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Publications

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    • All HBS Web  (2,212)
      • Faculty Publications  (178)

      by April WhiteRemove by April White →

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      • March 2025
      • Case

      Sarojini Naidu: Courage of the Nightingale

      By: Ranjay Gulati, Malini Sen and Anjali Raina
      Indian poet and freedom fighter and mother of four, Sarojini (Chattopadhyay) Naidu, could not hold back. As the protestors marched ahead without retaliating against the police’s blows, she stepped forward to join them. A British officer approached Naidu and touched her... View Details
      Keywords: India; Asia
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      Gulati, Ranjay, Malini Sen, and Anjali Raina. "Sarojini Naidu: Courage of the Nightingale." Harvard Business School Case 425-085, March 2025.
      • March 2025
      • Article

      Does Communicating Measurable Diversity Goals Attract or Repel Historically Marginalized Job Applicants? Evidence from the Lab and Field

      By: Erika L. Kirgios, Ike Silver and Edward H. Chang
      Many organizations struggle to attract a demographically diverse workforce. How does adding a measurable goal to a public diversity commitment—for example, “We care about diversity” versus “We care about diversity and plan to hire at least one woman or racial minority... View Details
      Keywords: Selection and Staffing; Recruitment; Diversity; Goals and Objectives; Communication Intention and Meaning; Behavior
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      Kirgios, Erika L., Ike Silver, and Edward H. Chang. "Does Communicating Measurable Diversity Goals Attract or Repel Historically Marginalized Job Applicants? Evidence from the Lab and Field." Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 154, no. 3 (March 2025): 624–643.
      • February 2025
      • Case

      Managing Complexity at mymuesli

      By: Thomas Graeber and Stacy Straaberg
      In April 2009, direct-to-consumer e-commerce muesli brand mymuesli faced a flood of customer questions. The breakfast cereal startup enabled users to order personalized muesli on its website by choosing from 75 organic ingredients for a total of 566 quadrillion... View Details
      Keywords: Customer Satisfaction; Decisions; Food; Product Marketing; Product Positioning; Product Launch; Problems and Challenges; Behavior; Competitive Advantage; Customization and Personalization; Segmentation; Internet and the Web; Food and Beverage Industry; Europe; Germany
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      Graeber, Thomas, and Stacy Straaberg. "Managing Complexity at mymuesli." Harvard Business School Case 925-008, February 2025.
      • December 2024
      • Case

      AC Milan

      By: Anita Elberse
      In April 2024, Giorgio Furlani is nearing the end of his first full season as chief executive officer of Italian soccer club AC Milan. A Harvard Business School Class of 2007 graduate with a finance background, Furlani was appointed by RedBird Capital Partners’ founder... View Details
      Keywords: Sports; Soccer; Football; Entertainment; Media; Talent Management; Superstars; Marketing; Strategy; General Management; Mergers and Acquisitions; Leadership; Business Strategy; Competitive Strategy; Business or Company Management; Sports Industry; Milan
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      Elberse, Anita. "AC Milan." Harvard Business School Case 525-025, December 2024.
      • December 2024
      • Article

      Public Attitudes on Performance for Algorithmic and Human Decision-Makers

      By: Kirk Bansak and Elisabeth Paulson
      This study explores public preferences for algorithmic and human decision-makers (DMs) in high-stakes contexts, how these preferences are shaped by performance metrics, and whether public evaluations of performance differ depending on the type of DM. Leveraging a... View Details
      Keywords: Public Opinion; Prejudice and Bias; Decision Making
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      Bansak, Kirk, and Elisabeth Paulson. "Public Attitudes on Performance for Algorithmic and Human Decision-Makers." PNAS Nexus 3, no. 12 (December 2024).
      • November 2024 (Revised April 2025)
      • Case

      Cheerful Music

      By: Shunyuan Zhang, Feng Zhu and Nancy Hua Dai
      Established by Snow Jiang in 2019 in Shenzhen, China, Cheerful Music was a record label company that had created many hit songs in China. “Yi Xiao Jiang Hu,” its most famous hit song, gained billions of views on social media platforms in China and overseas as the... View Details
      Keywords: Generative Ai; Music Entertainment; Global Strategy; Business Model; AI and Machine Learning; Market Entry and Exit; Music Industry; China; United Kingdom; London
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      Zhang, Shunyuan, Feng Zhu, and Nancy Hua Dai. "Cheerful Music." Harvard Business School Case 525-031, November 2024. (Revised April 2025.)
      • November 2024
      • Teaching Note

      Mercado Bitcoin: M&A, IPO, or Series B?

      By: Raymond Kluender, Emanuele Colonnelli and Sabrina Howell
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 825-047. In April 2021, Brazilian cryptocurrency platform Mercado Bitcoin, had to decide how to scale: go public, M&A with a bank, or take a VC big check. In a highly volatile market, Roberto Dagnoni, chairman of the board, viewed the... View Details
      Keywords: Cryptocurrency; Mergers and Acquisitions; Business Growth and Maturation; Business Startups; Decision Making; Going Public; Ownership Stake; Strategic Planning; Venture Capital; Problems and Challenges; Business Cycles; Digital Platforms; Emerging Markets; Market Timing; Expansion; Diversification; Valuation; Value Creation; Investment Funds; Initial Public Offering; Price; Price Bubble; Negotiation Offer; Information Technology Industry; Financial Services Industry; Brazil; Latin America
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      Kluender, Raymond, Emanuele Colonnelli, and Sabrina Howell. "Mercado Bitcoin: M&A, IPO, or Series B?" Harvard Business School Teaching Note 825-092, November 2024.
      • November 2024 (Revised March 2025)
      • Case

      Tim Ferriss: What Might This Look like If It Were Easy?

      By: Reza Satchu and Denise Koller
      In April 2024, writer-podcaster Tim Ferriss—celebrated as the “Oprah of audio” for his billion-download show and known for NYT-bestsellers like The 4-Hour Workweek—found himself at a crossroads. Despite generating a multi-million-dollar annual revenue with just three... View Details
      Keywords: Transition; Personal Development and Career; Business Strategy; Decision Choices and Conditions; Philanthropy and Charitable Giving; Media and Broadcasting Industry
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      Satchu, Reza, and Denise Koller. "Tim Ferriss: What Might This Look like If It Were Easy?" Harvard Business School Case 825-091, November 2024. (Revised March 2025.)
      • October 2024
      • Article

      Racial Inequality in Organizations: A Systems Psychodynamic Perspective

      By: Sanaz Mobasseri, William A. Kahn and Robin J. Ely
      This paper uses systems psychodynamic concepts to develop theory about the persistence of racial inequality in U.S. organizations and to inform an approach for disrupting it. We treat White men as the dominant group and Black people as the archetypal subordinate group... View Details
      Keywords: Equality and Inequality; Race; Prejudice and Bias; Organizational Culture; Gender; Power and Influence; Employees; Attitudes
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      Mobasseri, Sanaz, William A. Kahn, and Robin J. Ely. "Racial Inequality in Organizations: A Systems Psychodynamic Perspective." Academy of Management Review 49, no. 4 (October 2024): 718–745.
      • Fall 2024
      • Article

      Redemption Mechanisms in Poison Pills: Evidence on Pill Design and Law Firm Effects

      By: Olivier Baum and Guhan Subramanian
      We present the first evidence on the incidence of “trip wire” versus “last look” poison pills. Using a hand-collected data set of 130 poison pills implemented and/or amended between January 1, 2020 and March 31, 2023, we find that pills are almost evenly divided... View Details
      Keywords: Acquisition; Negotiation Tactics; Contracts
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      Baum, Olivier, and Guhan Subramanian. "Redemption Mechanisms in Poison Pills: Evidence on Pill Design and Law Firm Effects." Business Lawyer 79, no. 4 (Fall 2024).
      • August 2024
      • Case

      Getting into the Arena (A): Shelane Etchison

      By: Robert F. White and David Allen
      This case explores the political campaign of Shelane Etchison, a pioneering U.S. Army veteran and double-degree Harvard graduate who ran for the U.S. House of Representatives in North Carolina's Ninth Congressional District in 2024. Seeking office for the first time,... View Details
      Keywords: Political Elections; Motivation and Incentives; Strategy; Public Administration Industry; United States; North Carolina
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      White, Robert F., and David Allen. "Getting into the Arena (A): Shelane Etchison." Harvard Business School Case 825-048, August 2024.
      • August 2024 (Revised November 2024)
      • Case

      Mercado Bitcoin: M&A, IPO, or Series B?

      By: Raymond Kluender, Emanuele Colonnelli, Sabrina T. Howell and Karina Souza
      In April 2021, Brazilian cryptocurrency platform Mercado Bitcoin had to decide how to scale: go public, M&A with a bank, or take a VC big check. In a highly volatile market, Roberto Dagnoni, chairman of the board, viewed the unprecedent crypto momentum as a window of... View Details
      Keywords: Cryptocurrency; Mergers and Acquisitions; Business Growth and Maturation; Business Startups; Decision Making; Going Public; Ownership Stake; Strategic Planning; Venture Capital; Problems and Challenges; Business Cycles; Digital Platforms; Emerging Markets; Market Timing; Expansion; Diversification; Valuation; Value Creation; Investment Funds; Initial Public Offering; Price; Price Bubble; Negotiation Offer; Financial Liquidity; Information Technology Industry; Financial Services Industry; Latin America; South America; Brazil; Sao Paulo; United States
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      Kluender, Raymond, Emanuele Colonnelli, Sabrina T. Howell, and Karina Souza. "Mercado Bitcoin: M&A, IPO, or Series B?" Harvard Business School Case 825-047, August 2024. (Revised November 2024.)
      • June 2024 (Revised August 2024)
      • Case

      Cementos Argos in the U.S.: Go Big or Go Home?

      By: Jorge Tamayo, Ruth Costas, Pedro Levindo and Karina Souza
      In April 2011, Colombian group Cementos Argos had to decide on whether to double down its business in the U.S., amidst the U.S. cement industry’s lowest performance in 30 years. Argos— Colombia’s leading cement producer and one of the “jewels” of Grupo GEA, the... View Details
      Keywords: Mergers and Acquisitions; Business Organization; Business Subsidiaries; Talent and Talent Management; Cost vs Benefits; Financial Crisis; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Global Strategy; Business Strategy; Construction Industry; Manufacturing Industry; Latin America; South America; North and Central America; United States; Colombia
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      Tamayo, Jorge, Ruth Costas, Pedro Levindo, and Karina Souza. "Cementos Argos in the U.S.: Go Big or Go Home?" Harvard Business School Case 724-500, June 2024. (Revised August 2024.)
      • June 2024 (Revised November 2024)
      • Case

      Dylan Mulvaney and Bud Light

      By: Jill Avery and Celine Chammas
      On April 1, 2023, social media content creator and influencer Dylan Mulvaney recorded a promotional post. It featured a video of herself drinking from a can of Bud Light beer, offering a virtual toast to her followers. Alongside the video, she posted a photograph of a... View Details
      Keywords: Brand Crises; Brand Management; Influencer Marketing; Boycott; Marketing Strategy; Marketing Communications; Brands and Branding; Consumer Behavior; Social Media; Advertising; Social Issues; Public Opinion; Consumer Products Industry; Food and Beverage Industry; United States
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      Avery, Jill, and Celine Chammas. "Dylan Mulvaney and Bud Light." Harvard Business School Case 524-089, June 2024. (Revised November 2024.)
      • June 2024 (Revised August 2024)
      • Case

      Hospital for Special Surgery: Returning to a New Normal? (A)

      By: Robert S. Huckman, Michael Lingzhi Li and Camille Gregory
      Early on the morning of April 27, 2020, Justin Oppenheimer stood outside the entrance to the lobby of the Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) Pavilion Building with mixed emotions. On one hand, Oppenheimer, HSS’ Enterprise Chief Operating Officer and Chief Strategy... View Details
      Keywords: Operations Management; Scheduling; Optimization; COVID-19; Health Care and Treatment; Operations; Customer Focus and Relationships; Disruption; Health Industry; United States
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      Huckman, Robert S., Michael Lingzhi Li, and Camille Gregory. "Hospital for Special Surgery: Returning to a New Normal? (A)." Harvard Business School Case 624-092, June 2024. (Revised August 2024.)
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      The Efficiency of Patent Litigation

      By: Samuel Antill, Murat Alp Celik, Xu Tian and Toni M. Whited
      How efficient is the U.S. patent litigation system? We quantify the extent to which the litigation system shapes innovation using a novel dynamic model, in which heterogeneous firms innovate and face potential patent lawsuits. We show that the impact of a litigation... View Details
      Keywords: Innovation and Invention; Lawsuits and Litigation; Growth and Development; Welfare; Patents
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      Antill, Samuel, Murat Alp Celik, Xu Tian, and Toni M. Whited. "The Efficiency of Patent Litigation." Working Paper, May 2024.
      • April 2024
      • Supplement

      RHI Magnesita (B): Brick by Brick—Diversification?

      By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell, David M Wagner, Oliver Gassmann and Jordan Mitchell
      In Part A, as of April 2017, Austria’s RHI, a backward integrated refractory company is still within the midst of merging with the next biggest competitor, Brazil’s Magnesita, while weighing options for future growth. Should the company pursue organic growth options... View Details
      Keywords: Mergers and Acquisitions; Growth and Development Strategy; Diversification
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      Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, David M Wagner, Oliver Gassmann, and Jordan Mitchell. "RHI Magnesita (B): Brick by Brick—Diversification?" Harvard Business School Supplement 724-438, April 2024.
      • January 2024
      • Case

      Flashfood: The Magic of Commitment

      By: Reza Satchu and Patrick Sanguineti
      Josh Domingues had accomplished what countless young entrepreneurs long to achieve: founding a promising company that aspires to make the world a tangibly better place. Shocked to learn that international food waste cumulatively amounted to the world’s third largest... View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneur; Founder; Startup; Business Model; Business Startups; Food; Applications and Software; Mission and Purpose; Environmental Sustainability; Canada
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      Satchu, Reza, and Patrick Sanguineti. "Flashfood: The Magic of Commitment." Harvard Business School Case 824-131, January 2024.
      • November 2023 (Revised April 2024)
      • Case

      Celsius Network Inc.: Fear, Uncertainty, and Doubt in the Brave New World of Crypto Bankruptcy

      By: Stuart C. Gilson and Sarah L. Abbott
      In July 2022, Celsius Network filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. CEO Alex Mashinsky acknowledged that Celsius had grown its assets “faster than the Company was prepared to deploy [them]” and as a result had made “certain poor asset deployment decisions.” Two months after... View Details
      Keywords: Cryptocurrency; Chapter 11; Restructuring; Insolvency and Bankruptcy; Asset Management; Acquisition; Borrowing and Debt; Financial Services Industry; United States
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      Gilson, Stuart C., and Sarah L. Abbott. "Celsius Network Inc.: Fear, Uncertainty, and Doubt in the Brave New World of Crypto Bankruptcy." Harvard Business School Case 224-044, November 2023. (Revised April 2024.)
      • October 2023
      • Case

      Foodology: Creating a Virtual Restaurant Group in Latin America

      By: Rembrand M. Koning, Jorge Tamayo and Jenyfeer Martínez Buitrago
      In April 2020, Daniela Izquierdo (HBS, 2019) and Juan Guillermo Azuero (HBS, 2019), awaited the results of Harvard Business School’s Alumni New Venture Competition. Operating since September 2019, Foodology, a Colombian food-tech startup in the cloud kitchen segment,... View Details
      Keywords: Business Startups; Business Model; Entrepreneurship; Food and Beverage Industry; Latin America; South America; Colombia
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      Koning, Rembrand M., Jorge Tamayo, and Jenyfeer Martínez Buitrago. "Foodology: Creating a Virtual Restaurant Group in Latin America." Harvard Business School Case 724-392, October 2023.
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