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Publications

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      • Faculty Publications  (499)

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      • March 2025
      • Case

      Taylor Guitars: Making Employee Ownership Work The Taylor Way

      By: Dennis Campbell, Petros Kusmu and Stacy Straaberg
      In 2013, guitar manufacturer Taylor Guitars’ co-founders Bob Taylor and Kurt Listug were considering several exit options including selling to a competitor or to a private equity firm. The co-founders decided, instead, to embark on a seven-year process to transfer 100%... View Details
      Keywords: Business Exit or Shutdown; Communication Strategy; Strategy; Announcements; Decisions; Music Entertainment; Values and Beliefs; Borrowing and Debt; Geographic Location; Global Range; Governance; Employee Stock Ownership Plan; Management Style; Organizational Culture; Organizational Structure; Private Ownership; Business Strategy; Management Succession; Manufacturing Industry; Entertainment and Recreation Industry; United States; California; San Diego; Mexico; Netherlands
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      Campbell, Dennis, Petros Kusmu, and Stacy Straaberg. "Taylor Guitars: Making Employee Ownership Work The Taylor Way." Harvard Business School Case 125-054, March 2025.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Tax Planning, Illiquidity, and Credit Risks: Evidence from DeFi Lending

      By: Lisa De Simone, Peiyi Jin and Daniel Rabetti
      This study establishes a plausible causal link between tax-planning-induced illiquidity and credit risks in lending markets. Exploiting an exogenous tax shock imposed by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) on cryptocurrency gains, along with millions of transactions in... View Details
      Keywords: Cryptocurrency; Taxation; Financial Liquidity; Credit; Financing and Loans; Financial Markets
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      De Simone, Lisa, Peiyi Jin, and Daniel Rabetti. "Tax Planning, Illiquidity, and Credit Risks: Evidence from DeFi Lending." Working Paper, February 2025.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Dynamic Personalization with Multiple Customer Signals: Multi-Response State Representation in Reinforcement Learning

      By: Liangzong Ma, Ta-Wei Huang, Eva Ascarza and Ayelet Israeli
      Reinforcement learning (RL) offers potential for optimizing sequences of customer interactions by modeling the relationships between customer states, company actions, and long-term value. However, its practical implementation often faces significant challenges.... View Details
      Keywords: Dynamic Policy; Deep Reinforcement Learning; Representation Learning; Dynamic Difficulty Adjustment; Latent Variable Models; Customer Relationship Management; Customer Value and Value Chain; Foreign Direct Investment; Analytics and Data Science
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      Ma, Liangzong, Ta-Wei Huang, Eva Ascarza, and Ayelet Israeli. "Dynamic Personalization with Multiple Customer Signals: Multi-Response State Representation in Reinforcement Learning." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-037, February 2025.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      A Cognitive Theory of Reasoning and Choice

      By: Pedro Bordalo, Nicola Gennaioli, Giacomo Lanzani and Andrei Shleifer
      We present a theory of decisions in which attention to the features of choice options is determined by the decision maker's categorization of the current choice problem in a set of problems she solved in the past. Categorization depends on goal-relevant as well as... View Details
      Keywords: Cognition and Thinking; Perception; Decision Choices and Conditions
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      Bordalo, Pedro, Nicola Gennaioli, Giacomo Lanzani, and Andrei Shleifer. "A Cognitive Theory of Reasoning and Choice." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 33466, February 2025.
      • February 2025
      • Article

      Seeing the Whole: Configurational Cognition and New Venture Resource Mobilization

      By: Goran Calic, François Neville, Santi Furnari and C. S. Richard Chan
      Research is scant on how multiple venture attributes combine as “whole packages” of signals (or cognitive configurations) in resource holders’ eyes, shaping a venture’s ability to mobilize resources. Drawing on a Qualitative Comparative Analysis of 1,395 crowdfunding... View Details
      Keywords: Crowdfunding; Mission and Purpose; Entrepreneurship; Communication; Perception
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      Calic, Goran, François Neville, Santi Furnari, and C. S. Richard Chan. "Seeing the Whole: Configurational Cognition and New Venture Resource Mobilization." Strategic Management Journal 46, no. 2 (February 2025): 309–347.
      • January 2025
      • Case

      Apax Partners: Deciding Whether to Bid for Trader Corp.

      By: Benjamin C. Esty and Edward A. Meyer
      Apax Partners’ investment committee was schedule to meet on March 21, 2011, to decide whether to invest in Trader Corporation, a Canadian classified advertising business for used automobiles with both print (magazines) and digital (website) distribution. What made this... View Details
      Keywords: Value Creation; Network Effects; Private Equity; Growth Management; Digital Marketing; Business Strategy; Competitive Advantage; E-commerce; Valuation; Competition; Digital Platforms; Digital Strategy; Digital Transformation; Transition; Investment; Risk and Uncertainty; Advertising Industry; Auto Industry; Information Industry; Canada; United Kingdom; New York (state, US); New York (city, NY)
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      Esty, Benjamin C., and Edward A. Meyer. "Apax Partners: Deciding Whether to Bid for Trader Corp." Harvard Business School Case 225-032, January 2025.
      • January 2025
      • Article

      Overcoming Barriers to Employee Ownership: Insights from Small and Medium-Sized Businesses

      By: John Guzek and Ashley Whillans
      This research investigates the limited adoption of employee stock ownership plans (ESOPs) among small-to-medium sized businesses (SMBs) in the U.S. Through interviews with 30 SMB owners across various industries, we identify the key barriers to ESOP adoption as lack of... View Details
      Keywords: Profit Sharing; Employee Ownership; Management Practices and Processes; Compensation and Benefits; Small Business; Adoption; Employees
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      Guzek, John, and Ashley Whillans. "Overcoming Barriers to Employee Ownership: Insights from Small and Medium-Sized Businesses." Compensation & Benefits Review 57, no. 1 (January 2025): 64–81.
      • November 2024
      • Case

      Polish Agro: Where Do We Grow from Here?

      By: Willy C. Shih, Lena Duchene and Daniela Beyersdorfer
      By July 2024, Polish Agro had grown into one of Poland’s fastest-growing agribusinesses, with €230 million in revenue, 82 employees, and operations across Northern Poland. The company supported farmers with essential agricultural inputs like fertilizers and seeds,... View Details
      Keywords: Plant-Based Agribusiness; Distribution; Volatility; Customer Focus and Relationships; Customer Value and Value Chain; Climate Change; Environmental Regulation; Profit; Trade; Digital Strategy; Innovation Strategy; Crisis Management; Growth and Development Strategy; Resource Allocation; Advertising; Brands and Branding; E-commerce; Business and Community Relations; Networks; Adaptation; Adoption; Competitive Advantage; Business Model; Health Pandemics; War; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Europe; Poland
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      Shih, Willy C., Lena Duchene, and Daniela Beyersdorfer. "Polish Agro: Where Do We Grow from Here?" Harvard Business School Case 625-061, November 2024.
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Priceless: How to Create, Trade, and Protect What Matters Most

      By: Debora L. Spar
      This article explores the concept of the "sacred economy," a realm of human interactions and exchanges that transcends traditional market dynamics. It illustrates the emotional and relational aspects of human connections that cannot be quantified or traded like... View Details
      Keywords: Valuation; Relationships; Human Needs; Goods and Commodities
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      Spar, Debora L. "Priceless: How to Create, Trade, and Protect What Matters Most." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-028, November 2024.
      • September 2024
      • Case

      Nvidia, Inc. in 2024 and the Future of AI

      By: David B. Yoffie and Sarah von Bargen
      Nvidia was one of the most successful companies in the world, reaching $3.4 trillion in valuation on June 18th, 2024. While Microsoft and Apple quickly recaptured the value crown, some analysts forecasted that Nvidia was so strongly positioned that it might become the... View Details
      Keywords: Customer Value and Value Chain; Price; Technological Innovation; Competition; Vertical Integration; Valuation; Technology Industry
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      Yoffie, David B., and Sarah von Bargen. "Nvidia, Inc. in 2024 and the Future of AI." Harvard Business School Case 725-360, September 2024.
      • September 2024
      • Article

      Sales Coaching and Value Creation

      By: Frank V. Cespedes
      Despite the prevalence of “coachability” in firms’ stated hiring criteria, managers over-estimate the amount of time they actually devote to coaching their people. For example, research indicates that only 15% of sales managers even spend as much as 25% of their time... View Details
      Keywords: Competency and Skills; Employee Relationship Management; Management Practices and Processes
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      Cespedes, Frank V. "Sales Coaching and Value Creation." Top Sales Magazine (September 2024), 20–21.
      • 20 Aug 2024
      • Interview

      Angel City Football Club: A New Business Model for Women’s Sports

      By: Jeffrey F. Rayport, Brian Kenny and Nicole Tempest Keller
      Angel City Football Club (ACFC) was founded in 2020 by venture capitalist Kara Nortman, entrepreneur Julie Uhrman, and actor and activist Natalie Portman. As outsiders to professional sports, the all-female founding team had rewritten the playbook for how to build a... View Details
      Keywords: Brands and Branding; Gender; Franchise Ownership; Business Model; Sports Industry
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      "Angel City Football Club: A New Business Model for Women’s Sports." Cold Call (podcast), Harvard Business Review Group, August 20, 2024. (Interviewed by Brian Kenny.)
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      “If You’re Not There… You’re Not There”: How Art Market Platforms Induce Status Anxiety to Coerce Participation

      By: James Riley and Ezra Zuckerman Sivan
      This paper, an 18-month ethnographic investigation of international art fairs (IAFs), shows how market platforms can have a coercive effect, inducing sellers (i.e., art galleries) to participate despite ambivalence over their value and anxiety over the process by which... View Details
      Keywords: Market Participation; Status and Position; Competition; Demand and Consumers; Fine Arts Industry
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      Riley, James, and Ezra Zuckerman Sivan. "“If You’re Not There… You’re Not There”: How Art Market Platforms Induce Status Anxiety to Coerce Participation." Working Paper, August 2024.
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      The Value of Silence: The Effect of UMG’s Licensing Dispute with TikTok on Music Demand

      By: Mengjie (Magie) Cheng, Elie Ofek and Hema Yoganarasimhan
      Social media platforms like TikTok have transformed how music is discovered, consumed, and monetized. This study examines the implications of the dispute between TikTok and Universal Music Group (UMG), which resulted in UMG excluding its music from TikTok from... View Details
      Keywords: Demand And Consumers; Monetization; Social Media; Revenue; Conflict and Resolution; Music Industry
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      Cheng, Mengjie (Magie), Elie Ofek, and Hema Yoganarasimhan. "The Value of Silence: The Effect of UMG’s Licensing Dispute with TikTok on Music Demand." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-014, July 2024. (Revised October 2024.)
      • June 2024
      • Module Note

      Value Creation Potential of New Business Models

      By: David J. Collis
      A business model is composed of three elements. These describe a generic way of creating value and identify the maximum potential value of that model for customers. The elements of a business model are the “job to be done” for the customer, the asset configuration, or... View Details
      Keywords: Business Model; Corporate Strategy; Mission and Purpose; Competitive Strategy; Value Creation
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      Collis, David J. "Value Creation Potential of New Business Models." Harvard Business School Module Note 724-491, June 2024.
      • July 2024
      • Article

      Mass General Brigham’s Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement System: A Decade of Learnings

      By: Jason B. Liu, Robert S. Kaplan, David W. Bates, Mario O. Edelen, Rachel C. Sisodia and Andrea L. Pusic
      This article describes the strategies that leaders at the Mass General Brigham (MGB) health system have used in launching a standardized patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) collection program in 2012, a major step in the value-based transformation of health care.... View Details
      Keywords: Patient-reported Outcomes; Value Based Health Care; Health Care and Treatment; Transformation; Outcome or Result; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Performance Improvement; Health Industry
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      Liu, Jason B., Robert S. Kaplan, David W. Bates, Mario O. Edelen, Rachel C. Sisodia, and Andrea L. Pusic. "Mass General Brigham’s Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement System: A Decade of Learnings." NEJM Catalyst Innovations in Care Delivery 5, no. 7 (July 2024).
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Investor Influence on Media Coverage: Evidence from Venture Capital-Backed Startups

      By: Brian K. Baik and Albert Shin
      We examine whether and how investors influence media coverage of their private portfolio companies. Using a stacked difference-in-differences design, we find that media coverage of startups increases significantly following venture capital (VC) investment. The effect... View Details
      Keywords: Venture Capital; Entrepreneurship; Media; Reputation; Information
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      Baik, Brian K., and Albert Shin. "Investor Influence on Media Coverage: Evidence from Venture Capital-Backed Startups." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-073, May 2024. (Revised April 2025.)
      • June 2024
      • Article

      Valuing the Societal Impact of Medicines and Other Health Technologies: A User Guide to Current Best Practices

      By: Jason Shafrin, Jaehong Kim, Joshua T. Cohen, Louis P. Garrison, Dana A. Goldman, Jalpa A. Doshi, Joshua Krieger, Darius N. Lakdawalla, Peter J. Neumann, Charles E. Phelps, Melanie D. Whittington and Richard Willke
      This study argues that value assessment conducted from a societal perspective should rely on the Generalized Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (GCEA) framework proposed herein. Recently developed value assessment inventories—such as the Second Panel on Cost-Effectiveness’s... View Details
      Keywords: Health Care and Treatment; Valuation; Cost vs Benefits; Society
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      Shafrin, Jason, Jaehong Kim, Joshua T. Cohen, Louis P. Garrison, Dana A. Goldman, Jalpa A. Doshi, Joshua Krieger, Darius N. Lakdawalla, Peter J. Neumann, Charles E. Phelps, Melanie D. Whittington, and Richard Willke. "Valuing the Societal Impact of Medicines and Other Health Technologies: A User Guide to Current Best Practices." Forum of Health Economics and Policy 27, no. 1 (June 2024): 29–116.
      • May 2024
      • Case

      Naked Wines: The Profit vs. Growth Decision

      By: Benjamin C. Esty and Edward A. Meyer
      Nick Devlin faced a difficult strategic decision in October 2022. As the CEO of a UK-based subscription business connecting wine drinkers in the US, UK, and Australia with winemakers from around the world (which one journalist called the “Netflix of Wine”), he had to... View Details
      Keywords: Profit Vs. Growth; Platform Business; Economies Of Scale; Subscription Business; Wine; Scaling; Racing; Value Creation; Network Effects; Business Startups; Small Business; Financial Management; Financial Strategy; Growth Management; Business Strategy; Competitive Advantage; Expansion; Profit; E-commerce; Growth and Development Strategy; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Food and Beverage Industry; United States; Australia; United Kingdom
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      Esty, Benjamin C., and Edward A. Meyer. "Naked Wines: The Profit vs. Growth Decision." Harvard Business School Case 724-462, May 2024.
      • May 2024
      • Background Note

      Pricing Strategy and Channels of Distribution: Where Value Delivery and Value Capture Intersect

      By: Elie Ofek
      Channels of distribution are a critical component of a firm’s go-to-market strategy. A company may elect to sell its products directly to customers (DTC) without the assistance of any intermediaries or, alternatively, it may seek several channel partners to help it... View Details
      Keywords: Price; Distribution Channels; Business Strategy; Markets
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      Ofek, Elie. "Pricing Strategy and Channels of Distribution: Where Value Delivery and Value Capture Intersect." Harvard Business School Background Note 524-093, May 2024.
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