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    • All HBS Web  (551)
      • Faculty Publications  (78)

      Value AppropriationRemove Value Appropriation →

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      • January 2025
      • Case

      A Tiger in the Tank: Exxon Sues Investors

      By: Clayton S. Rose, Sarah Sasso and James Weber
      In June 2024, investors were trying to make sense of ExxonMobil’s (Exxon) lawsuit against two impact investors, Arjuna Capital (Arjuna) and Follow This, that had just been dismissed by the U.S. District Court of Northern Texas. Exxon’s suit challenged the rights of two... View Details
      Keywords: Disruption; Talent and Talent Management; Customer Satisfaction; Decision Making; Demographics; Ethics; Corporate Accountability; Employees; Recruitment; Retention; Leadership; Crisis Management; Risk Management; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Mission and Purpose; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Civil Society or Community; Social Issues; Adaptation; Investment Activism; Lawsuits and Litigation; Business and Shareholder Relations; Medical Devices and Supplies Industry; Health Industry; Energy Industry; United States; Netherlands; Norway
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      Rose, Clayton S., Sarah Sasso, and James Weber. "A Tiger in the Tank: Exxon Sues Investors." Harvard Business School Case 325-015, January 2025.
      • 2024
      • Other Teaching and Training Material

      Earth

      By: Barry Nalebuff and Max Bazerman
      Earth was created to provide participants with the opportunity to negotiate a solution to the most important environmental challenge that faces humanity — climate change. Just as finding solutions to climate change is challenging, students will be challenged to find a... View Details
      Keywords: Climate Change; Outcome or Result; Negotiation; Game Theory
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      Nalebuff, Barry, and Max Bazerman. "Earth." Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University, Dispute Resolution Research Center, 2024. Multimedia. (Simulation.)
      • July 2024
      • Module Note

      Organization: Managing the Corporation

      By: David J. Collis
      Ongoing management of the corporate portfolio is critical to realizing value in diversified companies. This requires designing and administering structures, systems, and processes appropriate for the set of businesses and the resources that underpin value creation... View Details
      Keywords: Organization; Corporate Strategy; Business Conglomerates; Business or Company Management; Diversification; Value Creation; Corporate Governance; Business Units
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      Collis, David J. "Organization: Managing the Corporation." Harvard Business School Module Note 724-495, July 2024.
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Does the Case for Private Equity Still Hold?

      By: Nori Gerardo Lietz and Philipp Chvanov
      Private Equity (“PE”) received a 10-fold increase in capital flows since the Great Financial Crisis (“GFC”) Investors sought higher nominal returns relative to those they could obtain in the public capital markets. This paper questions the fundamental assumptions... View Details
      Keywords: Private Equity; Investment Return; Investment Portfolio; Financial Markets
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      Lietz, Nori Gerardo, and Philipp Chvanov. "Does the Case for Private Equity Still Hold?" Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-066, January 2024.
      • January 2024
      • Case

      The Financial Times (FT) and Generative AI

      By: Andrew Rashbass, Ramon Casadesus-Masanell and Jordan Mitchell
      In September 2023, John Ridding, CEO of the Financial Times, was considering the possible impact of Generative AI on the industry and his business. Having navigated successfully the seismic shift from print to digital, and reporting record results, the company... View Details
      Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Technology Adoption; Change Management; Journalism and News Industry
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      Rashbass, Andrew, Ramon Casadesus-Masanell, and Jordan Mitchell. "The Financial Times (FT) and Generative AI." Harvard Business School Case 724-410, January 2024.
      • September 2023 (Revised January 2024)
      • Case

      Helmy Abouleish: Making a Desert Bloom

      By: Geoffrey G. Jones and Maxim Pike Harrell
      This case examines the history of prominent Egyptian-based social enterprise SEKEM from its foundation in 1977 until the COP27 conference held in Sharm El-Sheikh in 2022. Led by father and son team Ibrahim and Helmy Abouleish, SEKEM turned desert into farmland using... View Details
      Keywords: Agribusiness; Climate Change; Values and Beliefs; Social Enterprise; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Egypt
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      Jones, Geoffrey G., and Maxim Pike Harrell. "Helmy Abouleish: Making a Desert Bloom." Harvard Business School Case 324-029, September 2023. (Revised January 2024.)
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      Evaluation and Learning in R&D Investment

      By: Alexander P. Frankel, Joshua L. Krieger, Danielle Li and Dimitris Papanikolaou
      We examine the role of spillover learning in shaping the value of exploratory versus incremental R&D. Using data from drug development, we show that novel drug candidates generate more knowledge spillovers than incremental ones. Despite being less likely to reach... View Details
      Keywords: Research and Development; Forecasting and Prediction; Valuation; Pharmaceutical Industry
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      Frankel, Alexander P., Joshua L. Krieger, Danielle Li, and Dimitris Papanikolaou. "Evaluation and Learning in R&D Investment." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-074, May 2023. (NBER Working Paper Series, No. 31290, May 2023.)
      • April 6, 2022
      • Article

      5 Principles of Purposeful Leadership

      By: Hubert Joly
      The traditional model of the leader-hero who saves the day, knows it all, is the smartest person in the room, and is too often driven by power, fame, glory, or money is not appropriate in today’s environment. People today expect a different kind of leader. While each... View Details
      Keywords: Leadership, Personal Strategy & Style; Purpose; Roles; Authenticity; Leadership; Values and Beliefs; Leadership Style
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      Joly, Hubert. "5 Principles of Purposeful Leadership." Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (April 6, 2022).
      • May–June 2021
      • Article

      How to Close the Gender Gap

      By: Colleen Ammerman and Boris Groysberg
      Most companies say they’re committed to advancing women into leadership roles. What they may fail to recognize, though, is that systemic barriers are holding women back. As a result, women remain disadvantaged at every stage of their employment and underrepresented in... View Details
      Keywords: Gender Discrimination; Employment; Gender; Prejudice and Bias; Talent and Talent Management; Organizational Change and Adaptation
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      Ammerman, Colleen, and Boris Groysberg. "How to Close the Gender Gap." Harvard Business Review 99, no. 3 (May–June 2021): 124–133.
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 7 The Value Structure of Technologies, Part 2: Strategy without Numbers

      By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
      Functional analysis as set forth in the last chapter decomposes a technical system into functional components that do things to advance the system’s purpose and the goals of its designers. Functional analysis in turn can be used to construct value structure maps... View Details
      Keywords: Modularity; Value Structure Mapping; Value Capture; Information Technology; Organizations; Strategy; Value Creation
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      Baldwin, Carliss Y. "Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 7 The Value Structure of Technologies, Part 2: Strategy without Numbers." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-040, September 2020.
      • Article

      Achieving Value in Highly Complex Acute Care: Lessons from the Delivery of Extra Corporeal Life Support

      By: Michael Nurok, Jonathan Warsh, Erik Dong, Jeffrey Lopez, Mayumi Kharabi and Robert S. Kaplan
      We applied a value (outcomes and cost) analysis to extracorporeal life support (ECLS), a relatively rare but very expensive ICU therapy with highly variable outcomes. To address the outcome component of the value approach, we created guidelines for ECLS delivery; to... View Details
      Keywords: Health Care and Treatment; Cost Management; Value; Analysis
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      Nurok, Michael, Jonathan Warsh, Erik Dong, Jeffrey Lopez, Mayumi Kharabi, and Robert S. Kaplan. "Achieving Value in Highly Complex Acute Care: Lessons from the Delivery of Extra Corporeal Life Support." NEJM Catalyst (October 31, 2019).
      • 2019
      • Chapter

      Interorganizational Collaboration and Start-Up Innovation

      By: Vikas A. Aggarwal and Andy Wu
      This chapter presents an overview of the literature on collaborative relationships between start-ups and incumbent firms, focusing on the implications of these relationships for start-up innovation and performance. Value creation in such relationships occurs when... View Details
      Keywords: Alliance; Corporate Venture Capital; Complementary Assets; Appropriability; Business Startups; Joint Ventures; Knowledge; Innovation and Invention; Value Creation; Entrepreneurship
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      Aggarwal, Vikas A., and Andy Wu. "Interorganizational Collaboration and Start-Up Innovation." In The Oxford Handbook of Entrepreneurship and Collaboration, edited by Jeffrey J. Reuer, Sharon Matusik, and Jessica F. Jones, 611–627. New York: Oxford University Press, 2019.
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Digital Experimentation and Startup Performance: Evidence from A/B Testing

      By: Rembrand Koning, Sharique Hasan and Aaron Chatterji
      Recent work argues that experimentation is the appropriate framework for entrepreneurial strategy. We investigate this proposition by exploiting the time-varying adoption of A/B testing technology, which has drastically reduced the cost of experimentally testing... View Details
      Keywords: Experimentation; A/B Testing; Data-driven Decision-making; Entrepreneurship; Strategy; Business Startups; Information Technology; Performance
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      Koning, Rembrand, Sharique Hasan, and Aaron Chatterji. "Digital Experimentation and Startup Performance: Evidence from A/B Testing." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-018, August 2019. (Revised September 2020. SSRN Working Paper Series, No. 3440291, August 2019)
      • October 2018
      • Article

      Competing with Complementors: An Empirical Look at Amazon.com

      By: Feng Zhu and Qihong Liu
      Platform owners sometimes enter complementors' product spaces to compete against them directly. Prior studies have offered two possible explanations for such entries: platform owners may target the most successful complementors so as to appropriate value from their... View Details
      Keywords: Amazon; Complementors; Co-opetition; Entry; Platform-based Markets; Competition; Digital Platforms; Competitive Strategy
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      Zhu, Feng, and Qihong Liu. "Competing with Complementors: An Empirical Look at Amazon.com." Strategic Management Journal 39, no. 10 (October 2018): 2618–2642.
      • Article

      Capturing Value from Intellectual Property (IP) in a Global Environment

      By: Juan Alcácer, Karin Beukel and Bruno Cassiman
      Globalization should provide firms with an opportunity to leverage their know-how and reputation across countries to create value. However, it remains challenging for them to actually capture that value using traditional Intellectual Property (IP) tools. In this paper,... View Details
      Keywords: Appropriation Strategy; Counterfeit; Intellectual Property Rights; Litigation; Value Capturing; Intellectual Property; Rights; Value; Lawsuits and Litigation; Global Range; Situation or Environment
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      Alcácer, Juan, Karin Beukel, and Bruno Cassiman. "Capturing Value from Intellectual Property (IP) in a Global Environment." Special Issue on Geography, Location, and Strategy. Advances in Strategic Management 36 (2017): 163–228.
      • October 2017 (Revised November 2017)
      • Case

      Lovepop

      By: Robert F. White, Ramana Nanda and Olivia Hull
      As they prepare to graduate from Harvard Business School, the co-founders of greeting card company startup Lovepop need capital to cover the company’s operating costs and must choose between two seed financing offers. One offer is from an angel group and the other from... View Details
      Keywords: Accelerator; Incubator; Seed Financing; Convertible Debt; Entrepreneurship; Venture Capital; Financing and Loans; Borrowing and Debt; Growth and Development Strategy; Valuation; Consumer Products Industry; Retail Industry; Boston; Massachusetts; United States
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      White, Robert F., Ramana Nanda, and Olivia Hull. "Lovepop." Harvard Business School Case 818-015, October 2017. (Revised November 2017.)
      • 2017
      • Book

      Geography, Location, and Strategy

      By: Juan Alcácer, Bruce Kogut, Catherine Thomas and Bernard Yin Yeung
      Changes in both technology and global political economy have vastly accelerated the pace of globalization in the last 40 years, eroding barriers that limited firms' geographic scope and unleashing a seemingly unlimited set of new threats, challenges, and opportunities... View Details
      Keywords: Geographic Location; Global Strategy; Value Creation
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      Alcácer, Juan, Bruce Kogut, Catherine Thomas and Bernard Yin Yeung, eds. Geography, Location, and Strategy. Vol. 36, Advances in Strategic Management. Emerald Publishing Limited, 2017.
      • November 2016 (Revised October 2018)
      • Case

      Augmedix

      By: Frank V. Cespedes and Alexandra N. Rachlin
      In April 2015, Ian Shakil and Pelu Tran, cofounders of Augmedix, are discussing how to grow their emerging health care startup. The company’s sole product, also called Augmedix, streams video of doctor-patient interactions to remote medical scribes, thus freeing... View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneurial Management; Sales Management; Scaling; Hiring; Pricing; Entrepreneurship; Marketing; Marketing Strategy; Product Marketing; Sales; Technology; Health Industry; United States
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      Cespedes, Frank V., and Alexandra N. Rachlin. "Augmedix." Harvard Business School Case 817-048, November 2016. (Revised October 2018.)
      • October 2016
      • Article

      Technical Debt and System Architecture: The Impact of Coupling on Defect-related Activity

      By: Alan MacCormack and Daniel J. Sturtevant
      Technical debt is created when design decisions that are expedient in the short-term increase the costs of maintaining and adapting this system in future. An important component of technical debt relates to decisions about system architecture. As systems grow and... View Details
      Keywords: Information Infrastructure; Performance Efficiency; Applications and Software; Infrastructure
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      MacCormack, Alan, and Daniel J. Sturtevant. "Technical Debt and System Architecture: The Impact of Coupling on Defect-related Activity." Journal of Systems and Software 120 (October 2016): 170–182. (Received 31 May 2015. Revised 28 May 2016. Accepted 4 June 2016.)
      • November 2015
      • Article

      Cannibalization and Option Value Effects of Secondary Markets: Evidence from the U.S. Concert Industry

      By: Victor Manuel Bennett, Robert Seamans and Feng Zhu
      We examine how reducing search frictions in secondary markets affects the value appropriated by firms in primary markets. We characterize two effects on primary market firms caused by intermediaries entering secondary markets: the "cannibalization" and "option value"... View Details
      Keywords: Cannibalization Effect; Option Value Effect; Secondary Markets; Concert Industry; Craigslist; Competition; Distribution Channels; Entertainment and Recreation Industry
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      Bennett, Victor Manuel, Robert Seamans, and Feng Zhu. "Cannibalization and Option Value Effects of Secondary Markets: Evidence from the U.S. Concert Industry." Strategic Management Journal 36, no. 11 (November 2015): 1599–1614.
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