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      • Faculty Publications  (31)

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      • April 2024
      • Article

      How Our Ideological Out-Group Shapes Our Emotional Response to Our Shared Socio-Political Reality

      By: Julia Elad-Strenger, Amit Goldenberg, Tamar Saguy and Eran Halperin
      What shapes our emotional responses to socio-political events? Following the social identity approach, we suggest that individuals adjust their emotional responses to socio-political stimuli based on their ideological out-group's responses, in a manner that preserves... View Details
      Keywords: Political Ideology; Emotions; Identity; Groups and Teams; Israel
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      Elad-Strenger, Julia, Amit Goldenberg, Tamar Saguy, and Eran Halperin. "How Our Ideological Out-Group Shapes Our Emotional Response to Our Shared Socio-Political Reality." British Journal of Social Psychology 63, no. 2 (April 2024): 723–744.
      • October 2023
      • Article

      Stock Market Stimulus

      By: Robin Greenwood, Toomas Laarits and Jeffrey Wurgler
      We study the stock market effects of the arrival of the three rounds of “stimulus checks” to U.S. taxpayers and the single round of direct payments to Hong Kong citizens. The first two rounds of U.S. checks appear to have increased retail buying and share prices of... View Details
      Keywords: Stock Market; COVID-19 Pandemic; Fiscal Stimulus; Stimulus Payments; Impact; Stocks; System Shocks; Price; Spending; United States; Hong Kong
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      Greenwood, Robin, Toomas Laarits, and Jeffrey Wurgler. "Stock Market Stimulus." Review of Financial Studies 36, no. 10 (October 2023): 4082–4112. (Also NBER Working Paper Series, No. 29827, January 2023.)
      • May–June 2023
      • Article

      The High Cost of Neglecting Low-Wage Workers: Six Mistakes That Companies Make—and How They Can Do Better

      By: Joseph Fuller and Manjari Raman
      Many companies blame outside factors for the trouble they’ve been having in finding and retaining frontline workers: the pandemic, the government’s stimulus checks, the intrinsic nature of low-wage work. The authors argue that in fact the real problem lies in six big... View Details
      Keywords: Retention; Recruitment; Human Capital; Personal Development and Career; Compensation and Benefits; Performance Productivity
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      Fuller, Joseph, and Manjari Raman. "The High Cost of Neglecting Low-Wage Workers: Six Mistakes That Companies Make—and How They Can Do Better." Harvard Business Review 101, no. 3 (May–June 2023): 40–48.
      • September 2022
      • Article

      Energy Innovation Funding and Institutions in Major Economies

      By: Jonas Meckling, Clara Galeazzi, Esther Shears, Tong Xu and Laura Diaz Anadon
      Accelerating energy innovation for decarbonization hinges on public investment in research, development and demonstration (RD&D). Here we examine the evolution and variation of public energy RD&D funding and institutions and associated drivers across eight major... View Details
      Keywords: Research and Development; Innovation and Invention; Energy Policy; Government Legislation; Energy Sources
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      Meckling, Jonas, Clara Galeazzi, Esther Shears, Tong Xu, and Laura Diaz Anadon. "Energy Innovation Funding and Institutions in Major Economies." Nature Energy 7, no. 9 (September 2022): 876–885.
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      Stock Market Stimulus

      By: Robin Greenwood, Toomas Laarits and Jeffrey Wurgler
      We study the stock market effects of the arrival of the three rounds of “stimulus checks” to U.S. taxpayers and the single round of direct payments to Hong Kong citizens. The first two rounds of U.S. checks appear to have increased retail buying and share prices of... View Details
      Keywords: Stock Market; COVID-19 Pandemic; Fiscal Stimulus; Stimulus Payments; Impact; Stocks; System Shocks; Price; Spending; United States; Hong Kong; China
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      Greenwood, Robin, Toomas Laarits, and Jeffrey Wurgler. "Stock Market Stimulus." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 29827, March 2022. (Revised November 2022.)
      • March 2021
      • Article

      Bayesian Signatures of Confidence and Central Tendency in Perceptual Judgment

      By: Yang Xiang, Thomas Graeber, Benjamin Enke and Samuel Gershman
      This paper theoretically and empirically investigates the role of Bayesian noisy cognition in perceptual judgment, focusing on the central tendency effect: the well-known empirical regularity that perceptual judgments are biased towards the center of the... View Details
      Keywords: Visual Perception; Bayesian Modeling; Perception; Judgments
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      Xiang, Yang, Thomas Graeber, Benjamin Enke, and Samuel Gershman. "Bayesian Signatures of Confidence and Central Tendency in Perceptual Judgment." Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics (March 2021): 1–11.
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Bankruptcy and the COVID-19 Crisis

      By: Jialan Wang, Jeyul Yang, Benjamin Iverson and Raymond Kluender
      We examine the impact of the COVID-19 economic crisis on business and consumer bankruptcies in the United States using real-time data on the universe of filings. Historically, bankruptcies have closely tracked the business cycle and contemporaneous unemployment rates.... View Details
      Keywords: Bankruptcy; Financial Distress; COVID-19; Insolvency and Bankruptcy; Financial Crisis; Health Pandemics; United States
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      Wang, Jialan, Jeyul Yang, Benjamin Iverson, and Raymond Kluender. "Bankruptcy and the COVID-19 Crisis." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-041, September 2020.
      • August 2020 (Revised May 2021)
      • Case

      PayPal: The Next Chapter

      By: Michael Porter, Mark Kramer and Annelena Lobb
      Can a social purpose and stakeholder capitalism confer a powerful competitive advantage in the age of COVID-19? For PayPal, the answer is yes. After spinning off from eBay in a 2015 IPO, the company declared its purpose as "democratizing financial services" by ensuring... View Details
      Keywords: Mission and Purpose; Finance; Business and Stakeholder Relations; Social Entrepreneurship; Competitive Advantage; Financial Services Industry
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      Porter, Michael, Mark Kramer, and Annelena Lobb. "PayPal: The Next Chapter." Harvard Business School Case 721-378, August 2020. (Revised May 2021.)
      • September 2020
      • Article

      Relaxing Household Liquidity Constraints Through Social Security

      By: Sylvain Catherine, Max Miller and Natasha Sarin
      More than a quarter of working-age households in the United States do not have sufficient savings to cover their expenditures after a month of unemployment. Recent proposals suggest giving workers early access to a small portion of their future Social Security benefits... View Details
      Keywords: COVID-19 Pandemic; Personal Finance; Employment; Welfare; Insurance; Government Legislation
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      Catherine, Sylvain, Max Miller, and Natasha Sarin. "Relaxing Household Liquidity Constraints Through Social Security." Art. 104243. Journal of Public Economics 189 (September 2020).
      • Article

      The Impact of COVID-19 on Small Business Outcomes and Expectations

      By: Alexander Bartik, Marianne Bertrand, Zoë B. Cullen, Edward L. Glaeser, Michael Luca and Christopher Stanton
      To explore the impact of COVID on small businesses, we conducted a survey of more than 5,800 small businesses between March 28 and April 4, 2020. Several themes emerged. First, mass layoffs and closures had already occurred—just a few weeks into the crisis. Second, the... View Details
      Keywords: COVID-19; Stimulus; CARES Act; Health Pandemics; Small Business; Surveys
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      Bartik, Alexander, Marianne Bertrand, Zoë B. Cullen, Edward L. Glaeser, Michael Luca, and Christopher Stanton. "The Impact of COVID-19 on Small Business Outcomes and Expectations." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 30 (July 28, 2020): 17656–66.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      A Preference for Revision Absent Improvement

      By: Ximena Garcia-Rada, Leslie K. John, Ed O’Brien and Michael I. Norton
      People regularly encounter revised stimuli (e.g., revised versions of products, new editions of books, tweaked recipes, and technological updates). In principle, a world of constant revision should benefit people by affording them the most up-to-date offerings. In... View Details
      Keywords: Product Change; Versioning; Expectancy Effects; Heuristics; Intuitive Processing; Product Marketing; Change; Perception; Consumer Behavior
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      Garcia-Rada, Ximena, Leslie K. John, Ed O’Brien, and Michael I. Norton. "A Preference for Revision Absent Improvement." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 19-087, February 2019. (Revised April 2025.)
      • 2017
      • Chapter

      Entrepreneurship, Policy, and the Geography of Wind Energy

      By: Geoffrey Jones
      This study examines the geography of the global wind energy industry before 2000. Between 1980 and 2000, the global generating capacity of wind power grew from 13 megawatts to 17,400 megawatts, but two-thirds of that capacity was in Denmark, Germany, Spain, and the... View Details
      Keywords: Wind Power; Business And Government; Renewable Energy; Entrepreneurship; Geography; Business and Government Relations; Policy; Business History; Energy Industry; Green Technology Industry; Asia; Europe; United States
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      Jones, Geoffrey. "Entrepreneurship, Policy, and the Geography of Wind Energy." Chap. 12 in Green Capitalism? Business and the Environment in the Twentieth Century, edited by Hartmut Berghoff and Adam Rome, 206–231. Hagley Perspectives on Business and Culture. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2017.
      • April 2015 (Revised January 2020)
      • Case

      Japan's Missing Arrow?

      By: Laura Alfaro and Hilary White
      In late December 2014, Shinzo Abe was elected to another term as the prime minister of Japan. His re-election was largely interpreted as a vote of confidence for his economics policies, collectively referred to as "Abenomics." Comprised of three "arrows," including... View Details
      Keywords: Currency; Bonds; Government Bonds; Government Debt; Public Finance; Quantitative Easing; Stimulus; Fiscal Policy; Fiscal Deficits; Debt Management; Debt Reduction; Abenomics; Exchange Rate; Exports; Reform; Economics; Macroeconomics; Policy; Government Legislation; Government and Politics; Asia; Japan
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      Alfaro, Laura, and Hilary White. "Japan's Missing Arrow?" Harvard Business School Case 715-050, April 2015. (Revised January 2020.)
      • July–August 2014
      • Article

      Sustainability in the Boardroom: Lessons from Nike's Playbook

      By: Lynn S. Paine
      One surprising role of Nike's corporate responsibility committee is to provide support for innovation. More and more companies recognize the importance of corporate responsibility to their long-term success—and yet the matter gets short shrift in most boardrooms,... View Details
      Keywords: Corporate Governance; Corporate Accountability; Globalized Firms and Management; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Environmental Sustainability; Apparel and Accessories Industry; Sports Industry
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      Paine, Lynn S. "Sustainability in the Boardroom: Lessons from Nike's Playbook." Harvard Business Review 92, nos. 7/8 (July–August 2014): 87–94.
      • October 2013
      • Case

      Japan: Abe's Three Arrows?

      By: Richard H.K. Vietor
      After the Koizumi government ended in 2006, Japan continued to struggle with slow growth, deflation and, in 2011, a tsunami and nuclear disaster. Following a series of several more unsuccessful prime ministers, Shinzo Abe again became the prime minister in 2012 and... View Details
      Keywords: Economic Development; Quantitative Easing; Stagnation; National Strategy; Development Economics; Economic Slowdown and Stagnation; Strategy; Japan
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      Vietor, Richard H.K. "Japan: Abe's Three Arrows?" Harvard Business School Case 714-017, October 2013.
      • June 2013 (Revised June 2013)
      • Teaching Note

      Brazil's Enigma: Sustaining Long-Term Growth & Currency Wars

      By: Laura Alfaro and Hilary White
      Over the past decade, Brazil's future as a leading world economic power appeared certain. An expanding middle class and commodity boom had fueled economic growth, with GDP growth hitting a peak of 7.5% in 2010. However, the high cost of conducting business in Brazil,... View Details
      Keywords: Exchange Rate; Inflation; Inflation Targeting; Industrialization; Infrastructure; Currency; Capital Controls; Stimulus; Commodity Prices; Manufacturing Costs; Globalization; Productivity Growth; Economics; Economic Slowdown and Stagnation; Inflation and Deflation; Macroeconomics; Public Sector; Brazil; South America; Latin America
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      Alfaro, Laura, and Hilary White. "Brazil's Enigma: Sustaining Long-Term Growth & Currency Wars." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 713-092, June 2013. (Revised June 2013.)
      • May 2013
      • Supplement

      Kinyuseisaku: Monetary Policy in Japan (C)

      By: Laura Alfaro and Hilary White
      Assuming office in December 2012, Prime Minister Shinzo Abe was determined to revive Japan's stagnating economy through an ambitious plan known as 'Abenomics.' Under the guidance of the newly appointed governor of the central bank, Haruhiko Kuroda, the Bank of Japan... View Details
      Keywords: Japan; Inflation Targeting; Inflation; Abenomics; Monetary Policy; Stimulus; Quantitative Easing; Government Bonds; Macroeconomics; Inflation and Deflation; Money; Economic Slowdown and Stagnation; Japan
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      Alfaro, Laura, and Hilary White. "Kinyuseisaku: Monetary Policy in Japan (C)." Harvard Business School Supplement 713-086, May 2013.
      • October 2012 (Revised April 2017)
      • Case

      Brazil's Enigma: Sustaining Long-Term Growth

      By: Laura Alfaro, Hilary White and Haviland Sheldahl-Thomason
      Over the past decade, Brazil's future as a leading world economic power appeared certain. An expanding middle class and commodity boom had fueled economic growth, with GDP growth hitting a peak of 7.5% in 2010. However, the high cost of conducting business in Brazil,... View Details
      Keywords: Capital Controls; Inflation; Exchange Rates; Stimulus; Competitiveness; Productivity Growth; Foreign Investment; Infrastructure; Inflation and Deflation; Currency Exchange Rate; Brazil
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      Alfaro, Laura, Hilary White, and Haviland Sheldahl-Thomason. "Brazil's Enigma: Sustaining Long-Term Growth." Harvard Business School Case 713-040, October 2012. (Revised April 2017.)
      • October 2011 (Revised October 2011)
      • Supplement

      Barack Obama and the Bush Tax Cuts (B)

      By: Matthew Weinzierl and Jacob Kuipers
      President Obama signs a major fiscal stimulus package and then must debate whether to extend the Bush tax cuts.
      Instructors may also obtain a Teaching Note, written by this case supplement's author, that provides suggestions for using this case supplement... View Details
      Keywords: Taxation; Government and Politics; United States
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      Weinzierl, Matthew, and Jacob Kuipers. "Barack Obama and the Bush Tax Cuts (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 712-012, October 2011. (Revised October 2011.)
      • February 2011 (Revised July 2013)
      • Case

      A123 Systems: Power. Safety. Life.

      By: Richard H.K. Vietor
      A123 Systems, the largest manufacturer of lithium ion batteries in North America, is producing and selling batteries for electric vehicles in China and electric buses in Europe and America. It just opened two plants in Michigan, partially funded by a grant from... View Details
      Keywords: Business or Company Management; Diversification; Machinery and Machining; Renewable Energy; Transportation; Management Skills; Corporate Finance; Auto Industry; Battery Industry
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      Vietor, Richard H.K. "A123 Systems: Power. Safety. Life." Harvard Business School Case 711-066, February 2011. (Revised July 2013.)
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