 2021)
      • Case

      STARZPLAY: Shooting for the Stars

      By: Elie Ofek, Marco Bertini and Alpana Thapar
      In mid-2021, Maaz Sheikh, cofounder and CEO of STARZPLAY, a Dubai-based subscription video on demand (SVOD) provider that catered to the Middle East and North Africa region, was wrestling with how to find the right balance between continued subscriber growth and... View Details
      Keywords: Pricing; Growth; Profitability; Subscription Business; Business Model Innovation; Fintech; Subscription; Performance Measurement; Promotions; International Marketing; Streaming; Competition; Marketing; Price; Strategy; Entrepreneurship; Performance; Measurement and Metrics; Business Model; Media and Broadcasting Industry; Middle East; North Africa
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      Ofek, Elie, Marco Bertini, and Alpana Thapar. "STARZPLAY: Shooting for the Stars." Harvard Business School Case 522-005, September 2021. (Revised December 2021.)
      • November 2020
      • Article

      When the Boss Comes to Town: The Effects of Headquarters' Visits on Facility-Level Misconduct

      By: Jonas Heese and Gerardo Pérez Cavazos
      We study the effects of headquarters’ visits on facility-level misconduct. We use the staggered introduction of airline routes to identify exogenous travel-time reductions between headquarters and facilities and test whether such reductions affect facility-level... View Details
      Keywords: Corporate Misconduct; Visits By Management; Flight Routes; Control Systems; Compliance Programs; Performance Pressure; Business or Company Management; Management Systems; Governance Controls; Governance Compliance; Performance Expectations
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      Heese, Jonas, and Gerardo Pérez Cavazos. "When the Boss Comes to Town: The Effects of Headquarters' Visits on Facility-Level Misconduct." Accounting Review 95, no. 6 (November 2020): 235–261.
      • 2020
      • Article

      Research on Corporate Sustainability: Review and Directions for Future Research

      By: Jody Grewal and George Serafeim
      We review the literature on corporate sustainability and provide directions for future research. Our review focuses on three actions: measuring, managing and communicating corporate sustainability performance. Measurement is the least developed of the three and... View Details
      Keywords: Sustainability; Sustainability Reporting; Sustainability Management; Nonfinancial Disclosure; Nonfinancial Information; Nonfinancial Performance; Materiality; ESG; ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) Performance; ESG Disclosure; ESG Disclosure Metrics; ESG Ratings; ESG Reporting; Inequality; Corporate Social Responsibility; Accounting; Finance; Management; Strategy; Environmental Sustainability; Climate Change; Diversity; Equality and Inequality; Corporate Disclosure; Measurement and Metrics; Corporate Governance; Corporate Accountability; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact
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      Grewal, Jody, and George Serafeim. "Research on Corporate Sustainability: Review and Directions for Future Research." Foundations and Trends® in Accounting 14, no. 2 (2020): 73–127.
      • July 2019
      • Case

      Christmas Inc. (A)

      By: Susanna Gallani, Gregory Sabin, Lexor Adams and Nicholas Haberling
      Santa Claus is facing increasing pressures to contain costs. The economic model that has worked for centuries is starting to show some cracks, to the point that he is considering outsourcing part of its toy production. Evaluating the bids his team collected from... View Details
      Keywords: Costing; Production; Cost; Analysis; Decision Making; Strategy
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      Gallani, Susanna, Gregory Sabin, Lexor Adams, and Nicholas Haberling. "Christmas Inc. (A)." Harvard Business School Case 120-009, July 2019.
      • 2018
      • Working Paper

      Corporate Sustainability: A Strategy?

      By: George Serafeim
      We explore the conditions under which firms maintain their competitive advantage through sustainability-based differentiation when faced with imitation pressures by industry peers. We document growing intraindustry convergence on sustainability actions over time for... View Details
      Keywords: Sustainability; Corporate Performance; Industry Analysis; CSR; ESG; ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) Performance; Environment; Social Responsibility; Strategy And Execution; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Environmental Sustainability; Strategy; Performance; Corporate Strategy
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      Ioannou, Ioannis, and George Serafeim. "Corporate Sustainability: A Strategy?" Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 19-065, January 2019. (Revised April 2021.)
      • January–February 2019
      • Article

      Who Loses When a Team Wins? Better Performance Increases Racial Bias

      By: Letian Zhang
      Although it is well known that organizational and team performance influences strategic decision-making, little is known about its impact on ascriptive inequality. This study proposes a performance effect on racial bias: higher team performance reduces managers’... View Details
      Keywords: Discrimination; Race And Ethnicity; Performance Feedback; NBA; Prejudice and Bias; Race; Ethnicity; Performance; Sports
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      Zhang, Letian. "Who Loses When a Team Wins? Better Performance Increases Racial Bias." Organization Science 30, no. 1 (January–February 2019): 40–50.
      • Article

      The Business Case for Curiosity

      By: Francesca Gino
      Although leaders might say they value inquisitive minds, in reality most stifle curiosity, fearing it will increase risk and inefficiency. Harvard Business School’s Francesca Gino elaborates on the benefits of and common barriers to curiosity in the workplace and... View Details
      Keywords: Organizational Culture; Employees; Creativity; Cognition and Thinking; Learning; Decision Making; Performance Effectiveness
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      Gino, Francesca. "The Business Case for Curiosity." Harvard Business Review 96, no. 5 (September–October 2018): 48–57.
      • August 2018
      • Background Note

      Note on Hackathons

      By: Ethan Bernstein
      Organizations have often sought to meet the pressures of rapid change through novel ways of managing human capital to boost innovation and productivity. Hackathons have emerged as one of the latest approaches to do just that. How can those responsible for managing... View Details
      Keywords: Hackathon; Crowdsourcing; Hack; Innovation; Productivity; Minimum Viable Product; Time; Transparency; Bootcamp; Design; Entrepreneurship; Human Resources; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Innovation and Management; Management; Organizational Structure; Performance Productivity; Technology; Technology Industry
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      Bernstein, Ethan. "Note on Hackathons." Harvard Business School Background Note 419-021, August 2018.
      • March 2018 (Revised September 2019)
      • Case

      Chewy.com (A)

      By: Jeffrey F. Rayport and Matthew G. Preble
      In late 2013, Ryan Cohen, cofounder and CEO of online pet products retailer Chewy.com, faces a “bet the company decision”—whether to stay with a third-party logistics provider (3PL) for all of its e-commerce fulfillment or to take the function in house. Cohen worries... View Details
      Keywords: Pet Food; Pet Products; Retail; Growth and Development Strategy; Service Operations; Decision Choices and Conditions; E-commerce; Retail Industry; Service Industry; Florida; United States
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      Rayport, Jeffrey F., and Matthew G. Preble. "Chewy.com (A)." Harvard Business School Case 818-079, March 2018. (Revised September 2019.)
      • March 2018
      • Case

      Affinity Plus: Priorities and Performance Pressures

      By: Dennis Campbell, Tatiana Sandino and Kyle Thomas
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      Campbell, Dennis, Tatiana Sandino, and Kyle Thomas. "Affinity Plus: Priorities and Performance Pressures." Harvard Business School Case 118-087, March 2018.
      • November 2016 (Revised December 2016)
      • Module Note

      Strategy Execution Module 13: Identifying Strategic Risk

      By: Robert Simons
      This module reading begins by describing the three sources of strategic risk—operations risk, asset impairment risk, and competitive risk—and demonstrates how these risks can undermine an entire business. To assist in the identification of these risks, the risk... View Details
      Keywords: Management Control Systems; Implementing Strategy; Execution; Risk Assessment; Operational Control; Asset Impairment; Franchise Risk; Fraud; Strategy; Information Management
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      Simons, Robert. "Strategy Execution Module 13: Identifying Strategic Risk." Harvard Business School Module Note 117-113, November 2016. (Revised December 2016.)
      • May 2016 (Revised August 2022)
      • Case

      RegionFly: Cutting Costs in the Airline Industry

      By: Susanna Gallani and Eva Labro
      RegionFly is a small, private airline specializing in ultra-premium services. Founded shortly after the "Golden Age of airline travel," RegionFly's financial performance had been strong for several decades. More recently, however, the results have taken a downward... View Details
      Keywords: Recession; Downsizing; Profitability; Cost Management; Profit; Luxury; Competitive Strategy; Mergers and Acquisitions; Business Divisions; Logistics; Decision Making; Strategic Planning; Air Transportation Industry
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      Gallani, Susanna, and Eva Labro. "RegionFly: Cutting Costs in the Airline Industry." Harvard Business School Case 116-047, May 2016. (Revised August 2022.)
      • March–April 2016
      • Article

      Scrutiny, Norms, and Selective Disclosure: A Global Study of Greenwashing

      By: Christopher Marquis, Michael W. Toffel and Yanhua Zhou
      Under increased pressure to report environmental impacts, some firms selectively disclose relatively benign impacts, creating an impression of transparency while masking their true performance. We identify key company- and country-level factors that limit firms' use of... View Details
      Keywords: Disclosure Strategy; Disclosure; Environmental Performance; Environmental Strategy; Environment; Symbolic; Reporting; Corporate Disclosure; Integrated Corporate Reporting; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact
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      Marquis, Christopher, Michael W. Toffel, and Yanhua Zhou. "Scrutiny, Norms, and Selective Disclosure: A Global Study of Greenwashing." Organization Science 27, no. 2 (March–April 2016): 483–504. (Formerly titled "When Do Firms Greenwash? Corporate Visibility, Civil Society Scrutiny, and Environmental Disclosure.")
      • November 2015 (Revised February 2016)
      • Case

      Allianz Turkey: Focus on the Customer (A)

      By: W. Earl Sasser and Gamze Yucaoglu
      At the age of 39, Solmaz Altın took over the helm at Allianz Turkey. Solmaz quickly realized that, although the insurance market was thinly penetrated in Turkey, the company was operating in a very competitive environment with pressure on prices and, hence, cost... View Details
      Keywords: Service Excellence; Customer Experience; Customer Service; Emerging Market; Customer Focus; Net Promoter Score; Customer Relationship Management; Competition; Leading Change; Service Operations; Emerging Markets; Customer Satisfaction; Insurance Industry; Turkey
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      Sasser, W. Earl, and Gamze Yucaoglu. "Allianz Turkey: Focus on the Customer (A)." Harvard Business School Case 316-093, November 2015. (Revised February 2016.)
      • November 2015 (Revised February 2016)
      • Supplement

      Allianz Turkey: Focus on the Customer (B)

      By: W. Earl Sasser and Gamze Yucaoglu
      At the age of 39, Solmaz Altın took over the helm at Allianz Turkey. Solmaz quickly realized that, although the insurance market was thinly penetrated in Turkey, the company was operating in a very competitive environment with pressure on prices and, hence, cost... View Details
      Keywords: Service Excellence; Customer Experience; Customer Service; Emerging Market; Customer Focus; Net Promoter Score; Customer Relationship Management; Competition; Leading Change; Service Operations; Emerging Markets; Customer Satisfaction; Insurance Industry; Turkey
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      Sasser, W. Earl, and Gamze Yucaoglu. "Allianz Turkey: Focus on the Customer (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 316-094, November 2015. (Revised February 2016.)
      • September 2015
      • Case

      Eco7: Launching a New Motor Oil

      By: John Quelch and Sunru Yong
      Aaron Jonnerson, vice president of marketing at the automotive division of Avellin, must make marketing mix decisions for the launch of Eco7, a new environmentally-friendly motor oil. The company's performance has been mediocre, shareholder pressure is increasing, and... View Details
      Keywords: Distribution Channels; Environmental Sustainability; Product Launch; Transportation; Energy Sources; Auto Industry
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      Quelch, John, and Sunru Yong. "Eco7: Launching a New Motor Oil." Harvard Business School Brief Case 916-507, September 2015.
      • May–June 2015
      • Other Article

      HRM at a Crossroads: Comments on 'Evolution of Strategic HRM Through Two Founding Books: A 30th Anniversary Perspective on Development of the Field'

      By: Michael Beer
      I agree with Bruce Kaufman's evaluation of the HRM field and the danger to its relevance if change does not take place in the field's almost exclusive use of normal science, lack of focus on organizational change and development and indifference to the development of... View Details
      Keywords: Management; Performance; Human Resources
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      Beer, Michael. "HRM at a Crossroads: Comments on 'Evolution of Strategic HRM Through Two Founding Books: A 30th Anniversary Perspective on Development of the Field'." Human Resource Management 54, no. 3 (May–June 2015): 417–421.
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