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    • All HBS Web  (289)
      • Faculty Publications  (25)

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      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Bank Capital and the Growth of Private Credit

      By: Sergey Chernenko, Robert Ialenti and David Scharfstein
      We show that business development companies (BDCs)—closed-end funds that provide a significant share of nonbank loans to middle market firms—are very well capitalized according to bank capital frameworks. They have median risk-based capital ratios of about 36%... View Details
      Keywords: Financing and Loans; Capital; Credit; Financial Institutions
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      Chernenko, Sergey, Robert Ialenti, and David Scharfstein. "Bank Capital and the Growth of Private Credit." Working Paper, March 2025.
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Internal and External Capital Markets of Large Banks

      By: Lina Lu, Marco Macchiavelli and Jonathan Wallen
      Despite regulatory restrictions, large U.S. bank holding companies have sizable and dynamic internal capital markets. They raise long-term debt at the holding company and deposits at the commercial bank to internally make unsecured loans to affiliated broker-dealers.... View Details
      Keywords: Banks and Banking; International Finance; Financial Markets
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      Lu, Lina, Marco Macchiavelli, and Jonathan Wallen. "Internal and External Capital Markets of Large Banks." Working Paper, November 2024.
      • December 2023
      • Article

      Association of Hospital System Affiliation with COVID-19 Capacity Burden

      By: Zachary Levin, Pinar Karaca-Mandic, Richard J. Boxer and Regina E. Herzlinger
      What is the message? The COVID-19 pandemic exposed the highly variable and uncoordinated responses by hospitals. The authors found that while the non-top ten system affiliated hospitals had a larger COVID-19 share index relative to independent hospitals, top-ten system... View Details
      Keywords: COVID-19 Pandemic; Resource Allocation; Health Pandemics; Demographics; Health Care and Treatment; Health Industry
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      Levin, Zachary, Pinar Karaca-Mandic, Richard J. Boxer, and Regina E. Herzlinger. "Association of Hospital System Affiliation with COVID-19 Capacity Burden." Health Management, Policy and Innovation 8, no. 3 (December 2023).
      • February 2021 (Revised May 2021)
      • Case

      SafeGraph: Selling Data as a Service

      By: Ramana Nanda, Abhishek Nagaraj and Allison Ciechanover
      Set in January 2021, the CEO of SafeGraph, a four-year-old startup that sold Data as a Service, looked to the future. His aim was to become the most trusted source for data about a physical place. The company provided points of interest (POI) and foot traffic data on... View Details
      Keywords: Data As A Service; Monetization; Pricing; Business Startups; Analytics and Data Science; Consumer Behavior; Analysis; Business Model; Health Pandemics; Information Industry; United States
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      Nanda, Ramana, Abhishek Nagaraj, and Allison Ciechanover. "SafeGraph: Selling Data as a Service." Harvard Business School Case 821-082, February 2021. (Revised May 2021.)
      • February 2021
      • Supplement

      HNA Group: Global Excellence with Chinese Characteristics (C)

      By: William C. Kirby, Billy Chan and John P. McHugh
      July 2017 was supposed to be a triumphant month for HNA Group. The latest Fortune Global 500 list showed the company had again skyrocketed in its ranking to no. 170, an improvement of over 200 positions from the year prior. Yet earlier that same July, the mysterious... View Details
      Keywords: Conglomerate; Airline Industry; Coronavirus; Financial Risk; Debt; Bankruptcy; Global Strategy; Restructuring; Health Pandemics; Financial Markets; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Financial Condition; Globalized Firms and Management; Business and Government Relations; Air Transportation Industry; Financial Services Industry; China
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      Kirby, William C., Billy Chan, and John P. McHugh. "HNA Group: Global Excellence with Chinese Characteristics (C)." Harvard Business School Supplement 321-123, February 2021.
      • February 2019
      • Article

      Does It Matter If Your Health Insurer Is For Profit? Effects of Ownership on Premiums, Insurance Coverage, and Medical Spending

      By: Leemore S. Dafny
      There is limited empirical evidence about the impact of for-profit health insurers on various outcomes. I study the effects of conversions to for-profit status by Blue Cross Blue Shield (BCBS) affiliates in 11 states, spanning 28 geographic markets. I find both the... View Details
      Keywords: Health Insurance; Medical Loss Ratio; Blue Cross; Corporate Governance; Health; Insurance; For-Profit Firms; Insurance Industry; United States
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      Dafny, Leemore S. "Does It Matter If Your Health Insurer Is For Profit? Effects of Ownership on Premiums, Insurance Coverage, and Medical Spending." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 11, no. 1 (February 2019): 222–265.
      • Article

      Landing the First Job: The Value of Intermediaries in Online Hiring

      By: Christopher Stanton and Catherine Thomas
      Online markets for remote labor services allow workers and firms to contract with each other directly. Despite this, intermediaries—called outsourcing agencies—have emerged in these markets. This paper shows that agencies signal to employers that inexperienced workers... View Details
      Keywords: Marketplace Matching; Agency Theory
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      Stanton, Christopher, and Catherine Thomas. "Landing the First Job: The Value of Intermediaries in Online Hiring." Review of Economic Studies 83, no. 2 (April 2016): 810–854.
      • March 2016
      • Article

      To Groupon or Not to Groupon: The Profitability of Deep Discounts

      By: Benjamin Edelman, Sonia Jaffe and Scott Duke Kominers
      We examine the profitability and implications of online discount vouchers, a relatively new marketing tool that offers consumers large discounts when they prepay for participating firms' goods and services. Within a model of repeat experience good purchase, we examine... View Details
      Keywords: Voucher Discounts; Groupon; Experience Goods; Repeat Purchase; Internet and the Web; Marketing Strategy; Marketing Communications
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      Edelman, Benjamin, Sonia Jaffe, and Scott Duke Kominers. "To Groupon or Not to Groupon: The Profitability of Deep Discounts." Marketing Letters 27, no. 1 (March 2016): 39–53. (First circulated in June 2011. Featured in Working Knowledge: Is Groupon Good for Retailers? Excerpted in HBR Blogs: To Groupon or Not To Groupon: New Research on Voucher Profitability.)
      • 2016
      • Working Paper

      Through the Grapevine: Network Effects on the Design of Executive Compensation Contracts

      By: Susanna Gallani
      Effective design of executive compensation contracts involves choosing and weighting performance measures, as well as defining the mix between fixed and incentive-based pay components, with a view to fostering talent retention and goal congruence. The variability in... View Details
      Keywords: Compensation Design; Board Interlocks; Compensation Consultants; Network Centrality; Homophily; Quadratic Assignment Procedure; Blockholders; Executive Compensation
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      Gallani, Susanna. "Through the Grapevine: Network Effects on the Design of Executive Compensation Contracts." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 16-019, August 2015. (Revised December, 2016.)
      • February 2015 (Revised April 2015)
      • Case

      The Board of Directors at Market Basket

      By: Jay W. Lorsch and Emily McTague
      The firing of Market Basket CEO Arthur T. Demoulas by his cousin, Arthur S. Demoulas, and directors affiliated with him set off employee protests throughout the grocery store chain. Industry specialists estimated that Market Basket was losing close to ten million... View Details
      Keywords: Organizational Behavior; Shareholder Votes; Board Of Directors; Board Dynamics; Board Decisions; Boards; Grocery; Organizational Culture; Organizational Structure; Business and Shareholder Relations; Corporate Governance; Food and Beverage Industry; New England
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      Lorsch, Jay W., and Emily McTague. "The Board of Directors at Market Basket." Harvard Business School Case 415-044, February 2015. (Revised April 2015.)
      • September 2014 (Revised March 2015)
      • Case

      Managing Multi-Media Audiences at WHDH (Boston)

      By: Thales Teixeira and V. Kasturi Rangan
      WHDH's Channel 7 News rose to the #1 position in Boston-area news broadcasting through its embrace of an innovative format and for affiliating with NBC. Since the early 2000s, however, other news programs had copied their format, and young audiences had begun to use... View Details
      Keywords: Online News; Television Advertising; Attention Economics; Cross-media Efforts; Competition; Internet and the Web; Consumer Behavior; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Change Management; Marketing Strategy; Decision Choices and Conditions; Digital Marketing; Television Entertainment; Media and Broadcasting Industry; Boston
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      Teixeira, Thales, and V. Kasturi Rangan. "Managing Multi-Media Audiences at WHDH (Boston)." Harvard Business School Case 515-037, September 2014. (Revised March 2015.)
      • November 2013 (Revised December 2013)
      • Case

      Endeavor: Miami Heats Up

      By: William A. Sahlman, Ramana Nanda, David Lane and Lisa Mazzanti
      Endeavor Global was a nonprofit that for 15 years had worked to nurture entrepreneurship in emerging markets by selecting local high-impact entrepreneurs for mentoring and aid in scaling up their businesses from committed local business leaders. In summer 2012,... View Details
      Keywords: Social Enterprise; Entrepreneurs; Scaling; Emerging Market Entrepreneurship; Not For Profit; Entrepreneurial Finance; Mentoring; Business Networks; Hybrid Nonprofit Funding; Mission and Purpose; Nonprofit Organizations; Social Entrepreneurship; Emerging Markets; Problems and Challenges; Finance; Miami
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      Sahlman, William A., Ramana Nanda, David Lane, and Lisa Mazzanti. "Endeavor: Miami Heats Up." Harvard Business School Case 814-043, November 2013. (Revised December 2013.)
      • September 2013 (Revised June 2016)
      • Case

      The Morning Star Company: Self-Management at Work

      By: Francesca Gino, Bradley R. Staats, Brian J. Hall and Tiffany Y. Chang

      Morning Star, a collection of affiliated companies, had grown steadily since 1970 when Chris Rufer, president and founder, started the business hauling tomatoes to processing plants in a truck. The company's main products continued to be tomato-based, including a... View Details

      Keywords: Business or Company Management; Motivation and Incentives; Working Conditions; Plant-Based Agribusiness; Food; Management Practices and Processes; Compensation and Benefits; Manufacturing Industry; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry
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      Gino, Francesca, Bradley R. Staats, Brian J. Hall, and Tiffany Y. Chang. "The Morning Star Company: Self-Management at Work." Harvard Business School Case 914-013, September 2013. (Revised June 2016.)
      • September 2013
      • Article

      Testimonials Do Not Convert Patients from Brand to Generic Medication

      By: John Beshears, James J. Choi, David Laibson, Brigitte C. Madrian and Gwendolyn Reynolds

      Objectives: To assess whether the addition of a peer testimonial to an informational mailing increases conversion rates from brand name prescription medications to lower-cost therapeutic equivalents, and whether the testimonial's efficacy increases when... View Details

      Keywords: Testimonial; Peer Information; Social Proximity; Communication; Generic Medication; Familiarity; Marketing Communications; Decision Choices and Conditions; Identity; Health Care and Treatment; Marketing Reference Programs; Power and Influence; Brands and Branding; Health Industry
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      Beshears, John, James J. Choi, David Laibson, Brigitte C. Madrian, and Gwendolyn Reynolds. "Testimonials Do Not Convert Patients from Brand to Generic Medication." American Journal of Managed Care 19, no. 9 (September 2013): e314–e316.
      • September 2011 (Revised March 2014)
      • Case

      Brightcove, Inc. in 2007

      By: Andrei Hagiu and David B. Yoffie
      Brightcove, a technology and services provider to content owners in the Internet television field, aimed to become a media distribution company in its own right. On October 30, 2006, it relaunched its Website—and, in effect, its business. With its new, consumer-facing... View Details
      Keywords: Competition; Entrepreneurship; Investment; Diversification; Digital Platforms; Business Strategy; Internet and the Web; Business Model; Distribution; Media and Broadcasting Industry; Motion Pictures and Video Industry
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      Hagiu, Andrei, and David B. Yoffie. "Brightcove, Inc. in 2007." Harvard Business School Case 712-424, September 2011. (Revised March 2014.)
      • 2011
      • Chapter

      Regional Trade Integration and Multinational Firm Strategies

      By: Pol Antras and C. Fritz Foley
      This paper analyzes the effects of the formation of a regional trade agreement on the level and nature of multinational firm activity. We examine aggregate data that captures the response of U.S. multinational firms to the formation of the ASEAN free trade agreement.... View Details
      Keywords: Forecasting and Prediction; Trade; Foreign Direct Investment; Multinational Firms and Management; Globalized Markets and Industries; Analytics and Data Science; Agreements and Arrangements; United States
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      Antras, Pol, and C. Fritz Foley. "Regional Trade Integration and Multinational Firm Strategies." In Costs and Benefits of Regional Economic Integration in Asia, edited by Robert J. Barro and Jong-Wha Lee. Oxford University Press, 2011.
      • September 2010 (Revised December 2010)
      • Case

      Santander Consumer Finance

      By: J. Gunnar Trumbull, Elena Corsi and Andrew Barron
      A Spanish company has to decide if they should expand into the fragmented European consumer finance market and has to make important organizational strategy decisions in the midst of the world economic downturn that followed the 2007 U.S. credit crunch. Since 2002, the... View Details
      Keywords: Borrowing and Debt; Financial Markets; International Finance; Personal Finance; Consolidation; Corporate Strategy; Expansion; Financial Services Industry; European Union; Spain
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      Trumbull, J. Gunnar, Elena Corsi, and Andrew Barron. "Santander Consumer Finance." Harvard Business School Case 711-015, September 2010. (Revised December 2010.)
      • November 2008
      • Journal Article

      Financial Constraints and Growth: Multinational and Local Firm Responses to Currency Crises

      By: Mihir A. Desai, C. Fritz Foley and Kristin Forbes
      This paper examines how financial constraints and product market exposures determine the response of multinational and local firms to sharp depreciations. U.S. multinational affiliates increase sales, assets, and investment significantly more than local firms during,... View Details
      Keywords: Economic Growth; Financial Crisis; Currency; Private Equity; Foreign Direct Investment; Multinational Firms and Management; Emerging Markets; United States
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      Desai, Mihir A., C. Fritz Foley, and Kristin Forbes. "Financial Constraints and Growth: Multinational and Local Firm Responses to Currency Crises." Review of Financial Studies 21, no. 6 (November 2008).
      • November 2008
      • Article

      Winning the Race for Talent in Emerging Markets

      By: Douglas A. Ready, Linda A. Hill and Jay A. Conger
      "This war for talent is like nothing we've ever seen before," write the authors, who have spent decades studying talent management and leadership development. Recently they interviewed executives at more than 20 global companies to identify strategies for attracting... View Details
      Keywords: Leadership Development; Selection and Staffing; Talent and Talent Management; Multinational Firms and Management; Organizational Culture; Recruitment; Diversity; Developing Countries and Economies
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      Ready, Douglas A., Linda A. Hill, and Jay A. Conger. "Winning the Race for Talent in Emerging Markets." R0811C. Harvard Business Review 86, no. 11 (November 2008).
      • May 2008 (Revised June 2008)
      • Case

      Kenny Kahn at Muzak (A)

      By: Linda A. Hill and Emily Stecker
      Founded in 1934, Muzak pioneered the industry of background music. Equipped with propriety technology and a vast music library, over the ensuing decades the Muzak franchise organization expanded geographically. Despite a history of innovation, by the late 1990s Muzak... View Details
      Keywords: Change Management; Design; Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques; Brands and Branding; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Organizational Culture; Franchise Ownership; Music Industry
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      Hill, Linda A., and Emily Stecker. "Kenny Kahn at Muzak (A)." Harvard Business School Case 408-057, May 2008. (Revised June 2008.)
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