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Article

Going It Alone: Competition Increases the Attractiveness of Minority Status

By: Erika L. Kirgios, Edward H. Chang and Katherine L. Milkman

Past research demonstrates that people prefer to affiliate with others who resemble them demographically. However, we posit that when competing for scarce opportunities, strategic considerations moderate the strength of this tendency toward homophily. Across six... View Details

Keywords: Homophily; Group Selection; Diversity; Gender; Race; Competition

Article

Diversity Thresholds: How Social Norms, Visibility, and Scrutiny Relate to Group Composition

By: Edward H. Chang, Katherine L. Milkman, Dolly Chugh and Modupe Akinola

Across a field study and four experiments, we examine how social norms and scrutiny affect decisions about adding members of underrepresented populations (e.g., women, racial minorities) to groups. When groups are scrutinized, we theorize that decision makers strive to... View Details

Keywords: Social Norms; Impression Management; Groups and Teams; Governing and Advisory Boards; Diversity; Gender; Decision Making

July–August 2013
Article

Looking Up and Looking Out: Career Mobility Effects of Demographic Similarity among Professionals

By: Kathleen L. McGinn and Katherine L. Milkman

We investigate the role of workgroup sex and race composition on the career mobility of professionals in "up-or-out" organizations. We develop a nuanced perspective on the potential career mobility effects of workgroup demography by integrating the social... View Details

Keywords: Professional Service Firms; Race And Ethnicity; Ethnicity; Race; Personal Development and Career; Gender; Legal Services Industry

March 2011
Article

Do Sell-Side Stock Analysts Exhibit Escalation of Commitment?

By: John Beshears and Katherine L. Milkman

This paper presents evidence that when an analyst makes an out-of-consensus forecast of a company's quarterly earnings that turns out to be incorrect, she escalates her commitment to maintaining an out-of-consensus view on the company. Relative to an analyst who was... View Details

Keywords: Escalation Of Commitment; Stock Market; Updating; Behavioral Economics; Motivation and Incentives; Behavior; Consumer Behavior; Financial Markets; Forecasting and Prediction

2010
Working Paper

Will I Stay or Will I Go?: Cooperative and Competitive Effects of Workgroup Sex and Race Composition on Turnover

By: Kathleen L. McGinn and Katherine L Milkman

We develop an integrated theory of the social identity mechanisms linking workgroup sex and race composition across levels with individual turnover. Building on social identity research, we theorize that social cohesion (Tyler, 1999; Hogg and Terry, 2000) and social... View Details

Keywords: Competition; Ethnicity; Race; Groups and Teams; Identity; Resignation and Termination; Gender; Cooperation

July 2009
Article

How Can Decision Making Be Improved?

By: Katherine L. Milkman, Dolly Chugh and Max H. Bazerman

The optimal moment to address the question of how to improve human decision making has arrived. Thanks to fifty years of research by judgment and decision making scholars, psychologists have developed a detailed picture of the ways in which human judgment is bounded.... View Details

Keywords: Decision Making; Performance Improvement; Research; Strategy; Judgments

August 2009
Article

Mental Accounting and Small Windfalls: Evidence from an Online Grocer

By: John Beshears and Katherine L. Milkman

We study the effect of small windfalls on consumer spending decisions by comparing the purchases online grocery customers make when redeeming $10-off coupons with the purchases they make without coupons. Controlling for customer fixed effects and other variables, we... View Details

Keywords: Mental Accounting; Windfalls; Marginal Propensity To Consume; Coupons; Marketing Communications; Consumer Behavior; Accounting; Cognition and Thinking; Retail Industry

2008
Working Paper

How Can Decision Making Be Improved?

By: Katherine L. Milkman, Dolly Chugh and Max H. Bazerman

The optimal moment to address the question of how to improve human decision making has arrived. Thanks to fifty years of research by judgment and decision making scholars, psychologists have developed a detailed picture of the ways in which human judgment is bounded.... View Details

Keywords: Decision Making; Judgments; Performance Improvement; Research; Strategy