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Publications

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    • All HBS Web  (1,192)
      • Faculty Publications  (166)

      Employee BehaviorRemove Employee Behavior →

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      • 2025
      • Chapter

      Employer-Based Short-Term Savings Accounts

      By: Sarah Holmes Berk, John Beshears, Jay Garg, James J. Choi and David Laibson
      We study the introduction of a choice architecture design intended to increase short-term savings among employees at five U.K. firms. Employees were offered the opportunity to opt into a payroll deduction program that auto-deposits funds from each paycheck into a... View Details
      Keywords: Personal Finance; Compensation and Benefits; Well-being; Behavior; Investment Funds; Employees; United Kingdom
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      Berk, Sarah Holmes, John Beshears, Jay Garg, James J. Choi, and David Laibson. "Employer-Based Short-Term Savings Accounts." Chap. 21 in The Elgar Companion to Consumer Behaviour and the Sustainable Development Goals, edited by Lucia A. Reisch and Cass R. Sunstein, 359–386. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2025.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Training Within Firms

      By: Brayan Diaz, Andrea Neyra-Nazarrett, Julian Ramirez, Raffaella Sadun and Jorge Tamayo
      Training investments are essential for improving worker and firm productivity, yet their implementation is often hindered by low participation rates and insufficient worker engagement. This study uses data from three firms–a car manufacturer, a quick-service... View Details
      Keywords: Productivity; Absenteeism; Middle Managers; Training; Management Practices and Processes; Performance Productivity; Employees
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      Diaz, Brayan, Andrea Neyra-Nazarrett, Julian Ramirez, Raffaella Sadun, and Jorge Tamayo. "Training Within Firms." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-045, April 2025.
      • March 2025
      • Article

      Differentiating on Diversity: How Disclosing Workforce Diversity Influences Consumer Choice

      By: Maya Balakrishnan, Jimin Nam and Ryan W. Buell
      Companies are facing increased pressure to “walk the talk” on diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) in their operations. One specific call-to-action from stakeholders is the public disclosure of EEO-1s. Companies with 100+ employees are federally mandated to annually... View Details
      Keywords: Consumer Behavior; Corporate Disclosure; Diversity; Employees; Perception
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      Balakrishnan, Maya, Jimin Nam, and Ryan W. Buell. "Differentiating on Diversity: How Disclosing Workforce Diversity Influences Consumer Choice." Production and Operations Management 34, no. 3 (March 2025): 457–474.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      The Hidden Costs of Working Multiple Jobs: Implications for Spending Behavior and Wellbeing

      By: Paige Tsai and Ryan W. Buell
      Problem definition: Amidst inflation, rising costs of living, an explosion in remote and gig working opportunities, and an increase in the part-time labor mix in economies around the world, it is becoming evermore commonplace for people to earn labor income... View Details
      Keywords: Behavioral Operations; Employee Behavior; Job Design and Levels; Personal Finance; Well-being; Happiness; Satisfaction; Wages
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      Tsai, Paige, and Ryan W. Buell. "The Hidden Costs of Working Multiple Jobs: Implications for Spending Behavior and Wellbeing." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-036, January 2025. (Revised March 2025.)
      • January 24, 2025
      • Article

      Behaviorally Designed Training Leads to More Diverse Hiring

      By: Cansin Arslan, Edward H. Chang, Siri Chilazi, Iris Bohnet and Oliver P. Hauser
      Many organizations have shown interest in increasing the diversity of their workforces for various reasons. Collectively, they have spent millions of dollars and countless employee hours on diversity training. Yet, there is little empirical evidence that such training... View Details
      Keywords: Training; Diversity; Selection and Staffing; Behavior; Outcome or Result; Organizational Change and Adaptation
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      Arslan, Cansin, Edward H. Chang, Siri Chilazi, Iris Bohnet, and Oliver P. Hauser. "Behaviorally Designed Training Leads to More Diverse Hiring." Science 387, no. 6732 (January 24, 2025): 364–366.
      • September–October 2024
      • Article

      Working Around the Clock: Temporal Distance, Intrafirm Communication, and Time Shifting of the Employee Workday

      By: Jasmina Chauvin, Prithwiraj Choudhury and Tommy Pan Fang
      This paper examines the effects of temporal distance generated by time zone separation on communication in geographically distributed organizations. We build on prior research, which highlights time zone separation as a significant challenge, but argue that employees... View Details
      Keywords: Communication; Employees; Behavior; Equality and Inequality
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      Chauvin, Jasmina, Prithwiraj Choudhury, and Tommy Pan Fang. "Working Around the Clock: Temporal Distance, Intrafirm Communication, and Time Shifting of the Employee Workday." Organization Science 35, no. 5 (September–October 2024): 1660–1681.
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Determinants of Top-Down Sabotage

      By: Hashim Zaman and Karim R. Lakhani
      We investigate the conditions that motivate managers to impede the growth of talented subordinates due to fears of future competition for their own positions. Our research expands on existing tournament and contest theory literature that considers peer-to-peer sabotage... View Details
      Keywords: Succession Planning; Organizational Hierarchy; Compensation; Promotions; Tournaments; Talent and Talent Management; Organizational Structure; Employee Relationship Management; Performance Evaluation; Organizational Culture; Management Skills
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      Zaman, Hashim, and Karim R. Lakhani. "Determinants of Top-Down Sabotage." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-007, August 2024. (Revised December 2024.)
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Smaller than We Thought? The Effect of Automatic Savings Policies

      By: James J. Choi, David Laibson, Jordan Cammarota, Richard Lombardo and John Beshears
      Medium- and long-run dynamics undermine the effect of automatic enrollment and default savings-rate auto-escalation on retirement savings. Our analysis of 401(k) plans incorporates the facts that employees frequently leave firms (often before matching contributions... View Details
      Keywords: Personal Finance; Saving; Retirement; Behavioral Finance; Compensation and Benefits
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      Choi, James J., David Laibson, Jordan Cammarota, Richard Lombardo, and John Beshears. "Smaller than We Thought? The Effect of Automatic Savings Policies." Working Paper.
      • July 24, 2024
      • Article

      Research: How Passion Can Backfire at Work

      By: Erica R. Bailey, Kai Krautter, Wen Wu, Adam D. Galinsky and Jon M. Jachimowicz
      Passion has long been championed as a key to workplace success. However, scientific studies have found mixed results: On the one hand, some studies find evidence that passionate employees tend to perform better, while other research has documented null or even negative... View Details
      Keywords: Performance Effectiveness; Personal Characteristics; Behavior; Outcome or Result
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      Bailey, Erica R., Kai Krautter, Wen Wu, Adam D. Galinsky, and Jon M. Jachimowicz. "Research: How Passion Can Backfire at Work." Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (July 24, 2024).
      • May–June 2024
      • Article

      Setting Gendered Expectations? Recruiter Outreach Bias in Online Tech Training Programs

      By: Jacqueline N. Lane, Karim R. Lakhani and Roberto Fernandez
      Competence development in digital technologies, analytics, and artificial intelligence is increasingly important to all types of organizations and their workforce. Universities and corporations are investing heavily in developing training programs, at all tenure... View Details
      Keywords: Prejudice and Bias; Gender; Training; Recruitment; Personal Development and Career
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      Lane, Jacqueline N., Karim R. Lakhani, and Roberto Fernandez. "Setting Gendered Expectations? Recruiter Outreach Bias in Online Tech Training Programs." Organization Science 35, no. 3 (May–June 2024): 911–927.
      • February 2024
      • Case

      Levels.fyi: How Negotiations Coaching and Pay Transparency Change Job Market Outcomes

      By: Zoë B. Cullen
      Salary information is everywhere. What impact does it have on compensation? How should employees and employers use salary information in negotiations? This case brings to light how pay information affects behavior and job market outcomes in surprising ways. View Details
      Keywords: Knowledge Use and Leverage; Compensation and Benefits; Negotiation
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      Cullen, Zoë B. "Levels.fyi: How Negotiations Coaching and Pay Transparency Change Job Market Outcomes." Harvard Business School Case 824-078, February 2024.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Warnings and Endorsements: Improving Human-AI Collaboration in the Presence of Outliers

      By: Matthew DosSantos DiSorbo, Kris Ferreira, Maya Balakrishnan and Jordan Tong
      Problem definition: While artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms may perform well on data that are representative of the training set (inliers), they may err when extrapolating on non-representative data (outliers). How can humans and algorithms work together to make... View Details
      Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Decision Choices and Conditions
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      DosSantos DiSorbo, Matthew, Kris Ferreira, Maya Balakrishnan, and Jordan Tong. "Warnings and Endorsements: Improving Human-AI Collaboration in the Presence of Outliers." Working Paper, May 2025.
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Employer-Based Short-Term Savings Accounts

      By: Sarah Holmes Berk, John Beshears, Jay Garg, James J. Choi and David Laibson
      We study the introduction of a choice architecture design intended to increase short-term savings among employees at five U.K. firms. Employees were offered the opportunity to opt into a payroll deduction program that auto-deposits funds from each paycheck into a... View Details
      Keywords: Behavior; Personal Finance; Investment Funds; Employees; Saving; United Kingdom
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      Berk, Sarah Holmes, John Beshears, Jay Garg, James J. Choi, and David Laibson. "Employer-Based Short-Term Savings Accounts." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 32074, January 2024.
      • December 4, 2023
      • Article

      Stop Assuming Introverts Aren't Passionate About Work

      By: Kai Krautter, Anabel Büchner and Jon M. Jachimowicz
      Society often assumes that the only way to be passionate is to act extroverted, but that is simply not true. In their new research, the authors found that regardless of their actual level of passion, extroverted employees are perceived as more passionate than... View Details
      Keywords: Passion; Personality; Extraversion; Scale Development; Personal Characteristics; Perception; Employees; Prejudice and Bias
      Citation
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      Krautter, Kai, Anabel Büchner, and Jon M. Jachimowicz. "Stop Assuming Introverts Aren't Passionate About Work." Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (December 4, 2023).
      • December 2023
      • Article

      Discerning Saints: Moralization of Intrinsic Motivation and Selective Prosociality at Work

      By: Mijeong Kwon, Julia Lee Cunningham and Jon M. Jachimowicz
      Intrinsic motivation has received widespread attention as a predictor of positive work outcomes, including employees’ prosocial behavior. In the current research, we offer a more nuanced view by proposing that intrinsic motivation does not uniformly increase prosocial... View Details
      Keywords: Motivation and Incentives; Behavior; Moral Sensibility; Employees
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      Kwon, Mijeong, Julia Lee Cunningham, and Jon M. Jachimowicz. "Discerning Saints: Moralization of Intrinsic Motivation and Selective Prosociality at Work." Academy of Management Journal 66, no. 6 (December 2023): 1625–1650.
      • November 2023
      • Article

      Brokerage House Initial Public Offerings and Analyst Forecast Quality

      By: Mark Bradshaw, Michael Drake, Joseph Pacelli and Brady Twedt
      We examine how brokerage firm initial public offerings (IPOs) influence the research quality of sell-side analysts employed by the brokerage. Our main results focus on earnings forecast bias and absolute forecast errors as proxies for research quality. Using a... View Details
      Keywords: IPOs; Research Analysts; "Brokerage Industry; Initial Public Offering; Employees; Behavior; Outcome or Result
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      Bradshaw, Mark, Michael Drake, Joseph Pacelli, and Brady Twedt. "Brokerage House Initial Public Offerings and Analyst Forecast Quality." Management Science 69, no. 11 (November 2023): 7079–7094.
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      The Effects of Inconsistent Work Schedules on Employee Lateness and Absenteeism

      By: Caleb Kwon and Ananth Raman
      Problem Definition: Employee lateness and absenteeism pose challenges for businesses, particularly in the retail industry, where punctuality is vital for optimal store operations and customer service. This paper relates employee lateness and absenteeism with... View Details
      Keywords: Behavior; Employees; Human Capital; Retail Industry
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      Kwon, Caleb, and Ananth Raman. "The Effects of Inconsistent Work Schedules on Employee Lateness and Absenteeism." Working Paper, August 2023.
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      Setting Gendered Expectations? Recruiter Outreach Bias in Online Tech Training Programs

      By: Jacqueline N. Lane, Karim R. Lakhani and Roberto Fernandez
      Competence development in digital technologies, analytics, and artificial intelligence is increasingly important to all types of organizations and their workforce. Universities and corporations are investing heavily in developing training programs, at all tenure... View Details
      Keywords: STEM; Selection and Staffing; Gender; Prejudice and Bias; Training; Equality and Inequality; Competency and Skills
      Citation
      SSRN
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      Lane, Jacqueline N., Karim R. Lakhani, and Roberto Fernandez. "Setting Gendered Expectations? Recruiter Outreach Bias in Online Tech Training Programs." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-066, April 2023. (Accepted by Organization Science.)
      • 2023
      • Article

      Conduit Incentives: Eliciting Cooperation from Workers Outside of Managers' Control

      By: Susanna Gallani
      Can managers use monetary incentives to elicit cooperation from workers they cannot reward for their efforts? I study “conduit incentives,” an innovative incentive design, whereby managers influence bonus-ineligible workers’ effort by offering bonus-eligible employees... View Details
      Keywords: Organizational Behavior Modification; Peer Monitoring; Persistence Of Performance Improvements; Crowding Out; Implicit Incentives; Compensation; Healthcare; Social Pressure; Image Motivation; Incentives; Motivation; Performance; Behavior; Motivation and Incentives; Compensation and Benefits; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Organizational Culture; Health Industry; California
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      Gallani, Susanna. "Conduit Incentives: Eliciting Cooperation from Workers Outside of Managers' Control." Accounting Review 93, no. 3 (2023): 1–28.
      • Spring 2023
      • Article

      Incentive Contract Design and Employee-Initiated Innovation: Evidence from the Field

      By: Wei Cai, Susanna Gallani and Jee-Eun Shin
      This study examines how the design of incentive contracts for tasks defined as workers’ official responsibilities (i.e., standard tasks) influences workers’ propensity to engage in employee-initiated innovation (EII). EII corresponds to innovation activities that are... View Details
      Keywords: Employee-initiated Innovation; Contract Design; Rank-and-file; Extra-role Behaviors; Compensation and Benefits; Motivation and Incentives; Innovation and Management
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      Cai, Wei, Susanna Gallani, and Jee-Eun Shin. "Incentive Contract Design and Employee-Initiated Innovation: Evidence from the Field." Contemporary Accounting Research 40, no. 1 (Spring 2023): 292–323.
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