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      • May 2025
      • Background Note

      Social Enterprise in Latin America

      By: Brian L. Trelstad and Karina Souza
      This research note provides an overview of the social enterprise ecosystem in Latin America, exploring current dynamics across key markets, including country-specific insights on Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, Colombia, Chile, and Central America. In a region characterized... View Details
      Keywords: Latin America; Brazil; Mexico; Argentina; Colombia; Chile; Impact Investing; Developing Countries and Economies; Social Entrepreneurship; Emerging Markets; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Mission and Purpose; Ownership; Social Enterprise; Business Strategy; Equality and Inequality; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Banking Industry; Financial Services Industry; Information Technology Industry; Latin America; Brazil; Mexico; Argentina; Colombia; Chile; Guatemala; Central America
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      Trelstad, Brian L., and Karina Souza. "Social Enterprise in Latin America." Harvard Business School Background Note 325-117, May 2025.
      • May 2025
      • Case

      'Net Zero in Action': Impact Investing at the McKnight Foundation

      By: Lauren Cohen, Christina R. Wing and Sophia Pan
      Elizabeth McGeveran, Vice President of Investments at the McKnight Foundation, reflected on how to effectively advance the organization’s net-zero strategy. The foundation had committed 10% of its endowment to building a portfolio of impact investments and was among... View Details
      Keywords: Investment Fund; Philanthropy; Charitable Donations; Sustainability; Foundation; Impact Investing; ESG; Family Business; Forecasting and Prediction; Private Sector; Renewable Energy; Social Entrepreneurship; Climate Change; Environmental Sustainability; Green Technology; Financial Strategy; Investment Funds; Investment Portfolio; Institutional Investing; Corporate Accountability; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Mission and Purpose; Private Ownership; Philanthropy and Charitable Giving; Social Issues; Sustainable Cities; Financial Services Industry; Minnesota; United States
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      Cohen, Lauren, Christina R. Wing, and Sophia Pan. "'Net Zero in Action': Impact Investing at the McKnight Foundation." Harvard Business School Case 225-095, May 2025.
      • 2024
      • Case

      EPCorp: Convincing the C-Suite

      By: Jacob M. Cook
      In EPCorp: Convincing the C-Suite, Shivani Bahl is attempting to sell EPCorp's CEO, Debbie Sullivan, on her ideas for not only a new website upgrade but also a more expansive vision on how data and Generative AI can be used to grow the company. Debbie is understandably... View Details
      Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; E-commerce; Growth and Development Strategy
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      Cook, Jacob M. "EPCorp: Convincing the C-Suite." Harvard Business Publishing Case, 2024. (Quick Case.)
      • May–June 2025
      • Article

      Sustainability as a Business-Model Transformation

      By: Ivanka Visnjic, Felipe Monteiro and Michael L. Tushman
      Many global companies have made public commitments to sustainability targets. Fulfilling these commitments will require firms to transform their business models and organizational architectures. A few pioneers are leading the way, demonstrating that companies can make... View Details
      Keywords: Environmental Sustainability; Business Model
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      Visnjic, Ivanka, Felipe Monteiro, and Michael L. Tushman. "Sustainability as a Business-Model Transformation." Harvard Business Review 103, no. 3 (May–June 2025): 80–89.
      • 2025
      • Chapter

      Institutional Entrepreneurship and Climate Change

      By: Ann-Kristin Bergquist and Geoffrey Jones
      This chapter explores when and why private regulatory governance systems became the primary form of global environmental governance. The chapter explores two different historical paths in such private regulation and how they came about. The first path involved... View Details
      Keywords: Institutional Entrepreneurship; Environment; Climate Change; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Environmental Regulation; Standards; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact
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      Bergquist, Ann-Kristin, and Geoffrey Jones. "Institutional Entrepreneurship and Climate Change." Chap. 1 in Climate Change and Business: Historical Perspectives, edited by Teresa da Silva Lopes, Paul Duguid, and Robert Fredona, 8–29. London, United Kingdom: Routledge, 2025.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Management and Firm Dynamism

      By: Nicholas Bloom, Jonathan S. Hartley, Raffaella Sadun, Rachel Schuh and John Van Reenen
      We show better-managed firms are more dynamic in plant acquisitions, disposals, openings and closings in U.S. Census and international data. Better-managed firms also birth better-managed plants, and improve the performance of the plants they acquire. To explain these... View Details
      Keywords: Management Practices; Productivity; Management Practices and Processes; Mergers and Acquisitions; Competition; Business or Company Management; Performance Productivity
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      Bloom, Nicholas, Jonathan S. Hartley, Raffaella Sadun, Rachel Schuh, and John Van Reenen. "Management and Firm Dynamism." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-052, April 2025.
      • April 2025
      • Case

      Kleiner Perkins (2019)

      By: Jo Tango and Srimayi Mylavarapu
      Kleiner Perkins, founded in 1972, quickly rose to prominence as one of Silicon Valley’s leading venture capital firms, earning a reputation for early investments in industry giants like Google, Amazon, and Citrix. However, a bold, strategic pivot to cleantech investing... View Details
      Keywords: Venture Capital; Investment Funds; Technological Innovation; Entrepreneurial Finance
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      Tango, Jo, and Srimayi Mylavarapu. "Kleiner Perkins (2019)." Harvard Business School Case 825-193, April 2025.
      • April 2025 (Revised May 2025)
      • Background Note

      Customer Acquisition and the Cash Flow Trap

      By: E. Ofek, Barak Libai and Eitan Muller
      Startups as well as existing firms recognize the need to invest in order to acquire customers for their new ventures. And as each customer is expected at some point to have generated sufficient gross margins to cover their CAC, management expects that, soon enough, the... View Details
      Keywords: Business Model; Customers; Forecasting and Prediction; Cash Flow; Business or Company Management
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      Ofek, E., Barak Libai, and Eitan Muller. "Customer Acquisition and the Cash Flow Trap." Harvard Business School Background Note 525-056, April 2025. (Revised May 2025.)
      • April 2025
      • Case

      Techint: Strategic Choices for Community Impact

      By: Lauren Cohen, Virak Prum, Kenneth Charman, Pedro Levindo and Mariana Cal
      In early 2024 Erika Bienek, Chief Community Relations Officer at Techint, had to decide whether to invest in a new company-owned and operated technical school in Veracruz, Mexico, or invest instead in strengthening the city’s public education system. Techint, a global... View Details
      Keywords: Technical Institutes; Community Relations; Social Impact; Argentina; Mexico; Brazil; Conglomerate; Stakeholder Management; Government And Business; Community Impact; Philanthropy; Business Conglomerates; Business Subsidiaries; Business Headquarters; Family Business; Decision Making; Private Sector; Public Sector; Education; Curriculum and Courses; Middle School Education; Secondary Education; Teaching; Training; Learning; Energy; Engineering; Construction; Values and Beliefs; Geography; Global Range; Local Range; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Globalized Firms and Management; Government Legislation; Recruitment; Innovation and Invention; Disruptive Innovation; Knowledge; Resource Allocation; Industry Clusters; Infrastructure; Family Ownership; Philanthropy and Charitable Giving; Business and Community Relations; Business and Stakeholder Relations; Business and Government Relations; Creativity; Reputation; Social and Collaborative Networks; Civil Society or Community; Social Issues; Poverty; Strategy; Construction Industry; Education Industry; Energy Industry; Industrial Products Industry; Manufacturing Industry; Steel Industry; Europe; Italy; Latin America; North and Central America; Mexico; North America; United States; South America; Argentina; Buenos Aires; Brazil
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      Cohen, Lauren, Virak Prum, Kenneth Charman, Pedro Levindo, and Mariana Cal. "Techint: Strategic Choices for Community Impact." Harvard Business School Case 825-058, April 2025.
      • April 2025 (Revised April 2025)
      • Case

      JPMorganChase: Leadership in the Age of GenAI

      By: Iavor I. Bojinov, Karim R. Lakhani and David Lane
      This case study examines JPMorgan Chase's (JPMC) journey in adopting and implementing Generative AI (GenAI) following the release of ChatGPT. It outlines JPMC's initial cautious approach focused on data security, followed by strategic investments in internal platforms... View Details
      Keywords: Banks and Banking; Governance Controls; Information Technology; AI and Machine Learning; Analytics and Data Science; Cybersecurity; Digital Platforms; Digital Transformation; Information Management; Information Infrastructure; Technology Adoption; Job Cuts and Outsourcing; Knowledge Management; Knowledge Sharing; Leading Change; Growth and Development Strategy; Marketing; Product Development; Performance Improvement; Customization and Personalization; Financial Services Industry; United States
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      Bojinov, Iavor I., Karim R. Lakhani, and David Lane. "JPMorganChase: Leadership in the Age of GenAI." Harvard Business School Case 325-066, April 2025. (Revised April 2025.)
      • April 2025
      • Case

      Breezm: Innovative 3D-Printed Eyewear (A)

      By: Juan Alcácer, Brian Mao Fu and Adina Wong
      In 2023, Breezm, a South Korean startup, faced a strategic decision about how to grow its innovative 3D-printed, custom-fit eyewear business. Co-founded in 2017 by Zenma Park and Wooseok Sung, Breezm combined facial scanning, AI, and in-house production to solve the... View Details
      Keywords: 3D Printing; Eyeyewear; Growth; Business Startups; AI and Machine Learning; Technological Innovation; Growth and Development Strategy; Risk and Uncertainty; Expansion; South Korea
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      Alcácer, Juan, Brian Mao Fu, and Adina Wong. "Breezm: Innovative 3D-Printed Eyewear (A)." Harvard Business School Case 725-376, April 2025.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Training Within Firms

      By: Brayan Diaz, Andrea Neyra-Nazarrett, Julian Ramirez, Raffaella Sadun and Jorge Tamayo
      Training investments are essential for improving worker and firm productivity, yet their implementation is often hindered by low participation rates and insufficient worker engagement. This study uses data from three firms–a car manufacturer, a quick-service... View Details
      Keywords: Productivity; Absenteeism; Middle Managers; Training; Management Practices and Processes; Performance Productivity; Employees
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      Diaz, Brayan, Andrea Neyra-Nazarrett, Julian Ramirez, Raffaella Sadun, and Jorge Tamayo. "Training Within Firms." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-045, April 2025.
      • April 2025
      • Article

      How Central Banks Manage Climate and Energy Transition Risks

      By: Esther Shears, Jonas Meckling and Jared Finnegan
      Central banks have begun to examine and manage climate risks, including both transition risks of moving from fossil fuels to clean energy and physical climate risks. Here we provide a systematic assessment of how and why central banks address climate risks on the basis... View Details
      Keywords: Banks and Banking; Risk and Uncertainty; Climate Change; Transition; Risk Management
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      Shears, Esther, Jonas Meckling, and Jared Finnegan. "How Central Banks Manage Climate and Energy Transition Risks." Nature Energy 10, no. 4 (April 2025): 470–478.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Performance Capital Flows in DC Pensions

      By: Bryan Gutierrez Cortez, Victoria Ivashina and Juliana Salomao
      Are defined contribution (DC) pension funds' capital flows sensitive to performance? We examine pressures from individual account holders who can switch their pension managers. Using novel data on retirement accounts for nearly 10 million individuals, we analyze... View Details
      Keywords: Investment Funds; Retirement; Risk and Uncertainty; Financial Management; Investment Portfolio; Financial Services Industry
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      Gutierrez Cortez, Bryan, Victoria Ivashina, and Juliana Salomao. "Performance Capital Flows in DC Pensions." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 33693, April 2025.
      • April 2025
      • Article

      The Allocation of Socially Responsible Capital

      By: Daniel Green and Benjamin N. Roth
      Portfolio allocation decisions increasingly incorporate social values. We develop a tractable framework to study how competition between investors to own socially valuable assets affects social welfare. Relative to the most common social-investing strategies, we... View Details
      Keywords: Socially Responsible Investing; Investment Portfolio; Welfare; Social Issues; Investment Return
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      Green, Daniel, and Benjamin N. Roth. "The Allocation of Socially Responsible Capital." Journal of Finance 80, no. 2 (April 2025): 755–781.
      • March 2025 (Revised June 2025)
      • Case

      Designing the Future of Work: Atlassian’s Distributed Work Practices

      By: Ashley Whillans and Gabriel Rondón Ichikawa
      In early 2020, the software company Atlassian made a bold commitment: employees could work from anywhere—forever. While many tech peers reversed course on remote work, Atlassian worked to optimize their fully distributed model across 13 countries. This case follows... View Details
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      Whillans, Ashley, and Gabriel Rondón Ichikawa. "Designing the Future of Work: Atlassian’s Distributed Work Practices." Harvard Business School Case 925-029, March 2025. (Revised June 2025.)
      • March 2025
      • Case

      Stagwell: AI and the Future of Marketing

      By: Suraj Srinivasan and Radhika Kak
      In early 2025, Mark Penn, Founder, CEO and Chairman of Stagwell, a global marketing company with a network of over 70+ agencies that served over 4000 blue-chip customers across 40 countries, was looking at ways that marketers should navigate the disruption emanating... View Details
      Keywords: Advertising; Innovation Strategy; Change Management; AI and Machine Learning; Digital Transformation; Technology Adoption; Marketing Strategy; Service Delivery; Creativity; Business Model; Advertising Industry; Technology Industry
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      Srinivasan, Suraj, and Radhika Kak. "Stagwell: AI and the Future of Marketing." Harvard Business School Case 125-089, March 2025.
      • March 2025 (Revised March 2025)
      • Case

      Good for the Seller, Good for the Buyer and Good for Society: Sampo-yoshi, Sustainability and Trust at ITOCHU

      By: Sandra J. Sucher and Bethelehem Y Araya
      In 2024, ITOCHU CEO Masahiro Okafuji was at a crossroads. As the thirteenth CEO since ITOCHU’s founding in 1858, he had fueled the company’s growth since 2011 by bringing ITOCHU’s founding philosophy of Sampo-yoshi (good for the seller, good for the buyer and... View Details
      Keywords: Sustainability; Trust; Profit; Growth and Development Strategy; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Mission and Purpose; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Environmental Sustainability; Japan
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      Sucher, Sandra J., and Bethelehem Y Araya. "Good for the Seller, Good for the Buyer and Good for Society: Sampo-yoshi, Sustainability and Trust at ITOCHU." Harvard Business School Case 325-053, March 2025. (Revised March 2025.)
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      How to Choose Among Technologies with Learning Curves: Making Better Investment Decisions

      By: Christian Kaps and Arielle Anderer
      Learning curves, the fact that technologies improve as a function of cumulative experience or investment, are desirable-think inexpensive solar panels or higher performing semiconductors. But, for firms that need to pick one technology among several candidates, such as... View Details
      Keywords: Learning Curve; Technology; Innovation; Batteries; Energy Storage; Sequential Decision Making; TELCO; Exploration; Exploitation; Problems and Challenges; Cost vs Benefits; Technology Adoption; Battery Industry
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      Kaps, Christian, and Arielle Anderer. "How to Choose Among Technologies with Learning Curves: Making Better Investment Decisions." Working Paper, March 2025.
      • February 2025
      • Case

      Hyperscaling Dreams: Ualá's Path from Startup to Fintech Champion

      By: Juan Alcácer and Manuel Franck
      Ualá, a fintech startup founded in Argentina in 2017 by Pierpaolo Barbieri, aimed to increase financial inclusion in Latin America through a digital platform linked to a prepaid card. After rapid success in Argentina, it expanded into Mexico and Colombia, acquiring... View Details
      Keywords: Banks and Banking; Leadership; Venture Capital; Talent and Talent Management; Strategy; Credit; Business Startups; Profit; Growth and Development Strategy; Banking Industry; Argentina; Mexico; Colombia; Latin America
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      Alcácer, Juan, and Manuel Franck. "Hyperscaling Dreams: Ualá's Path from Startup to Fintech Champion." Harvard Business School Case 725-408, February 2025.
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