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Publications

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  • All HBS Web  (346)
    • Faculty Publications  (35)

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    • All HBS Web  (346)
      • Faculty Publications  (35)

      Angel investingRemove Angel investing →

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      • January 2025
      • Case

      AI Meets VC: The Data-Driven Revolution at Quantum Light Capital

      By: Lauren Cohen, Grace Headinger and Sophia Pan
      Ilya Kondrashov, CEO of Quantum Light Capital, was driven to harness AI for identifying high-potential scale-ups. Collaborating with Nik Storonsky, founder of Revolut, the duo observed that most venture capital (VC) decisions were heavily influenced by emotion, with... View Details
      Keywords: Artificial Intelligence; Business Finance; Data Analysis; Angel Investors; Cognitive Biases; Scale; Venture Capital; Investment; Business Model; Forecasting and Prediction; Technological Innovation; Innovation Strategy; Behavior; Cognition and Thinking; Public Opinion; Private Sector; Business Strategy; Competitive Advantage; Business Earnings; Behavioral Finance; AI and Machine Learning; Analytics and Data Science; Business Startups; Financial Services Industry; London; United Kingdom
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      Cohen, Lauren, Grace Headinger, and Sophia Pan. "AI Meets VC: The Data-Driven Revolution at Quantum Light Capital." Harvard Business School Case 225-053, January 2025.
      • November 2024 (Revised March 2025)
      • Case

      Tim Ferriss: What Might This Look like If It Were Easy?

      By: Reza Satchu and Denise Koller
      In April 2024, writer-podcaster Tim Ferriss—celebrated as the “Oprah of audio” for his billion-download show and known for NYT-bestsellers like The 4-Hour Workweek—found himself at a crossroads. Despite generating a multi-million-dollar annual revenue with just three... View Details
      Keywords: Transition; Personal Development and Career; Business Strategy; Decision Choices and Conditions; Philanthropy and Charitable Giving; Media and Broadcasting Industry
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      Satchu, Reza, and Denise Koller. "Tim Ferriss: What Might This Look like If It Were Easy?" Harvard Business School Case 825-091, November 2024. (Revised March 2025.)
      • 20 Aug 2024
      • Interview

      Angel City Football Club: A New Business Model for Women’s Sports

      By: Jeffrey F. Rayport, Brian Kenny and Nicole Tempest Keller
      Angel City Football Club (ACFC) was founded in 2020 by venture capitalist Kara Nortman, entrepreneur Julie Uhrman, and actor and activist Natalie Portman. As outsiders to professional sports, the all-female founding team had rewritten the playbook for how to build a... View Details
      Keywords: Brands and Branding; Gender; Franchise Ownership; Business Model; Sports Industry
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      "Angel City Football Club: A New Business Model for Women’s Sports." Cold Call (podcast), Harvard Business Review Group, August 20, 2024. (Interviewed by Brian Kenny.)
      • March 2024 (Revised April 2024)
      • Case

      Angel City Football Club: Scoring a New Model

      By: Jeffrey F. Rayport, Jennifer Fonstad and Nicole Tempest Keller
      In January 2024, Kara Nortman, Julie Uhrman, and Natalie Portman, the founders of Angel City Football Club (ACFC) were developing the club’s first three-year strategic plan. Founded in 2020, ACFC had a star-studded investor group, including Portman and celebrities such... View Details
      Keywords: Sports; Entertainment; Entrepreneurship; Brands and Branding; Venture Capital; Business Model; Corporate Strategy; Digital Marketing; Sports Industry; Entertainment and Recreation Industry; United States; California; Los Angeles
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      Rayport, Jeffrey F., Jennifer Fonstad, and Nicole Tempest Keller. "Angel City Football Club: Scoring a New Model." Harvard Business School Case 824-192, March 2024. (Revised April 2024.)
      • October 2023
      • Case

      Shredder Setups or Straightlining into Risk?: Investing in What You Love

      By: Lauren Cohen and Grace Headinger
      Bob Hall, President of Green Gables Partners, evaluated whether to angel invest into an up-and-coming ski brand. As the son-in-law of the founder of Vera Bradley and having retired from a lengthy career on Wall Street, Hall was well-versed in both direct investing and... View Details
      Keywords: Family Office; Angel Investors; Direct Investment; Family Business; Business Growth and Maturation; Small Business; Financial Strategy; Personal Finance; Investment Portfolio; Private Equity; Decision Choices and Conditions; Risk and Uncertainty; Consumer Products Industry; Montana; United States
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      Cohen, Lauren, and Grace Headinger. "Shredder Setups or Straightlining into Risk?: Investing in What You Love." Harvard Business School Case 224-018, October 2023.
      • March 2023 (Revised January 2025)
      • Case

      Wilshire Lane Capital

      By: Jeffrey J. Bussgang, Lindsay N. Hyde and Stacy Straaberg
      In September 2021, Adam Demuyakor (MBA 2017) was faced with decisions about how to launch his venture capital (VC) investment firm. His previous investment activities were a series of angel investments and special purpose vehicles alongside two part-time general... View Details
      Keywords: Ownership Stake; Investment Funds; Venture Capital; Business and Shareholder Relations; Real Estate Industry; Technology Industry; Los Angeles; California; United States
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      Bussgang, Jeffrey J., Lindsay N. Hyde, and Stacy Straaberg. "Wilshire Lane Capital." Harvard Business School Case 823-062, March 2023. (Revised January 2025.)
      • September 2021 (Revised December 2023)
      • Case

      On the Bubble: Startup Bootstrapping

      By: Jeffrey J. Bussgang, Tom Quinn and Annelena Lobb
      Bubble was a software company in the low-code/no-code market, making tools that allowed users without traditional programming backgrounds or technical skills to build software. The case covers cofounder Joshua Haas’s engineering background, as he experienced a high... View Details
      Keywords: Business Startups; Business Growth and Maturation; Business Model; Business Plan; Disruption; Transformation; Trends; Customer Focus and Relationships; Customer Relationship Management; Cost vs Benefits; Decisions; Entrepreneurship; Venture Capital; Equity; Executive Compensation; Recruitment; Selection and Staffing; Disruptive Innovation; Technological Innovation; Job Interviews; Growth and Development Strategy; Ownership Stake; Opportunities; Applications and Software; Technology Adoption; Technology Industry; Web Services Industry; New York (city, NY); California; France
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      Bussgang, Jeffrey J., Tom Quinn, and Annelena Lobb. "On the Bubble: Startup Bootstrapping." Harvard Business School Case 822-033, September 2021. (Revised December 2023.)
      • September 2021 (Revised November 2022)
      • Case

      MAYA Capital

      By: Robert F. White, Carla Larangeira and Pedro Levindo
      MAYA Capital co-founders Lara Lemann and Monica Saggioro raised $41.5 million through a series of closings for their early-stage Latin American venture capital fund. The two women had met for the first time in mid-2016 when Lemann was contemplating scaling her angel... View Details
      Keywords: Early Stage; Portfolio Construction; Fund Management; Investment; Entrepreneurship; Venture Capital; Investment Portfolio; Strategy; Business Startups; Management; Investment Funds; Latin America
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      White, Robert F., Carla Larangeira, and Pedro Levindo. "MAYA Capital." Harvard Business School Case 822-038, September 2021. (Revised November 2022.)
      • September 2020 (Revised May 2024)
      • Case

      Hot Wheels: Launching The Mixed Play Experience

      By: Elie Ofek, Andres Terech and Nicole Tempest Keller
      Chris Down, Global Brand General Manager for Hot Wheels, and his team from the Advanced Play Group within Mattel, Inc., had developed an entirely new “mixed play” product experience that blended familiar Hot Wheels play in the physical world with breakthrough play in... View Details
      Keywords: Toys; Go-to-market Strategy; Product Development; Technological Innovation; Product Launch; Product Positioning; Decision Making; Marketing; Strategy; Los Angeles
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      Ofek, Elie, Andres Terech, and Nicole Tempest Keller. "Hot Wheels: Launching The Mixed Play Experience." Harvard Business School Case 521-017, September 2020. (Revised May 2024.)
      • March 2019 (Revised May 2019)
      • Case

      Space Angels, Multiple Equilibria, and Financing the Space Economy

      By: Matthew C. Weinzierl and Alissa Haddaji
      Chad Anderson had reason to be proud of his young space-focused investment firm, Space Angels. Since becoming CEO, Anderson had overseen growth along multiple dimensions, and Space Angels was “the preeminent name in space finance” according to one prominent space... View Details
      Keywords: Space Economy; Venture Capital; Entrepreneurship; Strategy; Business Model; Aerospace Industry
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      Weinzierl, Matthew C., and Alissa Haddaji. "Space Angels, Multiple Equilibria, and Financing the Space Economy." Harvard Business School Case 719-070, March 2019. (Revised May 2019.)
      • January 2018
      • Article

      The Globalization of Angel Investments: Evidence Across Countries

      By: Josh Lerner, Antoinette Schoar, Stanislav Sokolinski and Karen Wilson
      This paper examines investments made by 13 angel groups across 21 countries. We compare applicants just above and below the funding cutoff and find that these angel investors have a positive impact on the growth, performance, and survival of firms as well as their... View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Globalization; Investment; Business Startups
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      Lerner, Josh, Antoinette Schoar, Stanislav Sokolinski, and Karen Wilson. "The Globalization of Angel Investments: Evidence Across Countries." Journal of Financial Economics 127, no. 1 (January 2018): 1–20.
      • 2017
      • Report

      The American Angel: The First In-Depth Report on the Demographics and Investing Activity of Individual American Angel Investors

      By: Laura Huang, Andy Wu, Min Ju Lee, Jiayi Bao, Marianne Hudson and Elaine Bolle
      Early-stage financing from angel investors is critical to the success of high-growth startups. Recent estimates suggest that annual US angel investment activity may total as much as $24 billion each year, contributing to the growth and success of more than 64,000... View Details
      Keywords: Angel Investors; Geography; Risk; Entrepreneurship; Venture Capital; Demographics; Geographic Location; Decision Making; Financial Services Industry; Technology Industry; United States
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      Huang, Laura, Andy Wu, Min Ju Lee, Jiayi Bao, Marianne Hudson, and Elaine Bolle. "The American Angel: The First In-Depth Report on the Demographics and Investing Activity of Individual American Angel Investors." Report, Overland Park, KS, November 2017.
      • 2016
      • Article

      Organizational Decision-Making and Information: Angel Investments by Venture Capital Partners

      By: Andy Wu
      We study information aggregation in organizational decision-making for the financing of entrepreneurial ventures. We introduce a formal model of voting where agents face costly tacit information to improve their decision quality. Equilibrium outcomes suggest a... View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneurial Finance; Angel Investors; Organization Design; Voting; Group Decision-making; Information; Strategy; Organizations; Entrepreneurship; Decision Making; Financing and Loans
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      Wu, Andy. "Organizational Decision-Making and Information: Angel Investments by Venture Capital Partners." Academy of Management Best Paper Proceedings (2016): 189–194.
      • 2015
      • Working Paper

      Organizational Decision-Making and Information: Angel Investments by Venture Capital Partners

      By: Andy Wu
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      Wu, Andy. "Organizational Decision-Making and Information: Angel Investments by Venture Capital Partners." Working Paper, November 2015.
      • September 2015
      • Case

      GovDelivery

      By: Mitchell Weiss
      Is government the biggest, worst customer in the world? And is that a reason for venture investors to back companies that sell to government or to stay away? It had been seven years since Scott Burns joined his friend Zach Stabenow to get a company called GovDocs off... View Details
      Keywords: GovDelivery; Public Entrepreneurship; B2G; Business-to-Government; Scott Burns; Entrepreneurship; Government Administration; Venture Capital; Information Technology Industry; Public Administration Industry; Web Services Industry; Minnesota; United States
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      Weiss, Mitchell. "GovDelivery." Harvard Business School Case 816-020, September 2015.
      • July–August 2015
      • Article

      The Secret of Singapore: Why Cuba Should Look to Lee Kuan Yew's Thriving City-State for Economic Inspiration

      By: Debora L. Spar
      Between 1965 and 1991, Singapore grew at an astonishing compound annual growth rate of nearly 14%. Critics of the island's performance accused its celebrated leader, Lee Kuan Yew, of thinly veiled tendencies toward communism and authoritarianism; they argued that the... View Details
      Keywords: Economic Models; Communism; Economic Policy; Economic Reform; Angel Investors; Authoritarianism; Economic Systems; Economy; Policy; Government and Politics; Singapore; Cuba
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      Spar, Debora L. "The Secret of Singapore: Why Cuba Should Look to Lee Kuan Yew's Thriving City-State for Economic Inspiration." Foreign Policy 213 (July–August 2015).
      • 2014
      • Other Teaching and Training Material

      Entrepreneurship Reading: Financing Entrepreneurial Ventures

      By: William R. Kerr, Ramana Nanda and James McQuade
      "Financing Entrepreneurial Ventures" introduces students to the key issues involved in the financing of entrepreneurial enterprises. The Reading begins by examining how business models shape external financing requirements. It then contrasts the choice to bootstrap... View Details
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      Kerr, William R., Ramana Nanda, and James McQuade. "Entrepreneurship Reading: Financing Entrepreneurial Ventures." Core Curriculum Readings Series. Harvard Business Publishing 8072, 2014.
      • March 2014 (Revised May 2016)
      • Technical Note

      Angel Investments in Europe and Recent Developments in Crowdfunding

      By: Lynda Applegate, Vincent Dessain, Emilie Billaud and Daniela Beyersdorfer
      This technical note provides information on the evolution and current state of angel investing in Europe. The note first describes the role and types of angel investors, focusing on their investment preferences and practices. It then details the new trends in the... View Details
      Keywords: Angel Investors; Crowdfunding; Financing and Loans; Investment; Financial Services Industry; Europe
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      Applegate, Lynda, Vincent Dessain, Emilie Billaud, and Daniela Beyersdorfer. "Angel Investments in Europe and Recent Developments in Crowdfunding." Harvard Business School Technical Note 814-047, March 2014. (Revised May 2016.)
      • February 2014
      • Background Note

      Raising Startup Capital

      By: Jeffrey Bussgang
      Entrepreneurs typically focus their full energies on business-building. But raising capital is a core part of building a valuable business. Developing expertise in raising capital is more than a necessary evil, it is a competitive weapon. Master it and you will be in a... View Details
      Keywords: Fund Raising; Venture Capital Term Sheet; Venture Creation/development; Venture Investing; Venture Philanthropy; Entrepreneurial Finance; Entrepreneurial Management; Entrepreneurs; Jumpstart Our Business Startups (JOBS) Act; Non-equity Financing; Convertible Notes; Convertible Debt; Debt Financing; Raising Capital; National Venture Capital Association; Venture Capital Firm Compensation; Crowdfunding; Crowd-funding; Startup; Start-up; Startup Management; Startups; Angel Investors; Angels; Accelerator; Venture Capital; Financing and Loans; Entrepreneurship; Business Startups; Financial Services Industry; United States
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      Bussgang, Jeffrey. "Raising Startup Capital." Harvard Business School Background Note 814-089, February 2014.
      • February 2014 (Revised August 2016)
      • Case

      Strava

      By: Joseph B. Lassiter III, William A. Sahlman and Sid Misra
      Strava is a new fast-growing social network for the avid cyclist and runner. The Strava case traces the entrepreneurial journey of two serial entrepreneurs who have been co-founders in a prior venture, and who have co-founded Strava 3 years ago. The protagonists must... View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Cycling; Biking; Running; Sports; Technology; Mobile App; Mobile; GPS; Motivation; Behavioral Science; Founders; Term Sheet; Investment; Terms; Silicon Valley; Lifestyle; Strava; Financing; Fundraising; Angel; Valuation; Growth; Forecast; Business Startups; Business Plan; Trends; Forecasting and Prediction; Decision Choices and Conditions; Corporate Entrepreneurship; Institutional Investing; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Innovation Leadership; Innovation Strategy; Innovation and Management; Technological Innovation; Management Succession; Growth Management; Growth and Development Strategy; Market Timing; Bicycle Industry; Consumer Products Industry; Technology Industry; Sports Industry; Web Services Industry; California; New England
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      Lassiter, Joseph B., III, William A. Sahlman, and Sid Misra. "Strava." Harvard Business School Case 814-055, February 2014. (Revised August 2016.)
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