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    • All HBS Web  (768)
      • Faculty Publications  (120)

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      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Unwinding Loan Prospecting Pressure Through Renegotiation: The Role of Loan Officer Changes in Debt Contracting

      By: Jung Koo Kang, Regina Wittenberg Moerman and Jessie Cheong
      We examine the impact of loan officer changes on debt contract design. Loan officers play a critical role in initiating and maintaining lending relationships but also face pressure to originate more loans, incentivizing them to offer loan terms more favorable than... View Details
      Keywords: Financing and Loans; Borrowing and Debt; Contracts; Negotiation; Motivation and Incentives
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      Kang, Jung Koo, Regina Wittenberg Moerman, and Jessie Cheong. "Unwinding Loan Prospecting Pressure Through Renegotiation: The Role of Loan Officer Changes in Debt Contracting." Working Paper, March 2025.
      • January–February 2025
      • Article

      What People Still Get Wrong About Negotiations: They Assume the Size of the Pie Is Fixed—and So Miss Opportunities to Create Value

      By: Max H. Bazerman
      Most executives leave value on the negotiating table, for two main reasons: First, many executives mistakenly believe that they’re negotiating over a fixed pie and that gains for one side necessarily mean losses for the other. Second, they focus exclusively on how to... View Details
      Keywords: Negotiation Offer; Negotiation Tactics; Value; Communication; Trust
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      Bazerman, Max H. "What People Still Get Wrong About Negotiations: They Assume the Size of the Pie Is Fixed—and So Miss Opportunities to Create Value." Harvard Business Review 103, no. 1 (January–February 2025): 71–77.
      • December 2024 (Revised March 2025)
      • Case

      WayCool: Addressing Food Loss

      By: Rajiv Lal and Kairavi Dey
      Headquartered in Chennai, India, WayCool started by focusing on solving the growing challenge of food losses and low farmer incomes. Dasari and Jayaraman, surprised at the amount of fruits and vegetables lost in the agricultural supply chain, set up the company with... View Details
      Keywords: Agribusiness; Entrepreneurship; Business Model; Food; Supply Chain; Loss; Expansion; Distribution Channels; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Asia; India; Bangalore; Chennai
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      Lal, Rajiv, and Kairavi Dey. "WayCool: Addressing Food Loss." Harvard Business School Case 525-041, December 2024. (Revised March 2025.)
      • December 2024
      • Article

      Public Attitudes on Performance for Algorithmic and Human Decision-Makers

      By: Kirk Bansak and Elisabeth Paulson
      This study explores public preferences for algorithmic and human decision-makers (DMs) in high-stakes contexts, how these preferences are shaped by performance metrics, and whether public evaluations of performance differ depending on the type of DM. Leveraging a... View Details
      Keywords: Public Opinion; Prejudice and Bias; Decision Making
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      Bansak, Kirk, and Elisabeth Paulson. "Public Attitudes on Performance for Algorithmic and Human Decision-Makers." PNAS Nexus 3, no. 12 (December 2024).
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Categorical Processing in a Complex World

      By: Marco Sammon, Thomas Graeber and Christopher Roth
      In real-world news environments, quantitative information is rarely presented in isolation; it is characterized through qualitative comparisons with various reference levels. Company earnings, for example, are commonly compared to analyst forecasts, previous earnings,... View Details
      Keywords: Announcements; Cognition and Thinking; Communication Strategy
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      Sammon, Marco, Thomas Graeber, and Christopher Roth. "Categorical Processing in a Complex World." Working Paper, November 2024.
      • September 2024
      • Case

      Leadership for Stretch Goals: Inspiring Employees to Achieve the Impossible at Charter Next Generation

      By: Ethan Rouen and Elisabeth Powell
      In 2023, Kathy Bolhous, CEO of Charter Next Generation (CNG), set out to achieve an ambitious "Moonshot"—increasing profits by $100 million within three years, purely through internal innovations and efficiency gains, without layoffs or new revenue streams. After years... View Details
      Keywords: Profit; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Leadership; Growth Management; Mission and Purpose; Employee Ownership; Motivation and Incentives
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      Rouen, Ethan, and Elisabeth Powell. "Leadership for Stretch Goals: Inspiring Employees to Achieve the Impossible at Charter Next Generation." Harvard Business School Case 125-025, September 2024.
      • September 2024
      • Case

      Open Door Legal: Universal Legal Access

      By: Brian Trelstad, Taylor Greenthal and Sarah Mehta
      This case is about Open Door Legal (ODL), a San Francisco-based civil legal aid nonprofit. CEO Adrian Tirtanadi founded the organization in 2012 with a mission to achieve universal access to legal representation for all city residents. By 2024, ODL had opened four... View Details
      Keywords: Social Entrepreneurship; Law; Growth Management; Nonprofit Organizations; Civil Society or Community; Business Model; Expansion; Legal Services Industry; United States; California; Los Angeles; San Francisco
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      Trelstad, Brian, Taylor Greenthal, and Sarah Mehta. "Open Door Legal: Universal Legal Access." Harvard Business School Case 325-006, September 2024.
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Creditor-on-Creditor Violence and Secured Debt Dynamics

      By: Samuel Antill, Neng Wang and Zhaoli Jiang
      Secured lenders have recently demanded a new condition in distressed debt restructurings: competing secured lenders must lose priority. We model the implications of this “creditor-on-creditor violence” trend. In our dynamic model, secured lenders enjoy higher priority... View Details
      Keywords: Insolvency and Bankruptcy; Debt Securities; Conflict and Resolution
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      Antill, Samuel, Neng Wang, and Zhaoli Jiang. "Creditor-on-Creditor Violence and Secured Debt Dynamics." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 32823, August 2024. (Reject & Resubmit, Review of Financial Studies.)
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      The Efficiency of Patent Litigation

      By: Samuel Antill, Murat Alp Celik, Xu Tian and Toni M. Whited
      How efficient is the U.S. patent litigation system? We quantify the extent to which the litigation system shapes innovation using a novel dynamic model, in which heterogeneous firms innovate and face potential patent lawsuits. We show that the impact of a litigation... View Details
      Keywords: Innovation and Invention; Lawsuits and Litigation; Growth and Development; Welfare; Patents
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      Antill, Samuel, Murat Alp Celik, Xu Tian, and Toni M. Whited. "The Efficiency of Patent Litigation." Working Paper, May 2024. (Revise & Resubmit, Journal of Finance.)
      • May 2024 (Revised May 2024)
      • Case

      Market by Met Council: Revolutionizing Food Pantries in the Digital Age

      By: Elisabeth Paulson and Michael W. Toffel
      In fall 2023, the Food Program of Met Council—America’s largest Jewish charity dedicated to fighting poverty—completed the rollout of the newest version of its digital pantry platform to twelve food pantries in the Met Council food pantry network. The digital... View Details
      Keywords: Customer Focus and Relationships; Digital Transformation; Nonprofit Organizations; Service Operations; Human Needs
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      Paulson, Elisabeth, and Michael W. Toffel. "Market by Met Council: Revolutionizing Food Pantries in the Digital Age." Harvard Business School Case 624-060, May 2024. (Revised May 2024.)
      • February 2024
      • Article

      An Economic Framework for Vaccine Prioritization

      By: Mohammad Akbarpour, Eric Budish, Piotr Dworczak and Scott Duke Kominers
      We propose an economic framework for determining the optimal allocation of a scarce supply of vaccines that become gradually available during a public health crisis, such as the Covid-19 pandemic. Agents differ in observable and unobservable characteristics, and the... View Details
      Keywords: Vaccine; Fairness; Public Finance; Public Goods; Allocation Problems; Allocative Efficiency; Allocation Rules; Social Welfare; Pandemics; Inequality; COVID-19; COVID-19 Pandemic; Public Sector; Resource Allocation; Market Design; Marketplace Matching; Public Administration Industry
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      Akbarpour, Mohammad, Eric Budish, Piotr Dworczak, and Scott Duke Kominers. "An Economic Framework for Vaccine Prioritization." Quarterly Journal of Economics 139, no. 1 (February 2024): 359–417. (Authors' names are in certified random order.)
      • January 2024
      • Supplement

      Buurtzorg

      By: Ethan Bernstein and Tatiana Sandino
      As co-founders of home nursing company Buurtzorg, Jos de Blok and Gonnie Kronenberg prized both self-management and organizational learning. Buurtzorg’s 10,000 nurses across 950 neighborhood nursing teams in the Netherlands were empowered to manage themselves, both in... View Details
      Keywords: Organizational Design; Management Style; Business Model; Knowledge Dissemination; Learning; Organizational Culture; Health Industry; Netherlands
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      Bernstein, Ethan, and Tatiana Sandino. "Buurtzorg." Harvard Business School Multimedia/Video Supplement 424-705, January 2024.
      • January 2024 (Revised May 2024)
      • Case

      Generation Investment Management: Sustainable Investing in a Warming World

      By: Vikram S. Gandhi, Michael Norris and David Allen
      In September 2021, the sustainable investment firm Generation Investment Management (Generation) considered whether to add Schneider Electric to the focus list of companies in which it was prepared to invest. Dedicated to promoting a sustainable world through its... View Details
      Keywords: Sustainable Investing; Climate Change; Environmental Sustainability; Governance; Private Equity; Public Equity; Financial Markets; Investment Return; Investment Activism; Investment Funds; Investment Portfolio; Institutional Investing; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Financial Services Industry; United Kingdom; England; London
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      Gandhi, Vikram S., Michael Norris, and David Allen. "Generation Investment Management: Sustainable Investing in a Warming World." Harvard Business School Case 324-043, January 2024. (Revised May 2024.)
      • December 2023
      • Teaching Note

      Buurtzorg

      By: Ethan Bernstein and Tatiana Sandino
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 122-101. As co-founders of home nursing company Buurtzorg, Jos de Blok and Gonnie Kronenberg prized both self-management and organizational learning. Buurtzorg’s 10,000 nurses across 950 neighborhood nursing teams in the Netherlands were... View Details
      Keywords: Health Care and Treatment; Employee Relationship Management; Knowledge Dissemination; Knowledge Management; Management Practices and Processes; Organizational Design; Organizational Structure; Groups and Teams; Learning; Health Industry; Netherlands
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      Bernstein, Ethan, and Tatiana Sandino. "Buurtzorg." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 124-059, December 2023.
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      Interest-Rate Risk and Household Portfolios

      By: Sylvain Catherine, Max Miller, James Paron and Natasha Sarin
      How are households exposed to interest-rate risk? When rates fall, households face lower future expected returns but those holding long-term assets—disproportionately the wealthy and middle-aged—experience capital gains. We study the hedging demand for long-term assets... View Details
      Keywords: Portfolio Choice; Social Security; Interest Rates; Investment Portfolio; Equality and Inequality; Welfare
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      Catherine, Sylvain, Max Miller, James Paron, and Natasha Sarin. "Interest-Rate Risk and Household Portfolios." Working Paper, October 2023. (Reject and Resubmit, American Economic Review.)
      • August 2023 (Revised January 2024)
      • Supplement

      Arla Foods: Data-Driven Decarbonization (B)

      By: Michael Parzen, Michael W. Toffel, Susan Pinckney and Amram Migdal
      The case describes Arla’s history, in particular its climate change mitigation efforts, and how it implemented a price incentive system to motivate individual farms to implement scope 1 greenhouse gas emissions mitigation measures and receive a higher milk price. The... View Details
      Keywords: Dairy Industry; Earnings Management; Environmental Accounting; Animal-Based Agribusiness; Mergers and Acquisitions; Decisions; Voting; Climate Change; Environmental Regulation; Environmental Sustainability; Green Technology; Pollution; Moral Sensibility; Values and Beliefs; Financial Strategy; Price; Profit; Revenue; Food; Geopolitical Units; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Global Strategy; Cooperative Ownership; Performance Efficiency; Performance Evaluation; Problems and Challenges; Natural Environment; Science-Based Business; Business Strategy; Commercial Banking; Cooperation; Corporate Strategy; Motivation and Incentives; Food and Beverage Industry; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Europe; United Kingdom; European Union; Denmark; Sweden; Luxembourg; Belgium
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      Parzen, Michael, Michael W. Toffel, Susan Pinckney, and Amram Migdal. "Arla Foods: Data-Driven Decarbonization (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 624-036, August 2023. (Revised January 2024.)
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      Insufficiently Justified Disparate Impact: A New Criterion for Subgroup Fairness

      By: Neil Menghani, Edward McFowland III and Daniel B. Neill
      In this paper, we develop a new criterion, "insufficiently justified disparate impact" (IJDI), for assessing whether recommendations (binarized predictions) made by an algorithmic decision support tool are fair. Our novel, utility-based IJDI criterion evaluates false... View Details
      Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Forecasting and Prediction; Prejudice and Bias
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      Menghani, Neil, Edward McFowland III, and Daniel B. Neill. "Insufficiently Justified Disparate Impact: A New Criterion for Subgroup Fairness." Working Paper, June 2023.
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      Feature Importance Disparities for Data Bias Investigations

      By: Peter W. Chang, Leor Fishman and Seth Neel
      It is widely held that one cause of downstream bias in classifiers is bias present in the training data. Rectifying such biases may involve context-dependent interventions such as training separate models on subgroups, removing features with bias in the collection... View Details
      Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Analytics and Data Science; Prejudice and Bias
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      Chang, Peter W., Leor Fishman, and Seth Neel. "Feature Importance Disparities for Data Bias Investigations." Working Paper, March 2023.
      • 2023
      • Chapter

      Organizational Development

      By: Min Basadur, Tim Basadur and Goran Calic
      Our review of the field of Organizational Development (OD) reveals an extensive range of tools which attempt to help organizations improve performance. We believe that OD should be studied differently: As a continuous process of change-making or innovation. How this... View Details
      Keywords: Change; Cognition and Thinking; Creativity; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Innovation and Management
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      Basadur, Min, Tim Basadur, and Goran Calic. "Organizational Development." Chap. 17 in Handbook of Organizational Creativity: Leadership, Interventions, and Macro Level Issues. Second Edition by Roni Reiter-Palmon and Sam Hunter, 239–255. Academic Press, 2023.
      • December 2022
      • Article

      Social Skills Improve Business Performance: Evidence from a Randomized Control Trial with Entrepreneurs in Togo

      By: Stefan Dimitriadis and Rembrand Koning
      Recent field experiments demonstrate that advice, mentorship, and feedback from randomly assigned peers improve entrepreneurial performance. These results raise a natural question: what is preventing entrepreneurs and managers from forming these peer connections... View Details
      Keywords: Social Skills; Business Performance; Entrepreneurs; Peer Relationships; Field Experiment; Entrepreneurship; Performance; Relationships; Interpersonal Communication; Togo
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      Dimitriadis, Stefan, and Rembrand Koning. "Social Skills Improve Business Performance: Evidence from a Randomized Control Trial with Entrepreneurs in Togo." Management Science 68, no. 12 (December 2022): 8635–8657.
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