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    • All HBS Web  (522)
      • Faculty Publications  (132)

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      • April 2025
      • Case

      Breezm: Innovative 3D-Printed Eyewear (A)

      By: Juan Alcácer, Brian Mao Fu and Adina Wong
      In 2023, Breezm, a South Korean startup, faced a strategic decision about how to grow its innovative 3D-printed, custom-fit eyewear business. Co-founded in 2017 by Zenma Park and Wooseok Sung, Breezm combined facial scanning, AI, and in-house production to solve the... View Details
      Keywords: 3D Printing; Eyeyewear; Growth; Business Startups; AI and Machine Learning; Technological Innovation; Growth and Development Strategy; Risk and Uncertainty; Expansion; South Korea
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      Alcácer, Juan, Brian Mao Fu, and Adina Wong. "Breezm: Innovative 3D-Printed Eyewear (A)." Harvard Business School Case 725-376, April 2025.
      • March 2025
      • Case

      Skylight: Hit Product or Scalable Company?

      By: Rembrand Koning, Christina Wallace and Jeff Huizinga
      Skylight, originally a digital frame startup aimed at connecting dispersed families, expanded with a second product—Calendar—to help families manage schedules. Despite significant potential, Calendar struggled with persistent technical issues and poor customer... View Details
      Keywords: Culture; Software; Hardware; Entrepreneurship; Business Startups; Customer Satisfaction; Resource Allocation; Product Launch; Business Strategy; Expansion
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      Koning, Rembrand, Christina Wallace, and Jeff Huizinga. "Skylight: Hit Product or Scalable Company?" Harvard Business School Case 825-143, March 2025.
      • October 2024 (Revised February 2025)
      • Case

      Lanco Medical Group: Fostering Happiness for Growth

      By: Susanna Gallani, Jenyfeer Martínez Buitrago and Katherine Sonnefeldt
      This case describes how Lanco Medical Group, a fast-growing pharmaceutical distributor serving Latin America, approached the design of their employee benefits and incentives program. After learning about gaps between what leadership believed motivated employees and... View Details
      Keywords: Fairness; Compensation and Benefits; Retention; Growth Management; Motivation and Incentives; Expansion; Pharmaceutical Industry; Latin America
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      Gallani, Susanna, Jenyfeer Martínez Buitrago, and Katherine Sonnefeldt. "Lanco Medical Group: Fostering Happiness for Growth." Harvard Business School Case 125-062, October 2024. (Revised February 2025.)
      • July 2024
      • Case

      RMZ 4.0: 'How Fast Do We Want to Run?'

      By: Boris Groysberg and Sarah L. Abbott
      In 2023, RMZ Corporation (“RMZ”) a large family-owned real estate firm based in Bengaluru, India, announced plans to transform from a commercial real estate developer to a diversified alternative asset owner. Over the next 5 years, RMZ looked to grow its real estate... View Details
      Keywords: International Expansion; Growth Management; Family Business; Talent and Talent Management; Goals and Objectives; Transformation; Growth and Development Strategy; Diversification; Change Management; Global Strategy; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Real Estate Industry; India
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      Groysberg, Boris, and Sarah L. Abbott. "RMZ 4.0: 'How Fast Do We Want to Run?'." Harvard Business School Case 425-010, July 2024.
      • June 2024
      • Case

      Alignvest Student Housing: Keep Building or Time to Sell?

      By: Shikhar Ghosh and Patrick Sanguineti
      Sanjil Shah, Managing Partner of Alignvest Student Housing REIT (ASH), faces the most significant decision thus far in his career: is it the right time to sell the company? Together with his partner Reza Satchu, Shah had developed ASH into the largest student housing... View Details
      Keywords: Exit Strategy; Real Estate; Founder; Equity Valuation; Decisions; Entrepreneurial Finance; Interest Rates; Health Pandemics; Housing; Partners and Partnerships; Expansion; Entrepreneurship; Business Exit or Shutdown; Canada
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      Ghosh, Shikhar, and Patrick Sanguineti. "Alignvest Student Housing: Keep Building or Time to Sell?" Harvard Business School Case 824-208, June 2024.
      • May 2024 (Revised May 2025)
      • Case

      Hakluyt: From Corporate Intelligence to Trusted Advisors

      By: Joseph B. Fuller and Lena Duchene
      Established in 1995 by a group of ex-British intelligence officers, Hakluyt & Company (Hakluyt) was a corporate advisory firm that generated insights by leveraging a unique blend of internal expertise and a global network of well-connected individuals. Since 2019, the... View Details
      Keywords: Business Growth and Maturation; Business Model; Talent and Talent Management; Capital Structure; Cash Flow; Corporate Finance; Equity; Stock Shares; Corporate Governance; Business History; Compensation and Benefits; Recruitment; Leadership Style; Growth Management; Management Succession; Organizational Culture; Performance Evaluation; Networks; Partners and Partnerships; Business Strategy; Competitive Advantage; Transformation; Consulting Industry; Europe; United Kingdom; England; London
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      Fuller, Joseph B., and Lena Duchene. "Hakluyt: From Corporate Intelligence to Trusted Advisors." Harvard Business School Case 824-200, May 2024. (Revised May 2025.)
      • April 2024 (Revised November 2024)
      • Case

      Moderna: Pioneering a People Platform to Accelerate Science Innovation

      By: Tatiana Sandino, Emil Dy and Samuel Grad
      Moderna was founded in 2010 to explore how messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) could be used to create breakthrough medicines by encoding instructions for the body to create antibodies. When Stéphane Bancel (HBS 2000) took over in 2011, he bet on the potential of this... View Details
      Keywords: Disruptive Innovation; Talent and Talent Management; Selection and Staffing; AI and Machine Learning; Digital Strategy; Innovation and Management; Leadership Development; Management Practices and Processes; Management Systems; Organizational Culture; Performance Evaluation; Alignment; Employee Relationship Management; Science-Based Business; Expansion; Pharmaceutical Industry; Biotechnology Industry; United States
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      Sandino, Tatiana, Emil Dy, and Samuel Grad. "Moderna: Pioneering a People Platform to Accelerate Science Innovation." Harvard Business School Case 124-091, April 2024. (Revised November 2024.)
      • March 2024
      • Case

      Nomad: A License to Bank

      By: Paul A. Gompers and Pedro Levindo
      In late 2023, Lucas Vargas, CEO and co-founder of Nomad, a fintech that offered financial services in the United States for Brazilian residents, had to decide what to do to ensure the company’s continued expansion. Nomad launched its first product, a U.S. digital bank... View Details
      Keywords: Mergers and Acquisitions; Business Startups; Customer Satisfaction; Decision Making; Entrepreneurship; Banks and Banking; Initial Public Offering; Global Strategy; Growth and Development Strategy; Brands and Branding; Marketing Strategy; Product Launch; Organizational Culture; Going Public; Ownership Stake; Innovation and Invention; Strategic Planning; Business and Government Relations; Business and Stakeholder Relations; Risk and Uncertainty; Business Strategy; Competitive Advantage; Corporate Strategy; Diversification; Expansion; Vertical Integration; Leadership; Law; Banking Industry; Technology Industry; Service Industry; Brazil; United States; North America; Latin America
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      Gompers, Paul A., and Pedro Levindo. "Nomad: A License to Bank." Harvard Business School Case 824-144, March 2024.
      • February 2024 (Revised April 2024)
      • Case

      Finberg: Corporate Venture Capital in Türkiye

      By: Paul A. Gompers and Namrata Arora
      In December 2021, Murat Özyeğin, Chairman of Fiba Holding, along with Ömer Mert and İhsan Elgin, engaged in discussions about the future of United Payment, a fintech company in which Finberg, a subsidiary of Fibabanka, held a 20% stake. Finberg, established in 2018 as... View Details
      Keywords: Corporate Venture Capital; Technology; Return On Investment; Venture Capital; Investment; Strategy; Technological Innovation; Competition; Valuation; Acquisition; Business Startups; Information Technology Industry; Banking Industry; Middle East; North Africa; Turkey; Ukraine; Romania; Poland
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      Gompers, Paul A., and Namrata Arora. "Finberg: Corporate Venture Capital in Türkiye." Harvard Business School Case 824-175, February 2024. (Revised April 2024.)
      • February 2024
      • Case

      FIGS: Scrubbing the Status Quo

      By: Jeffrey F. Rayport and Nicole Tempest Keller
      In October 2023, FIGS had revolutionized the medical scrubs industry with its fashionable and functional designs, but the venture was at a critical juncture. The digitally native vertical brand (DNVB) had gone public in a successful IPO in 2021 and reached $500 million... View Details
      Keywords: Marketing Channels; Corporate Strategy; Business Growth and Maturation; Business Model; Decision Choices and Conditions; Competitive Strategy; Expansion; Apparel and Accessories Industry; Fashion Industry; United States; California; Los Angeles; Europe; Canada
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      Rayport, Jeffrey F., and Nicole Tempest Keller. "FIGS: Scrubbing the Status Quo." Harvard Business School Case 824-062, February 2024.
      • 2024
      • Case

      Christiana Figueres and the Paris Climate Negotiations (A)

      By: James K. Sebenius, Laurence A. Green, Hannah Riley-Bowles, Lara SanPietro and Mina Subramanian
      This three-part, stop action case study, structured for classroom discussion, centers on Harvard’s Program on Negotiation 2022 Great Negotiator, Christiana Figueres, and her efforts as Executive Secretary of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change... View Details
      Keywords: Climate Change; Negotiation; Environmental Regulation; International Relations; Leadership
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      Sebenius, James K., Laurence A. Green, Hannah Riley-Bowles, Lara SanPietro, and Mina Subramanian. "Christiana Figueres and the Paris Climate Negotiations (A)." Program on Negotiation at Harvard Law School Case, 2024.
      • 2024
      • Case

      Christiana Figueres and the Paris Climate Negotiations (B)

      By: James K. Sebenius, Laurence A. Green, Hannah Riley-Bowles, Lara SanPietro and Mina Subramanian
      This three-part, stop action case study, structured for classroom discussion, centers on Harvard’s Program on Negotiation 2022 Great Negotiator, Christiana Figueres, and her efforts as Executive Secretary of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change... View Details
      Keywords: Climate Change; Negotiation; Environmental Regulation; International Relations; Leadership
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      Sebenius, James K., Laurence A. Green, Hannah Riley-Bowles, Lara SanPietro, and Mina Subramanian. "Christiana Figueres and the Paris Climate Negotiations (B)." Program on Negotiation at Harvard Law School Case, 2024.
      • 2024
      • Case

      Christiana Figueres and the Paris Climate Negotiations: Figueres the Negotiator (C)

      By: James K. Sebenius, Laurence A. Green, Hannah Riley-Bowles, Lara SanPietro and Mina Subramanian
      This three-part, stop action case study, structured for classroom discussion, centers on Harvard’s Program on Negotiation 2022 Great Negotiator, Christiana Figueres, and her efforts as Executive Secretary of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change... View Details
      Keywords: Climate Change; Negotiation; Environmental Management; International Relations; Leadership
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      Sebenius, James K., Laurence A. Green, Hannah Riley-Bowles, Lara SanPietro, and Mina Subramanian. "Christiana Figueres and the Paris Climate Negotiations: Figueres the Negotiator (C)." Program on Negotiation at Harvard Law School Case, 2024.
      • October 2023 (Revised March 2024)
      • Case

      Fantuan

      By: Feng Zhu and David Lane
      In 2023, CEO Randy Wu was considering the optimal growth strategy for Fantuan, a restaurant food delivery platform that had expanded from its 2014 founding in Vancouver, Canada to serve the Chinese demand for Asian cuisine in urban markets across Australia, Canada, the... View Details
      Keywords: Business Startups; Customer Focus and Relationships; Diasporas; Entrepreneurship; Digital Platforms; Growth Management; Business Strategy; Diversification; Expansion; Growth and Development Strategy; Service Industry; Food and Beverage Industry; United States; Canada; United Kingdom; Australia
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      Zhu, Feng, and David Lane. "Fantuan." Harvard Business School Case 624-023, October 2023. (Revised March 2024.)
      • June 2023
      • Case

      Royal Golden Eagle: Pursuing Cross-border Expansion with Bold Ambition

      By: Kristin E. Fabbe, Dante Roscini, Adina Wong and Dawn H. Lau
      About how Singapore-based natural resources firm Royal Golden Eagle, starting with a palm oil business in Indonesia, eventually expanded into a global conglomerate that also included the kraft pulp and paper, viscose, and natural gas industries. View Details
      Keywords: Singapore; Indonesia; China; Canada; Cross Border; International Trade; Commodities; Expansion; Globalized Firms and Management; Business Conglomerates; Pulp and Paper Industry; Energy Industry; Forest Products Industry; Singapore; Indonesia; China; Canada
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      Fabbe, Kristin E., Dante Roscini, Adina Wong, and Dawn H. Lau. "Royal Golden Eagle: Pursuing Cross-border Expansion with Bold Ambition." Harvard Business School Case 723-022, June 2023.
      • 2023
      • Case

      Christiana Figueres and the Collaborative Approach to Negotiating Climate Action

      By: James K. Sebenius, Laurence A. Green, Hannah Riley-Bowles, Lara SanPietro and Mina Subramanian
      This case study centers on Harvard’s Program on Negotiation 2022 Great Negotiator, Christiana Figueres, and her efforts as Executive Secretary of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) to build momentum for, and ultimately pass, the 2015... View Details
      Keywords: Climate Change; Negotiation; Environmental Regulation; International Relations; Leadership
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      Sebenius, James K., Laurence A. Green, Hannah Riley-Bowles, Lara SanPietro, and Mina Subramanian. "Christiana Figueres and the Collaborative Approach to Negotiating Climate Action." Program on Negotiation at Harvard Law School Case, 2023. Electronic.
      • February 2023 (Revised April 2023)
      • Case

      Kvadrat: Focus, Execute, and Grow

      By: Boris Groysberg and Sarah L. Abbott
      Kvadrat was a family-owned global textiles company. The company had enjoyed impressive top-line growth and was shifting gears to emphasize profitability via a shorter strategic agenda. Agenda items included: U.S. expansion, generating improved margins in its consumer... View Details
      Keywords: Growth; Culture; International Expansion; Organization; Family Business; Leadership; Growth and Development; Strategy; Organizations; Supply Chain; Family Ownership; Profit; Organizational Culture; Denmark
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      Groysberg, Boris, and Sarah L. Abbott. "Kvadrat: Focus, Execute, and Grow." Harvard Business School Case 423-071, February 2023. (Revised April 2023.)
      • Fall 2022
      • Article

      China's Political Economy and International Backlash: From Interdependence to Security Dilemma Dynamics

      By: Margaret Pearson, Meg Rithmire and Kellee Tsai
      Contrary to expectations that economic interdependence might lessen security conflict between China and the U.S. and its allies, much of the contestation between China and several OECD countries has focused on firms and economic links. This paper explains the... View Details
      Keywords: Globalized Markets and Industries; Government and Politics; Information Technology; China
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      Pearson, Margaret, Meg Rithmire, and Kellee Tsai. "China's Political Economy and International Backlash: From Interdependence to Security Dilemma Dynamics." International Security 47, no. 2 (Fall 2022): 135–176.
      • August 2022
      • Case

      In-Q-Tel: Innovation On A Mission

      By: Joshua Lev Krieger and Josh Lerner
      In 2022, the leaders of In-Q-Tel (IQT) considered what was next for the unique mission-driven organization. Since 1999, IQT had one mission: to be the most sophisticated source of strategic technical knowledge and capabilities to the U.S. government and its allies. IQT... View Details
      Keywords: Mission and Purpose; National Security; Technological Innovation; Research; Geopolitical Units; Risk Management; Recruitment; Growth and Development Strategy; Venture Capital; Knowledge Management; Information Industry; Banking Industry
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      Krieger, Joshua Lev, and Josh Lerner. "In-Q-Tel: Innovation On A Mission." Harvard Business School Case 823-031, August 2022.
      • July 2022
      • Case

      Yinglan Tan: Scaling a Venture Capital Firm in Southeast Asia

      By: Josh Lerner and Richard Zhu
      Yinglan Tan considered the future of his young Singapore-based venture capital firm. On the one hand, the intuition that was behind the initial creation of Insignia in 2017 had been proven correct. The venture capital market in Southeast Asia had grown rapidly, driven... View Details
      Keywords: E-commerce; Scalability; Globalized Markets and Industries; Venture Capital; International Finance; Growth and Development; Expansion
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      Lerner, Josh, and Richard Zhu. "Yinglan Tan: Scaling a Venture Capital Firm in Southeast Asia." Harvard Business School Case 823-025, July 2022.
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