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Publications

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  • All HBS Web  (73)
    • Faculty Publications  (32)

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    • All HBS Web  (73)
      • Faculty Publications  (32)

      IlliquidityRemove Illiquidity →

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      • March 2025
      • Article

      Optimal Illiquidity

      By: John Beshears, James J. Choi, Christopher Clayton, Christopher Harris, David Laibson and Brigitte C. Madrian
      We study the socially optimal level of illiquidity in an economy populated by households with taste shocks and present bias with naive beliefs. The government chooses mandatory contributions to accounts, each with a different pre-retirement withdrawal penalty.... View Details
      Keywords: Retirement; Financial Liquidity; Personal Finance; Saving
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      Beshears, John, James J. Choi, Christopher Clayton, Christopher Harris, David Laibson, and Brigitte C. Madrian. "Optimal Illiquidity." Art. 103996. Journal of Financial Economics 165 (March 2025).
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Tax Planning, Illiquidity, and Credit Risks: Evidence from DeFi Lending

      By: Lisa De Simone, Peiyi Jin and Daniel Rabetti
      This study establishes a plausible causal link between tax-planning-induced illiquidity and credit risks in lending markets. Exploiting an exogenous tax shock imposed by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) on cryptocurrency gains, along with millions of transactions in... View Details
      Keywords: Cryptocurrency; Taxation; Financial Liquidity; Credit; Financing and Loans; Financial Markets
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      De Simone, Lisa, Peiyi Jin, and Daniel Rabetti. "Tax Planning, Illiquidity, and Credit Risks: Evidence from DeFi Lending." Working Paper, February 2025.
      • January 2025
      • Case

      North Forty: Managing Liquidity through Change

      By: Luis M. Viceira and Brad Towne
      This case explores the interaction between spending and investment decisions at a family office, specifically the family office of Jeff and Tricia Raikes, with special emphasis on the management of spending, portfolio investments, and asset liquidity in the presence of... View Details
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      Viceira, Luis M., and Brad Towne. "North Forty: Managing Liquidity through Change." Harvard Business School Case 225-061, January 2025.
      • October 2024 (Revised January 2025)
      • Case

      Citizens of the World: The International Legacy of Gloria von Thurn und Taxis

      By: Lauren Cohen, Maximilian Form and Sophia Pan
      When her husband passed away and inheritance taxes struck, Princess Gloria von Thurn und Taxis took decisive action to preserve her family’s fortune and legacy. The Thurn und Taxis family, one of Europe’s oldest aristocratic dynasties, had built their wealth through... View Details
      Keywords: Family Office; Real Estate; Legacy; International Business; Family Business; Economy; Macroeconomics; Financial Crisis; Financial Liquidity; Investment; Global Strategy; Reputation; Diversification; Wealth; Taxation; Germany
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      Cohen, Lauren, Maximilian Form, and Sophia Pan. "Citizens of the World: The International Legacy of Gloria von Thurn und Taxis." Harvard Business School Case 225-038, October 2024. (Revised January 2025.)
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Ponzi Funds

      By: Philippe van der Beck, Jean-Philippe Bouchaud and Dario Villamaina
      Many active funds hold concentrated portfolios. Flow-driven trading causes price pressure, which pushes up the funds’ existing positions resulting in realized returns. We decompose fund returns into a price pressure (self-inflated) and a fundamental component and... View Details
      Keywords: Investment Funds; Investment Portfolio; Investment Return; Price Bubble; Financial Reporting; Financial Liquidity
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      van der Beck, Philippe, Jean-Philippe Bouchaud, and Dario Villamaina. "Ponzi Funds." Working Paper, May 2024.
      • July 2024
      • Case

      Negotiating in a Hurricane: John Branca and the Michael Jackson Estate

      By: James K. Sebenius and Alex Green
      When the "King of Pop," Michael Jackson, unexpectedly died in 2009, he left behind an estate that was over $500 million in debt, with largely illiquid assets, and legions of creditors poised to begin to seize assets in as soon as 60 days. The task of managing Jackson’s... View Details
      Keywords: Bargaining; Dispute Resolution; Negotiation; Entertainment; Financial Management; Financial Condition; Assets; Music Industry
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      Sebenius, James K., and Alex Green. "Negotiating in a Hurricane: John Branca and the Michael Jackson Estate." Harvard Business School Case 924-026, July 2024.
      • March 2021
      • Case

      Yale Investments Office: November 2020

      By: Josh Lerner, Jo Tango and Alys Ferragamo
      David Swensen and the Investments Office staff must decide whether to continue to allocate the bulk of the university's endowment to illiquid investments—hedge funds, private equity, venture capital, real estate, natural resources—given the impact of the COVID-19... View Details
      Keywords: University Endowment; Asset Allocation; Real Estate; Equities; Fixed Income; COVID-19; Asset Management; Private Equity; Venture Capital; Natural Resources; Resource Allocation; Investment; Investment Portfolio; Health Pandemics; Financial Crisis; Financial Services Industry; Real Estate Industry; Energy Industry; Connecticut
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      Lerner, Josh, Jo Tango, and Alys Ferragamo. "Yale Investments Office: November 2020." Harvard Business School Case 821-074, March 2021.
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      Optimal Illiquidity

      By: John Beshears, James J. Choi, Christopher Clayton, Christopher Harris, David Laibson and Brigitte C. Madrian
      We calculate the socially optimal level of illiquidity in an economy populated by households with taste shocks and naive present bias. The government chooses mandatory contributions to accounts, each witha different pre-retirement withdrawal penalty. Collected... View Details
      Keywords: Illiquidity; Commitment; Flexibility; Savings; Social Security; Retirement; Government Legislation; Taxation; Saving
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      Beshears, John, James J. Choi, Christopher Clayton, Christopher Harris, David Laibson, and Brigitte C. Madrian. "Optimal Illiquidity." Working Paper, July 2022.
      • 2019
      • Book

      Patient Capital: The Challenges and Promises of Long-Term Investing

      By: Victoria Ivashina and Josh Lerner
      There has never been a greater need for long-term investments. And it is increasingly unlikely that the public sector will be willing or able to fill the gap. Those best positioned to address the long-run needs are likely to be the pools of capital in the hands of... View Details
      Keywords: Long-term Investing; Large Investors; Capital; Investment; Strategic Planning; Problems and Challenges; Opportunities; Society
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      Ivashina, Victoria, and Josh Lerner. Patient Capital: The Challenges and Promises of Long-Term Investing. First ed. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2019.
      • 2016
      • Working Paper

      Liquidity Transformation in Asset Management: Evidence from the Cash Holdings of Mutual Funds

      By: Sergey Chernenko and Adi Sunderam
      We study liquidity transformation in mutual funds using a novel dataset on their cash holdings. To provide investors with claims that are more liquid than the underlying assets, funds engage in substantial liquidity management. Specifically, they hold substantial... View Details
      Keywords: Financial Liquidity; Cash; Investment Funds
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      Chernenko, Sergey, and Adi Sunderam. "Liquidity Transformation in Asset Management: Evidence from the Cash Holdings of Mutual Funds." Harvard Business School Project on Behavioral Finance and Financial Stability Working Paper, No. 2016-01, July 2016. (NBER Working Paper Series, No. 22391, July 2016.)
      • September 2015
      • Article

      Banks as Patient Fixed-Income Investors

      By: Samuel G. Hanson, Andrei Shleifer, Jeremy C. Stein and Robert W. Vishny
      We examine the business model of traditional commercial banks when they compete with shadow banks. While both types of intermediaries create safe "money-like" claims, they go about this in different ways. Traditional banks create money-like claims by holding illiquid... View Details
      Keywords: Shadow Banking; Safe Money-like Claims; Commercial Banking
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      Hanson, Samuel G., Andrei Shleifer, Jeremy C. Stein, and Robert W. Vishny. "Banks as Patient Fixed-Income Investors." Journal of Financial Economics 117, no. 3 (September 2015): 449–469. (Internet Appendix Here.)
      • Article

      Liquidity in Retirement Savings Systems: An International Comparison

      By: John Beshears, James J. Choi, Joshua Hurwitz, David Laibson and Brigitte C. Madrian
      We compare the liquidity that six developed countries have built into their employer-based defined contribution (DC) retirement schemes. In Germany, Singapore, and the UK, withdrawals are essentially banned no matter what kind of transitory income shock the household... View Details
      Keywords: Saving; Financial Liquidity; Retirement; Canada; Germany; Australia; United Kingdom; United States; Singapore
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      Beshears, John, James J. Choi, Joshua Hurwitz, David Laibson, and Brigitte C. Madrian. "Liquidity in Retirement Savings Systems: An International Comparison." American Economic Review: Papers and Proceedings 105, no. 5 (May 2015): 420–425.
      • April 2015 (Revised April 2015)
      • Case

      Yale University Investments Office: February 2015

      By: Josh Lerner
      David Swensen and the Investments Office staff must decide whether to continue to allocate the bulk of the university's endowment to illiquid investments—hedge funds, private equity, real estate—given the impact of the recent market turmoil. The case explores the risks... View Details
      Keywords: Asset Management; Resource Allocation; Investment; Venture Capital; Investment Funds; Property; Private Equity
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      Lerner, Josh. "Yale University Investments Office: February 2015." Harvard Business School Case 815-124, April 2015. (Revised April 2015.)
      • August 2013 (Revised November 2013)
      • Case

      Gordon Brothers: Collateralizing Corporate Loans by Brands

      By: Paul Healy and Maria Loumioti
      The case explores the collateralization of intellectual property in a loan agreement between a highly leveraged apparel company and a large US bank. Leveraging intangibles in the credit market is a new practice that has significantly grown over the past few years.... View Details
      Keywords: Intangible Assets; Accounting; Valuation; Finance; Restructuring; United States
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      Healy, Paul, and Maria Loumioti. "Gordon Brothers: Collateralizing Corporate Loans by Brands." Harvard Business School Case 114-016, August 2013. (Revised November 2013.)
      • Article

      Does the Classic Microfinance Model Discourage Entrepreneurship Among the Poor? Experimental Evidence from India

      By: Erica Field, Rohini Pande, John Papp and Natalia Rigol
      Do the repayment requirements of the classic microfinance contract inhibit investment in high-return but illiquid business opportunities among the poor? Using a field experiment, we compare the classic contract which requires that repayment begin immediately after loan... View Details
      Keywords: Microfinance; Poverty; Development Economics; Contracts
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      Field, Erica, Rohini Pande, John Papp, and Natalia Rigol. "Does the Classic Microfinance Model Discourage Entrepreneurship Among the Poor? Experimental Evidence from India." American Economic Review 103, no. 6 (October 2013): 2196–2226.
      • Winter 2013
      • Article

      The New Patent Intermediaries: Platforms, Defensive Aggregators and Super-Aggregators

      By: Andrei Hagiu and David B. Yoffie
      The patent market consists mainly of privately negotiated, bilateral transactions, either sales or cross-licenses, between large companies. There is no eBay, Amazon, New York Stock Exchange, or Kelley's Blue Book equivalent for patents, and when buyers and sellers do... View Details
      Keywords: Intellectual Property; Platforms; Intermediaries; Aggregator; Patents; Digital Platforms; Marketplace Matching; Distribution Channels
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      Hagiu, Andrei, and David B. Yoffie. "The New Patent Intermediaries: Platforms, Defensive Aggregators and Super-Aggregators." Journal of Economic Perspectives 27, no. 1 (Winter 2013): 45–66.
      • November 2011 (Revised May 2012)
      • Case

      SecondMarket—Providing Liquidity for Shareholders of Privately Held iContact

      By: William A. Sahlman, Ramana Nanda and James McQuade
      In 2011, SecondMarket was an online platform that facilitated secondary transactions of illiquid assets, including private company stock. This case explores reasons for the decline in small-cap IPOs in the United States from the 1990s to the 2000s and how the emergence... View Details
      Keywords: Business and Shareholder Relations
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      Sahlman, William A., Ramana Nanda, and James McQuade. "SecondMarket—Providing Liquidity for Shareholders of Privately Held iContact." Harvard Business School Case 812-072, November 2011. (Revised May 2012.)
      • October 2011 (Revised March 2013)
      • Case

      Yale University Investments Office: February 2011

      By: Josh Lerner and Ann Leamon
      David Swensen and the Investments Office staff must decide whether to continue to allocate the bulk of the university's endowment to illiquid investments—hedge funds, private equity, real estate—given the impact of the recent market turmoil. The case explores the risks... View Details
      Keywords: Asset Management; Resource Allocation; Investment; Venture Capital; Investment Funds; Property; Private Equity
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      Lerner, Josh, and Ann Leamon. "Yale University Investments Office: February 2011." Harvard Business School Case 812-062, October 2011. (Revised March 2013.)
      • June 2011
      • Case

      Shelley Capital and the Hedge Fund Secondary Market

      By: Luis Viceira, Elena Corsi and Ruth Dittrich
      An advisory company has to decide how to sell their client's hedge fund holdings in the secondary market, and thinks about their future. Shelley Capital was a a European advisory company operating in the hedge fund secondary market, a market that boosted in 2008 with... View Details
      Keywords: Insolvency and Bankruptcy; Investment Funds; Marketing Strategy; Financial Crisis; Sales; Leadership Development; Financial Markets; Crisis Management; Business Processes; Risk and Uncertainty; Globalized Economies and Regions; Financial Services Industry; Service Industry; Europe
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      Viceira, Luis, Elena Corsi, and Ruth Dittrich. "Shelley Capital and the Hedge Fund Secondary Market." Harvard Business School Case 211-112, June 2011.
      • October 2009 (Revised January 2010)
      • Case

      The University of Notre Dame Endowment

      By: Andre F. Perold and Paul Michael Buser
      The Endowment Model of Investing, which was based on creating high risk-adjusted performance through diversification, a long time horizon, top-notch outside managers, and illiquid investments, had served Notre Dame and other large universities well over the past... View Details
      Keywords: Financial Crisis; Higher Education; Asset Management; Private Equity; Financial Liquidity; Investment; Risk Management; Performance Evaluation; Education Industry; Financial Services Industry
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      Perold, Andre F., and Paul Michael Buser. "The University of Notre Dame Endowment." Harvard Business School Case 210-007, October 2009. (Revised January 2010.)
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