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  • All HBS Web  (1,037)
    • People  (2)
    • News  (335)
    • Research  (418)
    • Events  (9)
    • Multimedia  (37)
  • Faculty Publications  (203)
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  • 2020
  • White Paper

Building the On-Demand Workforce

By: Joseph B. Fuller, Manjari Raman, James Palano, Allison Bailey, Nithya Vaduganathan, Elizabeth Kaufman, Renée Laverdière and Sibley Lovett
The right talent, in the right place, at the right time, is the equation for success in today’s world. In an era of technological change, demographic shifts, and economic uncertainty, companies can enhance their ability to compete by building a flexible... View Details
Keywords: Future Of Work; On-demand Economy; Workforce; On-demand Workforce; Competitive Advantage; Human Capital; Talent and Talent Management; Recruitment
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Fuller, Joseph B., Manjari Raman, James Palano, Allison Bailey, Nithya Vaduganathan, Elizabeth Kaufman, Renée Laverdière, and Sibley Lovett. "Building the On-Demand Workforce." White Paper, Harvard Business School, November 2020 (Jointly published with Boston Consulting Group (BCG).)
  • October 2018 (Revised March 2019)
  • Background Note

Note on Managing Workforce Reductions

By: Ethan Bernstein and Carin-Isabel Knoop
Each individual who enters an organization will, at some point, leave. And yet most future leaders spend significantly more effort learning about recruiting than departures, despite the sensitivity and challenges associated with the latter. This note is intended to... View Details
Keywords: Layoffs; Downsizing; Workforce; Workforce Reductions; Delayering; Human Resources; Employees; Resignation and Termination; Management; Organizations; Reputation
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Bernstein, Ethan, and Carin-Isabel Knoop. "Note on Managing Workforce Reductions." Harvard Business School Background Note 419-039, October 2018. (Revised March 2019.)
  • May 2019 (Revised July 2019)
  • Case

Walmart's Workforce of the Future

By: William R. Kerr and Jordan Bach-Lombardo
Faced with intense competition from Amazon, Walmart began a transformation of its operations and workforce in 2015. The goal was to create an omnichannel retail experience for customers that seamlessly joined online and offline shopping. This case explores Walmart's... View Details
Keywords: Walmart; Managing The Future Of Work; Workforce; Automation; Ecommerce; Omnichannel Retail; Operations; Transformation; Employees; Training; Information Technology; Infrastructure; Disruption; Competitive Strategy; E-commerce; Information Infrastructure; Retail Industry
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Kerr, William R., and Jordan Bach-Lombardo. "Walmart's Workforce of the Future." Harvard Business School Case 819-042, May 2019. (Revised July 2019.)
  • July 2019 (Revised May 2020)
  • Case

AT&T, Retraining, and the Workforce of Tomorrow

By: William R. Kerr, Joseph B. Fuller and Carl Kreitzberg
By the late 2000s, rapid changes in the telecommunications industry forced AT&T’s management team to take on a task that CEO Randall Stephenson called the “biggest logistical challenge” they had ever seen: retraining 100,000 workers by 2020. In 2012, internal company... View Details
Keywords: AT&T; Workforce; Skills; Future Of Work; Telecommunications; Unions; Technological Change; Layoffs; MOOCS; Strategic Planning; Employees; Training; Competency and Skills; Labor; Learning; Labor Unions; Technology Adoption; Talent and Talent Management; Telecommunications Industry; Communications Industry; United States
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Kerr, William R., Joseph B. Fuller, and Carl Kreitzberg. "AT&T, Retraining, and the Workforce of Tomorrow." Harvard Business School Case 820-017, July 2019. (Revised May 2020.)
  • July 2019
  • Teaching Note

AT&T, Retraining, and the Workforce of Tomorrow

By: William R. Kerr and Carl Kreitzberg
A Teaching Note for the "AT&T, Retraining, and the Workforce of Tomorrow" case study (HBS#820-017). The case describes how AT&T designed and implemented a program to retrain 100,000 of its workers. The case first reviews the technological forces that compelled AT&T to... View Details
Keywords: AT&T; Workforce; Future Of Work; Telecommunications; Unions; Technological Change; Layoffs; MOOCS; Strategic Planning; Employees; Training; Labor; Learning; Labor Unions; Technology Adoption; Talent and Talent Management; Transformation; Telecommunications Industry; Communications Industry; United States
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Kerr, William R., and Carl Kreitzberg. "AT&T, Retraining, and the Workforce of Tomorrow." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 820-018, July 2019.
  • Article

Why a Blended Workforce May Be Key to Lasting Competitive Advantage

By: Joseph B. Fuller
Keywords: Workforce; Future Of Work
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Fuller, Joseph B. "Why a Blended Workforce May Be Key to Lasting Competitive Advantage." Harvard Business School Working Knowledge (November 17, 2020).
  • 2025
  • White Paper

Governors Reshaping Workforce Development: Turning WIOA Challenges into Workforce Solutions

By: Joseph B. Fuller, Kerry McKittrick, Nathalie Gazzaneo, Ariel Higuchi, Justine Gluck, Zoe Butler, Jack Porter and Malena Dailey
The Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA) grants Governors significant authority to shape their state workforce systems. Yet, little research explores how they use those powers to strengthen their economies and expand access to employment and training.... View Details
Keywords: Government Administration; Policy; Training; Employment
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Fuller, Joseph B., Kerry McKittrick, Nathalie Gazzaneo, Ariel Higuchi, Justine Gluck, Zoe Butler, Jack Porter, and Malena Dailey. "Governors Reshaping Workforce Development: Turning WIOA Challenges into Workforce Solutions." White Paper, Project on Workforce at Harvard, April 2025.
  • Research Summary

Workforce Change

By: Sandra J. Sucher

This research encompasses layoffs, furloughs and restructuring, global practices that affect millions of employees and thousands of companies every year. In this work I aim to replace bad practice that damages trust with good (or at least better) practice through... View Details

Keywords: Layoffs; Leadership And Change Management; Global Innovation; Strategic Decision Making; Multinational Corporations; Organizational Change and Adaptation; United States; France; Germany; Hungary; Finland; United Kingdom; Netherlands; China; Japan; Brazil
  • April 2025
  • Case

Salesforce Agentforce: The Limitless Workforce

By: Suraj Srinivasan, Allison Ciechanover and George Gonzalez
In early 2025, Salesforce was a global leader in cloud-based enterprise software, best known for pioneering customer relationship management (CRM) delivered as a service. Over the past two decades, the company had expanded into marketing, customer service, analytics,... View Details
Keywords: Business Model; Customer Relationship Management; Price; AI and Machine Learning; Technology Adoption; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Sales; Business Strategy; Ethics; Product Launch; Technology Industry; United States
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Srinivasan, Suraj, Allison Ciechanover, and George Gonzalez. "Salesforce Agentforce: The Limitless Workforce." Harvard Business School Case 125-096, April 2025.
  • 07 Jul 2019
  • HBS Case

Walmart's Workforce of the Future

detailing the scope of Walmart’s operations and current strategies in the case “Walmart’s Workforce of the Future.” Published in April, it offers an overview of the considerable investments the retail giant is making in its e-commerce... View Details
Keywords: by Julia Hanna; Retail
  • October 2019
  • Case

Engaging the Nationwide Workforce

By: Ethan S. Bernstein, Jessica Gover and Sarah Mehta
Nationwide is “on your side,” but did employees feel that way? CAO Gale King and CEO Steve Rasmussen, starting in 2008, invested heavily in a human capital strategy centered around “engagement” at the Ohio-based Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company. Set in 2014, this... View Details
Keywords: Talent and Talent Management; Change; Change Management; Transformation; Insurance; Human Resources; Employees; Employee Relationship Management; Retention; Selection and Staffing; Employment; Human Capital; Leadership; Leadership Development; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Social Psychology; Financial Services Industry; Insurance Industry; United States; Ohio
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Bernstein, Ethan S., Jessica Gover, and Sarah Mehta. "Engaging the Nationwide Workforce." Harvard Business School Case 420-036, October 2019.
  • Research Summary

Workforce Training and Development in Indian Companies

This study with Vivek Wadhwa and Gary Gereffi of Duke University sponsored by the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation examines how 24 leading Indian companies have innovated in workforce training and development in the face of educational weaknesses and high-skilled... View Details
  • March 2024
  • Teaching Note

Engaging the Nationwide Workforce

By: Ethan Bernstein and Jeff Steiner
Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 420-036. View Details
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Bernstein, Ethan, and Jeff Steiner. "Engaging the Nationwide Workforce." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 424-033, March 2024.
  • March–April 2023
  • Article

The New-Collar Workforce

By: Colleen Ammerman, Boris Groysberg and Ginni Rometty
Many workers today are stuck in low-paying jobs, unable to advance simply because they don’t have a bachelor’s degree. At the same time, many companies are desperate for workers and not meeting the diversity goals that could help them perform better while also reducing... View Details
Keywords: Diversity; Recruitment; Social Issues; Higher Education; Competency and Skills
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Ammerman, Colleen, Boris Groysberg, and Ginni Rometty. "The New-Collar Workforce." Harvard Business Review 101, no. 2 (March–April 2023): 96–103.
  • 2022
  • White Paper

The Emerging Degree Reset: How the Shift to Skills-Based Hiring Holds the Keys to Growing the U.S. Workforce at a Time of Talent Shortage

By: Joseph B. Fuller, Christina Langer, Julia Nitschke, Layla O'Kane, Matthew Sigelman and Bledi Taska
Employers are resetting degree requirements in a wide range of roles, dropping the requirement for a bachelor’s degree in many middle-skill and even some higher-skill roles. This reverses a trend toward degree inflation in job postings going back to the Great... View Details
Keywords: Skills; Workforce; Talent; Human Resource Management; Selection and Staffing; Competency and Skills; Talent and Talent Management; Human Resources
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Fuller, Joseph B., Christina Langer, Julia Nitschke, Layla O'Kane, Matthew Sigelman, and Bledi Taska. "The Emerging Degree Reset: How the Shift to Skills-Based Hiring Holds the Keys to Growing the U.S. Workforce at a Time of Talent Shortage." White Paper, Burning Glass Institute, February 2022.
  • December 1990 (Revised March 1991)
  • Case

Balanced Workforce at Xerox Corp.

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Friedman, Raymond A. "Balanced Workforce at Xerox Corp." Harvard Business School Case 491-049, December 1990. (Revised March 1991.)
  • 2021
  • Working Paper

Accounting for Workforce Impact at Scale

By: Adel Fadhel, Katie Panella, Ethan Rouen and George Serafeim
Using new data on workforce composition and wages, we systematically measure the employment impact at U.S. firms from 2008 to 2020, including 2,682 unique firms and 22,322 firm-year observations. We document significant variation across industries and firms within each... View Details
Keywords: Impact Accounting; ESG; Employee Turnover; Wages; Employment; Measurement and Metrics; Human Capital; Diversity; United States
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Fadhel, Adel, Katie Panella, Ethan Rouen, and George Serafeim. "Accounting for Employment Impact at Scale." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-018, December 2021.
  • Article

Lessons from England's Health Care Workforce Redesign: No Quick Fixes

By: Richard Bohmer and Candace Imison
In 2000 the English National Health Service (NHS) began a series of workforce redesign initiatives that increased the number of doctors and nurses serving patients, expanded existing staff roles and developed new ones, redistributed health care work, and invested in... View Details
Keywords: Health Care; Work Force Management; United Kingdom
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Bohmer, Richard, and Candace Imison. "Lessons from England's Health Care Workforce Redesign: No Quick Fixes." Health Affairs 32, no. 11 (November 2013): 2025–2031.
  • March–April 1993
  • Article

The Changing Workforce

By: D. Q. Mills
Keywords: Change
Citation
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Mills, D. Q. "The Changing Workforce." Journal of Corporate Management 45, no. 21 (March–April 1993): 78–80.
  • May 22, 2023
  • Other Article

How to Manage Workforce Risk Amid Old Challenges, New Disruptions

By: Joseph B. Fuller, Michael Griffiths, Reem Janho, Michael Stephan, Carey Oven and Keri Calagna
C-suites and boards have an opportunity to improve management and expand governance of their workforce to mitigate related risks more effectively. View Details
Keywords: Employees; Risk and Uncertainty
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Fuller, Joseph B., Michael Griffiths, Reem Janho, Michael Stephan, Carey Oven, and Keri Calagna. "How to Manage Workforce Risk Amid Old Challenges, New Disruptions." Wall Street Journal (online) (May 22, 2023).
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