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- October 2025
- Article
Measurement and Effects of Bank Exit Policies
By: Daniel Green and Boris Vallée
We study whether exit policies by financial institutions have financial and real consequences on the firms they target, using bank coal exit policies as a laboratory. In contrast to theories assuming high capital substitutability, we find large effects of these... View Details
- August 2025
- Case
Must B Nutty?
By: Christina Wallace, Martha Hostetter and Alicia Dadlani
Veronica and Miguel Garza, siblings from a large Mexican-American family from Texas, founded a company in 2014 to sell the almond-flour tortillas Veronica had developed to fit her grain-free diet. Their company, Must Be Nutty, tapped into growing demand for... View Details
- August 2025
- Background Note
A Managerial Perspective on Clinical Trials
By: Arthur A. Daemmrich, Satish Tadikonda and William Marks
This note describes the history and regulation of clinical trials, managerial challenges related to pharmaceutical product testing, and current debates regarding prescription drug safety. Since clinical testing takes between five and seven years, and consumes up to 70... View Details
- July 2025
- Case
Toilets for the Underserved: The SURT Commercialization Challenge
By: Maria P. Roche, Anne Marie Knott and Alexander Oettl
In 2021, a breakthrough in sanitation technology developed under the Gates Foundation’s “Reinvent the Toilet” initiative stood ready for commercialization. The Single User Reinvented Toilet (SURT), engineered by Dr. Shannon Yee, offered an off-grid, self-contained... View Details
Keywords: Technological Innovation; Commercialization; Social Issues; Social Enterprise; Public Sector; Private Sector; Market Entry and Exit; Strategic Planning; Engineering; Infrastructure; Innovation Strategy; Consumer Products Industry; Consumer Products Industry; United States; South Africa; India; France
- July 2025
- Background Note
Ecosystem Disruption: A Multi-Stakeholder View of Disruptive Innovations
By: E. Ofek, Michael Haenlein, Eitan Muller and Roman Welden
The purpose of this note is to offer a more expansive view of how innovations disrupt markets than has been portrayed thus far in the extant literature by taking an ecosystem perspective. This broader outlook allows examining not only the product strategies of the... View Details
- July 2025
- Teaching Note
Hyperscaling Dreams: Ualá's Path from Startup to Fintech Champion
By: Juan Alcácer and Manuel Franck
Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 725-408. Ualá, a fintech startup founded in Argentina in 2017 by Pierpaolo Barbieri, aimed to increase financial inclusion in Latin America through a digital platform linked to a prepaid card. After rapid success in Argentina, it expanded... View Details
- July 2025
- Case
Osteoboost: Go-To-Market Strategy in a Healthcare Startup
Osteoboost focuses on how a health care Medtech startup with a new device for treating osteopenia. The firm decides among alternative go-to-market strategies, including B2B (the firm to healthcare providers), DTC (directly to consumers), or some combination of the two... View Details
- July 2025
- Supplement
Meghna Modi at Revlon India: Leading with a Bold Purpose (B)
By: Aiyesha Dey and Sarah Sasso
This follow-up case is about Meghna Modi, the CEO of struggling cosmetics company Revlon India, and the actions she takes as she tries to both turn the company around and integrate her personal purpose into her work. Influenced by her own life struggles, Modi feels... View Details
- July 2025
- Case
ICARE: Frontline Leadership at Michelin
By: Hubert Joly and Emilie Billaud
In 2025, Michelin CEO Florent Menegaux reflected on the company’s transformation since taking the helm in 2019. Amid a volatile global landscape marked by inflation, rising competition, and geopolitical and sustainability pressures, Michelin had achieved strong... View Details
Keywords: Human Capital; Transformation; Management Practices and Processes; Managerial Roles; Organizational Culture; Leadership; Competency and Skills; Global Strategy; Multinational Firms and Management; Human Resources; Compensation and Benefits; Recruitment; Retention; Employee Relationship Management; Working Conditions; Leading Change; Growth and Development Strategy; Groups and Teams; Motivation and Incentives; Well-being; Auto Industry; Manufacturing Industry; Europe; China; United States
- July 2025
- Case
Mitsui & Co., Ltd.
By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell and Akiko Saito
In 2025, Kenichi Hori, President and CEO of Mitsui & Co., Ltd.—one of Japan’s most prominent Sogo Shosha (investment and trading companies with sprawling global footprints)—reflected on the company’s record-breaking profits. Its operations spanned multiple... View Details
- July–August 2025
- Article
Beefing IT Up for Your Investor? Engagement with Open Source Communities, Innovation, and Startup Funding: Evidence from GitHub
By: Annamaria Conti, Christian Peukert and Maria P. Roche
We study the engagement of nascent firms with open source communities and its implications for innovation and attracting funding. To do so, we link data on 160,065 U.S. startups from Crunchbase to their activities on the open source software development platform... View Details
- July 2025
- Article
Digital Lending and Financial Well-Being: Through the Lens of Mobile Phone Data
By: AJ Chen, Omri Even-Tov, Jung Koo Kang and Regina Wittenberg-Moerman
To mitigate information asymmetry about borrowers in developing economies, digital lenders use machine-learning algorithms and nontraditional data from borrowers’ mobile devices. Consequently, digital lenders have managed to expand access to credit for millions of... View Details
- July 2025
- Article
No Free Lunch? Welfare Analysis of Firms Selling Through Expert Intermediaries
By: Matt Grennan, Kyle R. Myers, Ashley Swanson and Aaron Chatterji
We study how firms target and influence expert intermediaries. In our context, pharmaceutical manufacturers provide payments to physicians during promotional interactions. We develop an identification strategy based on plausibly exogenous variation in payments driven... View Details
- June 2025
- Case
Konko AI: Automating Work with AI Agents
By: Shikhar Ghosh, Shweta Bagai and Liang Wu
In January 2025, Jean Marc Goguikian and Michael Haddad, co-founders of Konko AI, faced a critical strategic decision. After the company’s developer platform for private large language models (LLMs) struggled to gain traction, they had pivoted to building AI sales... View Details
- 2025
- Working Paper
Productivity Beliefs and Efficiency in Science
By: Fabio Bertolotti, Kyle R. Myers and Wei Yang Tham
We develop a method to estimate producers’ productivity beliefs in settings where output quantities and input prices are unobservable, and we use it to evaluate allocative efficiency in the market for science. Our model of researchers’ labor supply shows that their... View Details
- June 2025
- Case
TagHive: Edtech Pricing and Distributor Decisions
By: Isamar Troncoso, Frank V. Cespedes and Stacy Straaberg
Education technology (edtech) company TagHive, founded in 2017, used a direct sales team and third-party distributors to sell its Class Saathi hardware and software solution to 300 clients, mainly primary and secondary schools in India. The product aimed to improve... View Details
Keywords: Business Model; Marketing Channels; Marketing Strategy; Product Marketing; Social Marketing; Information Infrastructure; Internet and the Web; Mobile and Wireless Technology; Technology Adoption; Teaching; Price; Customer Relationship Management; Customer Satisfaction; Growth and Development; Technological Innovation; AI and Machine Learning; Applications and Software; Distribution Channels; Sales; Reputation; Education Industry; Technology Industry; India; South Korea
- June 2025
- Case
Larry Culp at General Electric: Rebuilding an American Icon
By: Nitin Nohria, Kayti Stanley, Ashka Stephen and Drew Goydan
As he takes over as CEO of the iconic industrial giant General Electric, Larry Culp faces a range of urgent issues as the company is delisted from the DJIA and is seen by many as heading towards bankruptcy. Culp steers GE through a series of carefully thought-out moves... View Details
Keywords: Leadership; Restructuring; Financial Management; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Organizational Culture; Performance Improvement; Business and Shareholder Relations; Perception; Corporate Strategy; Value; Industrial Products Industry; Industrial Products Industry; Industrial Products Industry; Industrial Products Industry; North America; Europe
- June 2025
- Article
Integral Outside: The Financial Curb Market, the Electric Telegraph, and the Politics of Pricing in Second Empire France
Financial markets in nineteenth-century France were far more complex than an analysis of the official Bourse or its state-authorized brokers would suggest. Most financial transactions occurred on an illegal yet tacitly tolerated curb market called the coulisse, which... View Details
- June 2025
- Article
Riding the Passion Wave or Fighting to Stay Afloat? A Theory of Differentiated Passion Contagion
By: Emma Frank, Kai Krautter, Wen Wu and Jon M. Jachimowicz
Prior research suggests that employees benefit from highly passionate teammates because passion spreads easily from one employee to the next. We develop theory to propose that life in high-passion teams may not be as uniformly advantageous as previously assumed. We... View Details
- 2025
- Working Paper
Trade and Industrial Policy in Supply Chains: Directed Technological Change in Rare Earths
By: Laura Alfaro, Harald Fadinger, Jay Schymik and Gede Virananda
Trade and industrial policies, while primarily intended to support domestic industries, may unintentionally stimulate technological progress abroad. We document this mechanism in the case of rare earth elements (REEs)—critical inputs for manufacturing at the knowledge... View Details