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Publications

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      • Faculty Publications  (296)

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      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Management and Firm Dynamism

      By: Nicholas Bloom, Jonathan S. Hartley, Raffaella Sadun, Rachel Schuh and John Van Reenen
      We show better-managed firms are more dynamic in plant acquisitions, disposals, openings and closings in U.S. Census and international data. Better-managed firms also birth better-managed plants, and improve the performance of the plants they acquire. To explain these... View Details
      Keywords: Management Practices; Productivity; Management Practices and Processes; Mergers and Acquisitions; Competition; Business or Company Management; Performance Productivity
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      Bloom, Nicholas, Jonathan S. Hartley, Raffaella Sadun, Rachel Schuh, and John Van Reenen. "Management and Firm Dynamism." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-052, April 2025.
      • April 2025
      • Supplement

      Joe Mazzulla and the Boston Celtics (B)

      By: Linda A. Hill, James I. Cash and Lydia Begag
      This case is a supplement to “Joe Mazzulla and the Boston Celtics” (A) and is set against the backdrop of the 2024 NBA Finals. It describes the impact of Mazzulla’s decision to rally his team with an aggressive “go for the kill” mindset instead of choosing language... View Details
      Keywords: Personal Development and Career; Change Management; Communication; Values and Beliefs; Innovation and Invention; Decision Making; Innovation Leadership; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Leadership; Leading Change; Leadership Development; Leadership Style; Crisis Management; Management Skills; Business Processes; Organizational Culture; Organizational Structure; Performance Efficiency; Sports Industry; Entertainment and Recreation Industry; United States
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      Hill, Linda A., James I. Cash, and Lydia Begag. "Joe Mazzulla and the Boston Celtics (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 425-060, April 2025.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Training Within Firms

      By: Brayan Diaz, Andrea Neyra-Nazarrett, Julian Ramirez, Raffaella Sadun and Jorge Tamayo
      Training investments are essential for improving worker and firm productivity, yet their implementation is often hindered by low participation rates and insufficient worker engagement. This study uses data from three firms–a car manufacturer, a quick-service... View Details
      Keywords: Productivity; Absenteeism; Middle Managers; Training; Management Practices and Processes; Performance Productivity; Employees
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      Diaz, Brayan, Andrea Neyra-Nazarrett, Julian Ramirez, Raffaella Sadun, and Jorge Tamayo. "Training Within Firms." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-045, April 2025.
      • January 2025
      • Teaching Plan

      Knowledge Transfer: Toyota, NUMMI, and GM

      By: Willy Shih
      Teaching Plan for HBS Case No. 625-003. New United Motors Manufacturing, Inc. (NUMMI) was a joint venture between Toyota and General Motors. It was an opportunity for GM to learn about the Toyota Production System, which was quite different from the mass production... View Details
      Keywords: Culture Change; Organizational Culture; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Factories, Labs, and Plants; Joint Ventures; Transformation; Selection and Staffing; Knowledge Acquisition; Knowledge Sharing; Labor Unions; Management Systems; Performance Improvement; Production; Labor and Management Relations; Auto Industry; Japan; United States
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      Shih, Willy. "Knowledge Transfer: Toyota, NUMMI, and GM." Harvard Business School Teaching Plan 625-071, January 2025.
      • January 2025
      • Case

      U.S. Steel: Proposed Acquisition by Nippon Steel

      By: Willy C. Shih
      The case setting is the proposed acquisition of U.S. Steel by Nippon Steel, which elicited a great deal of controversy. The real purpose of the case is to look at the history of the American steel industry since World War II and understand how the steel minimill... View Details
      Keywords: Disruptive Innovation; Mergers and Acquisitions; Factories, Labs, and Plants; Business History; Technological Innovation; Business Strategy; Manufacturing Industry; Steel Industry; United States
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      Shih, Willy C. "U.S. Steel: Proposed Acquisition by Nippon Steel." Harvard Business School Case 625-090, January 2025.
      • September 24, 2024
      • Article

      4 Steps That Can Optimize Your Sales Process

      By: Frank V. Cespedes, Scott Peterson and Daniel Weinfurter
      Sales is a performance art where outcomes matter, so most advice here focuses on closing the sale. But a close is the result of actions and choices that occur earlier in the process: how much time and effort to spend on customer discovery (understanding what and to... View Details
      Keywords: Sales; Customer Satisfaction; Growth and Development Strategy; Competitive Advantage
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      Cespedes, Frank V., Scott Peterson, and Daniel Weinfurter. "4 Steps That Can Optimize Your Sales Process." Harvard Business Review (website) (September 24, 2024).
      • September 2024
      • Article

      Backstage Matters: Collective Energy and Information Sharing on Global Teams

      By: Wenjie Ma, Leslie A. Perlow and Eunice Eun
      It is well documented that information sharing – which is central to team effectiveness – is complicated by cultural and geographical factors. However, little is known about the process of information sharing between subgroups within global teams. Building on Goffman’s... View Details
      Keywords: Knowledge Sharing; Groups and Teams; Geographic Scope
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      Ma, Wenjie, Leslie A. Perlow, and Eunice Eun. "Backstage Matters: Collective Energy and Information Sharing on Global Teams." Academy of Management Discoveries 10, no. 3 (September 2024): 463–487.
      • July 2024 (Revised October 2024)
      • Case

      Knowledge Transfer: Toyota, NUMMI, and GM

      By: Willy Shih
      New United Motors Manufacturing, Inc. (NUMMI) was a joint venture between Toyota and General Motors. It was an opportunity for GM to learn about the Toyota Production System, which was quite different from the mass production processes American automakers used at the... View Details
      Keywords: Culture Change; Organizational Culture; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Factories, Labs, and Plants; Joint Ventures; Transformation; Selection and Staffing; Knowledge Acquisition; Knowledge Sharing; Labor Unions; Management Systems; Performance Improvement; Production; Labor and Management Relations; Auto Industry; Japan; United States
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      Shih, Willy. "Knowledge Transfer: Toyota, NUMMI, and GM." Harvard Business School Case 625-003, July 2024. (Revised October 2024.)
      • June 2024
      • Case

      Growing Foodology into Latin America's Largest Platform for Virtual Restaurants

      By: Jorge Tamayo, Rembrand Koning and Jenyfeer Martinez Buitrago
      This case delves into the expansion strategy of Foodology, a cloud kitchen startup based in Bogotá that operated across four Latin American countries (Colombia, Brazil, Mexico, and Peru). Co-founders Daniela Izquierdo and Juan Guillermo Azuero (both HBS, 2019) grappled... View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Food; Digital Platforms; Product Launch; Growth and Development Strategy; Business Strategy; Business Model; Business Startups; Profit; Marketing Strategy; Expansion; Diversification; Food and Beverage Industry; Latin America; South America; Colombia; Brazil; Mexico; Peru
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      Tamayo, Jorge, Rembrand Koning, and Jenyfeer Martinez Buitrago. "Growing Foodology into Latin America's Largest Platform for Virtual Restaurants." Harvard Business School Case 724-393, June 2024.
      • June 2024 (Revised September 2024)
      • Case

      Driving Scale with Otto

      By: Rebecca Karp, David Allen and Annelena Lobb
      This case asks how startup founders make scaling decisions in light of their priorities for their business and for themselves. Otto was a technology company that applied artificial intelligence technology to sales. It deployed natural language processing to find sales... View Details
      Keywords: Artificial Intelligence; Natural Language Processing; B2B; B2B Innovation; Scaling; Scaling Tech Ventures; Business Startups; AI and Machine Learning; Finance; Sales; Business Strategy; Growth and Development Strategy; Entrepreneurship; Information Technology Industry; United States; Cambridge; New York (city, NY); Spain
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      Karp, Rebecca, David Allen, and Annelena Lobb. "Driving Scale with Otto." Harvard Business School Case 724-407, June 2024. (Revised September 2024.)
      • June 2024
      • Article

      Rationalizing Outcomes: Interdependent Learning in Competitive Markets

      By: Anoop R. Menon and Dennis Yao
      In this article we use simulation models to explore interdependent learning in competitive markets. Such interactions require attention to both the mental representations held by the management of the focal firm as well as the beliefs of that management about the... View Details
      Keywords: Mental Models; Strategic Interactions; Rationalization; Explanation-based View; Competition
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      Menon, Anoop R., and Dennis Yao. "Rationalizing Outcomes: Interdependent Learning in Competitive Markets." Strategy Science 9, no. 2 (June 2024): 97–117.
      • April 2024 (Revised July 2024)
      • Case

      Unleashing Human Magic at Best Buy

      By: Leonard A. Schlesinger, Sunil Gupta and Amram Migdal
      The case examines the transformation of Best Buy under CEO Hubert Joly's leadership from 2012. Facing significant business challenges, including competition from online and physical retailers, Joly implemented the "Renew Blue" turnaround strategy, which focused on... View Details
      Keywords: Change Management; Transformation; Transition; Communication Intention and Meaning; Communication Strategy; Customer Focus and Relationships; Health Care and Treatment; Digital Transformation; Digital Strategy; Job Cuts and Outsourcing; Labor; Leadership Development; Leadership Style; Leading Change; Management Practices and Processes; Management Style; Business or Company Management; Crisis Management; Mission and Purpose; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Organizational Culture; Failure; Success; Personal Development and Career; Strategic Planning; Adaptation; Competition; Alignment; Business Strategy; Retail Industry; Minneapolis; Minnesota; United States
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      Schlesinger, Leonard A., Sunil Gupta, and Amram Migdal. "Unleashing Human Magic at Best Buy." Harvard Business School Case 524-072, April 2024. (Revised July 2024.)
      • April 2024
      • Supplement

      Cyrus 3.0: Turning a Traditional Business Model on Its Head (B)

      By: James Heskett
      The objective of improved work-life balance is achieved. However, it prompts a discussion of whether management should take on special events during what is now a long weekend in order to improve the bottom line even more. The case raises questions about other... View Details
      Keywords: Business Model; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Work-Life Balance; Strategic Planning; Profit
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      Heskett, James. "Cyrus 3.0: Turning a Traditional Business Model on Its Head (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 924-305, April 2024.
      • March 2024
      • Case

      From 'BIG' Ideas to Sustainable Impact at ICL Group (A)

      By: Linda A. Hill and Lydia Begag
      In the summer of 2023, Eduard (“Eddie”) Croitoru, Vice President (VP) of ICL Group (“ICL”) Corporate Initiatives, was reflecting on ICL’s internal ideation program, the Business Innovation for Growth (BIG) Accelerator. When Raviv Zoller became the CEO of ICL in 2018,... View Details
      Keywords: Change Management; Agribusiness; Accounting; Communication; Renewable Energy; Chemicals; Machinery and Machining; Metals and Minerals; Mining; Social Entrepreneurship; Corporate Entrepreneurship; Values and Beliefs; Environmental Sustainability; Natural Resources; Globalization; Information Technology; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Leadership; Organizational Culture; Personal Development and Career; Talent and Talent Management; Manufacturing Industry; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Chemical Industry; Israel; China; United States
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      Hill, Linda A., and Lydia Begag. "From 'BIG' Ideas to Sustainable Impact at ICL Group (A)." Harvard Business School Case 424-042, March 2024.
      • March 7, 2024
      • Article

      Integrating Digital Tools into Every Stage of Your Sales Strategy

      By: Frank V. Cespedes and Georg Krentzel
      In their growth and customer-acquisition activities, most companies now face twin challenges: understanding and responding to omni-channel buying behavior and doing that without inadvertently decreasing sales productivity. Thirty years ago, Peter Drucker noted that... View Details
      Keywords: Sales Management; Digital Tools; Sales; Marketing Channels; Technology Adoption; Brands and Branding
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      Cespedes, Frank V., and Georg Krentzel. "Integrating Digital Tools into Every Stage of Your Sales Strategy." Harvard Business Review (website) (March 7, 2024).
      • March 2024
      • Article

      Do Safety Management System Standards Indicate Safer Operations? Evidence from the OHSAS 18001 Occupational Health and Safety Standard

      By: Kala Viswanathan, Matthew S. Johnson and Michael W. Toffel
      Problem definition: Given the enormous disruptions and costs of occupational injuries, companies and buyers are increasingly looking to voluntary occupational health and safety standards to improve worker safety. Yet because these standards only require... View Details
      Keywords: Occupational Health; Occupational Safety; Program Evaluation; Safety Performance; Injuries; OHSAS 18001; ISO 45001; Working Conditions; Safety; Standards
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      Viswanathan, Kala, Matthew S. Johnson, and Michael W. Toffel. "Do Safety Management System Standards Indicate Safer Operations? Evidence from the OHSAS 18001 Occupational Health and Safety Standard." Art. 106383. Safety Science 171 (March 2024).
      • March 2024
      • Article

      What Makes Groups Emotional

      By: Amit Goldenberg
      When people experience emotions in a group, their emotions tend to have stronger intensity and to last longer. Why is that? This question has occupied thinkers throughout history, and with the use of digital media it is even more pressing today. Historically, attention... View Details
      Keywords: Groups and Teams; Emotions; Cognition and Thinking; Interpersonal Communication
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      Goldenberg, Amit. "What Makes Groups Emotional." Perspectives on Psychological Science 19, no. 2 (March 2024): 489–502.
      • February 26, 2024
      • Article

      Making Workplaces Safer Through Machine Learning

      By: Matthew S. Johnson, David I. Levine and Michael W. Toffel
      Machine learning algorithms can dramatically improve regulatory effectiveness. This short article describes the authors' scholarly work that shows how the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) could have reduced nearly twice as many occupational... View Details
      Keywords: Government Experimentation; Auditing; Inspection; Evaluation; Process Improvement; Government Administration; AI and Machine Learning; Safety; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms
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      Johnson, Matthew S., David I. Levine, and Michael W. Toffel. "Making Workplaces Safer Through Machine Learning." Regulatory Review (February 26, 2024).
      • January 2024 (Revised June 2024)
      • Case

      School of Rock: Tuning into Structured Empowerment (A)

      By: Tatiana Sandino, Jeffrey Rayport, Samuel Grad and Stacy Straaberg
      In summer 2021, School of Rock was a youth-oriented music education company with 291 franchise- and company-owned schools globally. Before CEO Rob Price’s hire in 2017, School of Rock’s nonconformist rock ‘n’ roll culture led to variability in teaching styles,... View Details
      Keywords: Business Growth and Maturation; Business Plan; Change Management; Transformation; Communication Strategy; Decisions; Curriculum and Courses; Teaching; Employee Relationship Management; Knowledge Sharing; Leadership Style; Business or Company Management; Growth and Development Strategy; Management Style; Marketing Strategy; Mission and Purpose; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Organizational Culture; Organizational Structure; Franchise Ownership; Performance Expectations; Performance Improvement; Strategic Planning; Attitudes; Conflict Management; Corporate Strategy; Applications and Software; Technology Adoption; Education Industry; Music Industry; Massachusetts; United States
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      Sandino, Tatiana, Jeffrey Rayport, Samuel Grad, and Stacy Straaberg. "School of Rock: Tuning into Structured Empowerment (A)." Harvard Business School Case 124-043, January 2024. (Revised June 2024.)
      • 2023
      • Article

      Post Hoc Explanations of Language Models Can Improve Language Models

      By: Satyapriya Krishna, Jiaqi Ma, Dylan Slack, Asma Ghandeharioun, Sameer Singh and Himabindu Lakkaraju
      Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in performing complex tasks. Moreover, recent research has shown that incorporating human-annotated rationales (e.g., Chain-of-Thought prompting) during in-context learning can significantly enhance... View Details
      Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Performance Effectiveness
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      Krishna, Satyapriya, Jiaqi Ma, Dylan Slack, Asma Ghandeharioun, Sameer Singh, and Himabindu Lakkaraju. "Post Hoc Explanations of Language Models Can Improve Language Models." Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS) (2023).
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