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      • Faculty Publications  (215)

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      • June 2025
      • Article

      Ideation with Generative AI—In Consumer Research and Beyond

      By: Julian De Freitas, G. Nave and Stefano Puntoni
      The use of large language models (LLMs) in consumer research is rapidly evolving, with applications including synthetic data generation, data analysis, and more. However, their role in creative ideation—a cornerstone of consumer research—remains underexplored. Drawing... View Details
      Keywords: Large Language Model; AI and Machine Learning; Creativity; Innovation Strategy
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      De Freitas, Julian, G. Nave, and Stefano Puntoni. "Ideation with Generative AI—In Consumer Research and Beyond." Journal of Consumer Research 51, no. 1 (June 2025): 18–31.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      The Political Economy of Firm Networks: CEO Ideology and Global Trade

      By: Elisabeth Kempf, Mancy Luo and Margarita Tsoutsoura
      We examine how the political ideology of corporate leaders shapes cross-border firm networks. Exploiting changes in ideological alignment between U.S. firm CEOs and foreign governments around close foreign elections, we show that U.S. firms are more likely to... View Details
      Keywords: Global Trade; Firm Networks; Political Ideology; Elections; Political Economy; Political Elections; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Trade
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      Kempf, Elisabeth, Mancy Luo, and Margarita Tsoutsoura. "The Political Economy of Firm Networks: CEO Ideology and Global Trade." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-050, April 2025.
      • March 2025 (Revised May 2025)
      • Case

      ING Türkiye: Flexible Work in a Competitive Banking Environment

      By: Ashley Whillans and Nico Schaefer
      This case explores ING Türkiye’s journey toward workplace flexibility within the traditionally conservative Turkish banking sector. Beginning with early remote work experiments in 2015 and culminating in the FlexING model, by 2024 ING Türkiye had positioned itself as a... View Details
      Keywords: Talent and Talent Management; Employee Relationship Management; Working Conditions; Business or Company Management; Adaptation; Competition; Organizational Culture; Banking Industry; Turkey
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      Whillans, Ashley, and Nico Schaefer. "ING Türkiye: Flexible Work in a Competitive Banking Environment." Harvard Business School Case 925-027, March 2025. (Revised May 2025.)
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      The Hidden Costs of Flexible Labor Models: How Working Multiple Jobs Affects Employees

      By: Paige Tsai and Ryan W. Buell
      As operations increasingly rely upon flexible labor models—such as gig, part-time, and remote work—it has become commonplace for individuals to work multiple jobs. Across three studies, relying on a combination of transaction-level data from 90,548 customers of a... View Details
      Keywords: Behavioral Operations; Employee Behavior; Job Design; Sustainable Operations; Job Design and Levels; Personal Finance; Well-being; Happiness; Satisfaction; Wages
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      Tsai, Paige, and Ryan W. Buell. "The Hidden Costs of Flexible Labor Models: How Working Multiple Jobs Affects Employees." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-036, January 2025. (Revised June 2025.)
      • January 2025
      • Case

      Untapped Global: Financing Africa's Missing Middle

      By: Raymond Kluender and Emanuele Colonnelli
      In November 2024, Jim Chu, founder and CEO of Untapped Global, faced mounting internal tensions over the company’s strategic direction. Untapped had developed a data-driven revenue-based financing (RBF) model to address the “missing middle” problem—the $5.2 trillion... View Details
      Keywords: Social Entrepreneurship; Venture Capital; Working Capital; Private Equity; Financial Strategy; Microfinance; International Finance; Currency Exchange Rate; Profit Sharing; Revenue; Developing Countries and Economies; Economic Growth; Emerging Markets; Mission and Purpose; Small Business; Entrepreneurial Finance; Banking Industry; Financial Services Industry; Information Technology Industry; Technology Industry; Africa; Nigeria; South Africa; Kenya; Uganda; California; San Francisco
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      Kluender, Raymond, and Emanuele Colonnelli. "Untapped Global: Financing Africa's Missing Middle." Harvard Business School Case 825-056, January 2025.
      • September 2024
      • Supplement

      Revenue Solutions, LLC (A)

      By: Richard S. Ruback and Royce Yudkoff
      Pre-Abstract: Instructors should consider the timing of making videos available to students, as they may reveal key case details.

      Abstract: Ari Wasserman and Nick esayian were both dissatisfied with their future prospects in their current careers. Wasserman,... View Details
      Keywords: Personal Development and Career; Partners and Partnerships; Ownership
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      Ruback, Richard S., and Royce Yudkoff. "Revenue Solutions, LLC (A)." Harvard Business School Multimedia/Video Supplement 225-707, September 2024.
      • September 2024
      • Supplement

      Revenue Solutions, LLC (B)

      By: Richard S. Ruback and Royce Yudkoff
      Pre-abstract: Instructors should consider the timing of making videos available to students, as they may reveal key case details.

      Abstract: This (B) case supplement is designed for use by faculty only to support classroom instruction in conjunction with... View Details
      Keywords: Financial Strategy; Financial Management; Joint Ventures; Brands and Branding; Partners and Partnerships; Small Business; Ownership; Personal Development and Career; Consumer Products Industry; United States; California
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      Ruback, Richard S., and Royce Yudkoff. "Revenue Solutions, LLC (B)." Harvard Business School Multimedia/Video Supplement 225-708, September 2024.
      • September 2024
      • Case

      Eat App: Building and Monetizing an End-to-End Dining Experience Solution

      By: Elie Ofek and Ahmed Dahawy
      Founded in 2015 in Bahrain, Eat App was an up-and-coming player in the global restaurant management software business. In early 2024, having shifted to a product-led growth strategy, the company’s co-founders faced a host of decisions that could greatly impact their... View Details
      Keywords: Price; Growth and Development Strategy; Product Marketing; Negotiation Deal; Internet and the Web; Value Creation; Profit; Revenue; Applications and Software; Product; Food and Beverage Industry; Technology Industry; Bahrain; United Arab Emirates; Abu Dhabi; Dubai
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      Ofek, Elie, and Ahmed Dahawy. "Eat App: Building and Monetizing an End-to-End Dining Experience Solution." Harvard Business School Case 525-019, September 2024.
      • July 2024
      • Case

      Freelancer, Ltd.

      By: Christopher Stanton, Karim R. Lakhani, Jin Hyun Paik and Nina Cohodes
      Over the course of the 2010s, the rapid advancement of mobile technologies and the rise of online freelancing platforms seemed to portend a radical transformation of labor markets into on-demand, flexible talent pools. Even though several Fortune 500... View Details
      Keywords: Freelancers; Labor Markets; Internet and the Web; Digital Platforms; Corporate Entrepreneurship; Human Capital; Change Management; Globalized Firms and Management; Employment; Global Range; Employment Industry
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      Stanton, Christopher, Karim R. Lakhani, Jin Hyun Paik, and Nina Cohodes. "Freelancer, Ltd." Harvard Business School Multimedia/Video Case 823-706, July 2024.
      • July 17, 2024
      • Article

      The Case for Inclusive Alliances: America Must Rediscover the Ideological Flexibility That Helped It Win the Cold War

      By: Jeremy Friedman
      Keywords: International Relations
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      Friedman, Jeremy. "The Case for Inclusive Alliances: America Must Rediscover the Ideological Flexibility That Helped It Win the Cold War." ForeignAffairs.com (July 17, 2024).
      • June 2024
      • Article

      Rationalizing Outcomes: Interdependent Learning in Competitive Markets

      By: Anoop R. Menon and Dennis Yao
      In this article we use simulation models to explore interdependent learning in competitive markets. Such interactions require attention to both the mental representations held by the management of the focal firm as well as the beliefs of that management about the... View Details
      Keywords: Mental Models; Strategic Interactions; Rationalization; Explanation-based View; Competition
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      Menon, Anoop R., and Dennis Yao. "Rationalizing Outcomes: Interdependent Learning in Competitive Markets." Strategy Science 9, no. 2 (June 2024): 97–117.
      • April 2024
      • Article

      Detecting Routines: Applications to Ridesharing CRM

      By: Ryan Dew, Eva Ascarza, Oded Netzer and Nachum Sicherman
      Routines shape many aspects of day-to-day consumption. While prior work has established the importance of habits in consumer behavior, little work has been done to understand the implications of routines—which we define as repeated behaviors with recurring, temporal... View Details
      Keywords: Ride-sharing; Routine; Machine Learning; Customer Relationship Management; Consumer Behavior; Segmentation
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      Dew, Ryan, Eva Ascarza, Oded Netzer, and Nachum Sicherman. "Detecting Routines: Applications to Ridesharing CRM." Journal of Marketing Research (JMR) 61, no. 2 (April 2024): 368–392.
      • February 9, 2024
      • Article

      The Rise of Consumer Crypto

      By: Steve Kaczynski and Scott Duke Kominers
      Although non-fungible tokens are often misunderstood and even derided, they remain a general and flexible solution for establishing and tracking ownership in the digital domain. As a superior solution to existing technology in many areas of the consumer economy, their... View Details
      Keywords: Cryptocurrency; Crypto Economy; NFTs; Non-fungible Tokens; Internet Of Everything; Market Design; Technological Innovation; Demand and Consumers; Web Services Industry
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      Kaczynski, Steve, and Scott Duke Kominers. "The Rise of Consumer Crypto." Project Syndicate (February 9, 2024).
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Enhancing Treatment Effect Prediction on Privacy-Protected Data: An Honest Post-Processing Approach

      By: Ta-Wei Huang and Eva Ascarza
      As firms increasingly rely on customer data for personalization, concerns over privacy and regulatory compliance have grown. Local Differential Privacy (LDP) offers strong individual-level protection by injecting noise into data before collection. While... View Details
      Keywords: Targeted Intervention; Conditional Average Treatment Effect Estimation; Differential Privacy; Honest Estimation; Post-processing; Analytics and Data Science; Consumer Behavior; Marketing
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      Huang, Ta-Wei, and Eva Ascarza. "Enhancing Treatment Effect Prediction on Privacy-Protected Data: An Honest Post-Processing Approach." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-034, December 2023. (Revised March 2025.)
      • December 2023
      • Article

      Self-Orienting in Human and Machine Learning

      By: Julian De Freitas, Ahmet Uğuralp, Zeliha Uğuralp, Laurie Paul, Joshua B. Tenenbaum and T. Ullman
      A current proposal for a computational notion of self is a representation of one’s body in a specific time and place, which includes the recognition of that representation as the agent. This turns self-representation into a process of self-orientation, a challenging... View Details
      Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Behavior; Learning
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      De Freitas, Julian, Ahmet Uğuralp, Zeliha Uğuralp, Laurie Paul, Joshua B. Tenenbaum, and T. Ullman. "Self-Orienting in Human and Machine Learning." Nature Human Behaviour 7, no. 12 (December 2023): 2126–2139.
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      The Effects of Inconsistent Work Schedules on Employee Lateness and Absenteeism

      By: Caleb Kwon and Ananth Raman
      Problem Definition: Employee lateness and absenteeism pose challenges for businesses, particularly in the retail industry, where punctuality is vital for optimal store operations and customer service. This paper relates employee lateness and absenteeism with... View Details
      Keywords: Behavior; Employees; Human Capital; Retail Industry
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      Kwon, Caleb, and Ananth Raman. "The Effects of Inconsistent Work Schedules on Employee Lateness and Absenteeism." Working Paper, August 2023.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Managing Remote Work Quality: Evidence from Auditing Management Systems Standards

      By: Ashley Palmarozzo, Michael W. Toffel and Melissa Ouellet
      Remote work has become more common, providing operational flexibility and productivity benefits, but questions remain about whether and how it affects work quality. We investigate the quality effects of remote work in a context in which remote work separates workers... View Details
      Keywords: Audit; Auditing; Remote Work; Compliance; Assessment; Environment; Management Systems; Quality Management; Quality Management System; Quality; Operations; Supply Chain Management; Environmental Management; Safety
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      Palmarozzo, Ashley, Michael W. Toffel, and Melissa Ouellet. "Managing Remote Work Quality: Evidence from Auditing Management Systems Standards." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-002, July 2023. (Revised February 2025.)
      • July 2023
      • Article

      Takahashi-Alexander Revisited: Modeling Private Equity Portfolio Outcomes Using Historical Simulations

      By: Dawson Beutler, Alex Billias, Sam Holt, Josh Lerner and TzuHwan Seet
      In 2001, Dean Takahashi and Seth Alexander of the Yale University Investments Office developed a deterministic model for estimating future cash flows and valuations for the Yale endowment’s private equity portfolio. Their model, which is simple and intuitive, is still... View Details
      Keywords: Forecasting and Prediction; Investment Portfolio; Analytics and Data Science
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      Beutler, Dawson, Alex Billias, Sam Holt, Josh Lerner, and TzuHwan Seet. "Takahashi-Alexander Revisited: Modeling Private Equity Portfolio Outcomes Using Historical Simulations." Journal of Portfolio Management 49, no. 7 (July 2023): 144–158.
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Second- versus Third-party Audit Quality: Evidence from Global Supply Chain Monitoring

      By: Maria R. Ibanez, Ashley Palmarozzo, Jodi L. Short and Michael W. Toffel
      Capitalizing on the superior credibility and flexibility and potential lower cost of external assessments, many global buyers are relying less on their own employee (“second-party”) auditors and more on third-party auditors to monitor and prevent environmental and... View Details
      Keywords: Auditing; Audit Quality; Working Conditions; Sustainability; Empirical Operations; Empirical Service Operations; Sustainability Management; Corporate Accountability; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Supply Chain Management
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      Ibanez, Maria R., Ashley Palmarozzo, Jodi L. Short, and Michael W. Toffel. "Second- versus Third-party Audit Quality: Evidence from Global Supply Chain Monitoring." Working Paper, August 2024.
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      Auditing Predictive Models for Intersectional Biases

      By: Kate S. Boxer, Edward McFowland III and Daniel B. Neill
      Predictive models that satisfy group fairness criteria in aggregate for members of a protected class, but do not guarantee subgroup fairness, could produce biased predictions for individuals at the intersection of two or more protected classes. To address this risk, we... View Details
      Keywords: Predictive Models; Bias; AI and Machine Learning
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      Boxer, Kate S., Edward McFowland III, and Daniel B. Neill. "Auditing Predictive Models for Intersectional Biases." Working Paper, June 2023.
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