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- All HBS Web
(7,738)
- People (19)
- News (1,336)
- Research (5,121)
- Events (62)
- Multimedia (60)
- Faculty Publications (3,849)
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- 2023
- Article
MoPe: Model Perturbation-based Privacy Attacks on Language Models
By: Marvin Li, Jason Wang, Jeffrey Wang and Seth Neel
Recent work has shown that Large Language Models (LLMs) can unintentionally leak sensitive information present in their training data. In this paper, we present Model Perturbations (MoPe), a new method to identify with high confidence if a given text is in the training... View Details
Li, Marvin, Jason Wang, Jeffrey Wang, and Seth Neel. "MoPe: Model Perturbation-based Privacy Attacks on Language Models." Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (2023): 13647–13660.
- January 2021
- Article
Using Models to Persuade
By: Joshua Schwartzstein and Adi Sunderam
We present a framework where "model persuaders" influence receivers’ beliefs by proposing models that organize past data to make predictions. Receivers are assumed to find models more compelling when they better explain the data, fixing receivers’ prior beliefs. Model... View Details
Keywords: Model Persuasion; Analytics and Data Science; Forecasting and Prediction; Mathematical Methods; Framework
Schwartzstein, Joshua, and Adi Sunderam. "Using Models to Persuade." American Economic Review 111, no. 1 (January 2021): 276–323.
- April 2013
- Article
Business Model Innovation and Competitive Imitation: The Case of Sponsor-Based Business Models
By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell and Feng Zhu
This paper provides the first formal model of business model innovation. Our analysis focuses on sponsor-based business model innovations where a firm monetizes its product through sponsors rather than setting prices to its customer base. We analyze strategic... View Details
Keywords: Business Model Innovation; Imitation; Sponsor-based Business Model; Strategic Revelation; Strategic Concealment; Business Model; Innovation and Invention; Price; Competitive Strategy; Adoption; Value; Duopoly and Oligopoly; Product; Customers; Market Entry and Exit; Monopoly
Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, and Feng Zhu. "Business Model Innovation and Competitive Imitation: The Case of Sponsor-Based Business Models." Strategic Management Journal 34, no. 4 (April 2013): 464–482.
- Article
Active World Model Learning with Progress Curiosity
By: Kuno Kim, Megumi Sano, Julian De Freitas, Nick Haber and Daniel Yamins
World models are self-supervised predictive models of how the world evolves. Humans learn world models by curiously exploring their environment, in the process acquiring compact abstractions of high bandwidth sensory inputs, the ability to plan across long temporal... View Details
Kim, Kuno, Megumi Sano, Julian De Freitas, Nick Haber, and Daniel Yamins. "Active World Model Learning with Progress Curiosity." Proceedings of the International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML) 37th (2020).
- January 2021
- Article
A Model of Relative Thinking
By: Benjamin Bushong, Matthew Rabin and Joshua Schwartzstein
Fixed differences loom smaller when compared to large differences. We propose a model of relative thinking where a person weighs a given change along a consumption dimension by less when it is compared to bigger changes along that dimension. In deterministic settings,... View Details
Bushong, Benjamin, Matthew Rabin, and Joshua Schwartzstein. "A Model of Relative Thinking." Review of Economic Studies 88, no. 1 (January 2021): 162–191.
- Article
Learning Models for Actionable Recourse
By: Alexis Ross, Himabindu Lakkaraju and Osbert Bastani
As machine learning models are increasingly deployed in high-stakes domains such as legal and financial decision-making, there has been growing interest in post-hoc methods for generating counterfactual explanations. Such explanations provide individuals adversely... View Details
Ross, Alexis, Himabindu Lakkaraju, and Osbert Bastani. "Learning Models for Actionable Recourse." Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS) 34 (2021).
- September 2011
- Article
On Testing Business Models
By: D. Huelsbeck, K. Merchant and Tatiana Sandino
This study explored management decisions regarding formal empirical testing of business models. It documented a test of one company's business model under seemingly favorable conditions for such a test – a successful single product firm following a consistent strategy... View Details
Keywords: Performance Measurement; Non-financial Performance Measures; Business Models; Management Control; Decisions; Business Model; Performance Evaluation
Huelsbeck, D., K. Merchant, and Tatiana Sandino. "On Testing Business Models." Accounting Review 86, no. 5 (September 2011): 1631–1654. (Awarded a Research Grant from the Chartered Institute of Management Accountants.)
- 2023
- Working Paper
Auditing Predictive Models for Intersectional Biases
By: Kate S. Boxer, Edward McFowland III and Daniel B. Neill
Predictive models that satisfy group fairness criteria in aggregate for members of a protected class, but do not guarantee subgroup fairness, could produce biased predictions for individuals at the intersection of two or more protected classes. To address this risk, we... View Details
Boxer, Kate S., Edward McFowland III, and Daniel B. Neill. "Auditing Predictive Models for Intersectional Biases." Working Paper, June 2023.
- June 2018
- Background Note
Valuation Techniques in Private Equity: LBO Model
By: Victoria Ivashina, Alexey Tuzikov and Abhijit Tagade
This note introduces an "LBO model," the main performance assessment and valuation technique used in the private equity industry. View Details
Ivashina, Victoria, Alexey Tuzikov, and Abhijit Tagade. "Valuation Techniques in Private Equity: LBO Model." Harvard Business School Background Note 218-106, June 2018.
- January 2014 (Revised December 2014)
- Case
GenapSys: Business Models for the Genome
By: Richard G. Hamermesh, Joseph B. Fuller and Matthew Preble
GenapSys, a California-based startup, was soon to release a new DNA sequencer that the company's founder, Hesaam Esfandyarpour, believed was truly revolutionary. The sequencer would be substantially less expensive—potentially costing just a few thousand dollars—and... View Details
Keywords: DNA Sequencing; Life Sciences; Business Model; Innovation ＆ Entrepreneurship; Health Care and Treatment; Genetics; Business Strategy; Biotechnology Industry; Pharmaceutical Industry; Technology Industry; Health Industry; Medical Devices and Supplies Industry; United States
Hamermesh, Richard G., Joseph B. Fuller, and Matthew Preble. "GenapSys: Business Models for the Genome." Harvard Business School Case 814-050, January 2014. (Revised December 2014.)
- 2010
- Journal Article
Competitiveness: Business Model Reconfiguration for Innovation and Internationalization
By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell and Joan E. Ricart
The purpose of this paper is to reflect on competitiveness by using the business model concept and to understand the need to adapt business models to changes in the environment. View Details
Keywords: Modeling Innovation; Business Improvement; Spain; Competitive Strategy; Business Model; Change; Globalization; Innovation and Invention; Situation or Environment; Competition
Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, and Joan E. Ricart. "Competitiveness: Business Model Reconfiguration for Innovation and Internationalization." Management Research 8, no. 2 (2010): 123–149.
- March 2015
- Article
Business Model Evaluation: Quantifying Walmart's Sources of Advantage
By: Humberto Brea-Solís, Ramon Casadesus-Masanell and Emili Grifell-Tatjé
We develop an analytical framework on the basis of the economics of business performance to provide quantitative insight into the link between a firm's business model choices and its profit consequences. The method is applied to Walmart by building a qualitative... View Details
Keywords: Business Models; Quantitative Analysis; Walmart; Production Theory; Business Model; Competitive Advantage; Profit
Brea-Solís, Humberto, Ramon Casadesus-Masanell, and Emili Grifell-Tatjé. "Business Model Evaluation: Quantifying Walmart's Sources of Advantage." Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal 9, no. 1 (March 2015): 12–33.
- 26 Apr 2020
- Other Presentation
Towards Modeling the Variability of Human Attention
By: Kuno Kim, Megumi Sano, Julian De Freitas, Daniel Yamins and Nick Haber
Children exhibit extraordinary exploratory behaviors hypothesized to contribute to the building of models of their world. Harnessing this capacity in artificial systems promises not only more flexible technology but also cognitive models of the developmental processes... View Details
Keywords: Exploratory Learning Behaviors; Modeling; Artificial Intelligence; AI and Machine Learning
Kim, Kuno, Megumi Sano, Julian De Freitas, Daniel Yamins, and Nick Haber. "Towards Modeling the Variability of Human Attention." In Bridging AI and Cognitive Science (BAICS) Workshop. 8th International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR), April 26, 2020.
- 2022
- Working Paper
A Linear Panel Model with Heterogeneous Coefficients and Variation in Exposure
By: Jesse M. Shapiro and Liyang Sun
Linear panel models featuring unit and time fixed effects appear in many areas of empirical economics. An active literature studies the interpretation of the ordinary least squares estimator of the model, commonly called the two-way fixed effects (TWFE) estimator, in... View Details
Shapiro, Jesse M., and Liyang Sun. "A Linear Panel Model with Heterogeneous Coefficients and Variation in Exposure." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 29976, April 2022.
- 2024
- Conference Paper
Quantifying Uncertainty in Natural Language Explanations of Large Language Models
By: Himabindu Lakkaraju, Sree Harsha Tanneru and Chirag Agarwal
Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used as powerful tools for several
high-stakes natural language processing (NLP) applications. Recent prompting
works claim to elicit intermediate reasoning steps and key tokens that serve as
proxy explanations for LLM... View Details
Lakkaraju, Himabindu, Sree Harsha Tanneru, and Chirag Agarwal. "Quantifying Uncertainty in Natural Language Explanations of Large Language Models." Paper presented at the Society for Artificial Intelligence and Statistics, 2024.
- Article
Faithful and Customizable Explanations of Black Box Models
By: Himabindu Lakkaraju, Ece Kamar, Rich Caruana and Jure Leskovec
As predictive models increasingly assist human experts (e.g., doctors) in day-to-day decision making, it is crucial for experts to be able to explore and understand how such models behave in different feature subspaces in order to know if and when to trust them. To... View Details
Lakkaraju, Himabindu, Ece Kamar, Rich Caruana, and Jure Leskovec. "Faithful and Customizable Explanations of Black Box Models." Proceedings of the AAAI/ACM Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Ethics, and Society (2019).
- Article
Reliable Post hoc Explanations: Modeling Uncertainty in Explainability
By: Dylan Slack, Sophie Hilgard, Sameer Singh and Himabindu Lakkaraju
As black box explanations are increasingly being employed to establish model credibility in high stakes settings, it is important to ensure that these explanations are accurate and reliable. However, prior work demonstrates that explanations generated by... View Details
Keywords: Black Box Explanations; Bayesian Modeling; Decision Making; Risk and Uncertainty; Information Technology
Slack, Dylan, Sophie Hilgard, Sameer Singh, and Himabindu Lakkaraju. "Reliable Post hoc Explanations: Modeling Uncertainty in Explainability." Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS) 34 (2021).
- July–August 2013
- Article
A Joint Model of Usage and Churn in Contractual Settings
By: Eva Ascarza and Bruce G.S. Hardie
As firms become more customer-centric, concepts such as customer equity come to the fore. Any serious attempt to quantify customer equity requires modeling techniques that can provide accurate multiperiod forecasts of customer behavior. Although a number of researchers... View Details
Keywords: Churn; Retention; Contractual Settings; Access Services; Hidden Markov Models; RFM; Latent Variable Models; Customer Value and Value Chain; Consumer Behavior
Ascarza, Eva, and Bruce G.S. Hardie. "A Joint Model of Usage and Churn in Contractual Settings." Marketing Science 32, no. 4 (July–August 2013): 570–590.
- December 2004 (Revised October 2017)
- Background Note
Subscriber Models
By: Mihir Desai, Robin Greenwood, Scott Mayfield and Lucy White
Introduces the subscriber model as an alternative valuation framework for firms whose revenues can be traced to repeated transactions with customers. View Details
Desai, Mihir, Robin Greenwood, Scott Mayfield, and Lucy White. "Subscriber Models." Harvard Business School Background Note 205-061, December 2004. (Revised October 2017.)
- February 2017 (Revised December 2018)
- Module Note
The Entrepreneurial Manager, Module I: Defining and Developing the Business Model
The first module of The Entrepreneurial Manager (TEM) focuses on business model analysis and lean testing. Your business model defines your company and sets its strategic direction, including customer value proposition, operations, scaling, the context in which the... View Details
Keywords: Entrepreneurial Management; Business Models; Lean Startup; Business Model; Analysis; Entrepreneurship; Management
Kerr, William R., Mark Roberge, and Paul A. Gompers. "The Entrepreneurial Manager, Module I: Defining and Developing the Business Model." Harvard Business School Module Note 817-108, February 2017. (Revised December 2018.)