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      • March 2025 (Revised April 2025)
      • Case

      Dominion Voting Systems v. Fox News

      By: Vincent Pons, Jesse M. Shapiro, Bharat Anand and Susan Pinckney
      The case examines the Dominion Voting Systems and Fox News defamation settlement based upon statements made on air in the aftermath of the 2020 presidential election. View Details
      Keywords: (General) Management; Business Earnings; Financial Statements; Change Management; Disruption; Volatility; Transition; Crime and Corruption; Cost vs Benefits; Decision Making; Decision Choices and Conditions; Decisions; Demographics; Ethics; Values and Beliefs; Corporate Finance; Cost; Governance; Governance Compliance; Governance Controls; Policy; Political Elections; Business History; Information; Law; Legal Liability; Laws and Statutes; Management; Marketing; Advertising; Media; Performance; Problems and Challenges; Society; Public Opinion; Social Issues; Media and Broadcasting Industry; United States
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      Pons, Vincent, Jesse M. Shapiro, Bharat Anand, and Susan Pinckney. "Dominion Voting Systems v. Fox News." Harvard Business School Case 725-029, March 2025. (Revised April 2025.)
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Modest Victims: Victims Who Decline to Broadcast Their Victimization Are Seen As Morally Virtuous

      By: Nathan Dhaliwal, Jillian J. Jordan and Pat Barclay
      What do people think of victims who conceal their victimhood? We propose that the decision to not broadcast that one has been victimized serves as a costly act of modesty—in doing so, one is potentially forgoing social support and compensation from one’s community. We... View Details
      Keywords: Public Opinion; Mathematical Methods; Communication; Perception; Reputation
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      Dhaliwal, Nathan, Jillian J. Jordan, and Pat Barclay. "Modest Victims: Victims Who Decline to Broadcast Their Victimization Are Seen As Morally Virtuous." Working Paper, August 2024.
      • February 22, 2023
      • Article

      How to Seed Organic Marketing in a Video-First World

      By: Ayelet Israeli, Leonard A. Schlesinger and Matt Higgins
      Early direct-to-consumer (DTC) companies relied on plentiful capital and low-cost digital marketing to power growth. But as this sector has matured, capital is more constrained, social media is more cluttered, and customer acquisition costs are rising. DTC companies... View Details
      Keywords: Online Business; Ecommerce; E-commerce; E-Commerce Strategy; Omnichannel Retail; Omnichannel Retailing; Influencer Marketing; Consumer; Organic Growth; Video Advertising; Promotion; Celebrities; Online Advertising; Online Channel; Online Communities; Online Community; Go To Market Strategy; Platform; Media; Media Content; Digital; Digital Culture; Digital Influencers; Direct To Consumer Marketing; Direct-to-consumer; Innovation & Entrepreneurship; Innovation; Sales; Digital Platforms; Digital Marketing; Digital Strategy; Consumer Behavior; Internet and the Web; Advertising; Business Model; Growth Management; Marketing; Marketing Strategy; Marketing Channels; Marketing Communications; Communication Strategy; Innovation Strategy; Advertising Industry; Advertising Industry; Advertising Industry; Advertising Industry; Advertising Industry; Advertising Industry; Advertising Industry; Advertising Industry; United States; North America
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      Israeli, Ayelet, Leonard A. Schlesinger, and Matt Higgins. "How to Seed Organic Marketing in a Video-First World." Harvard Business Review (website) (February 22, 2023).
      • December 2022
      • Article

      When and How Should Firms Differentiate? Quality and Advertising Decisions in a Duopoly

      By: Dominique Olié Lauga, Elie Ofek and Zsolt Katona
      A prominent hallmark of competitive interaction is the desire to differentiate from rivals. In this article, the authors examine under what conditions firms will differentiate through product quality versus advertising intensity. Firms select quality in a first stage,... View Details
      Keywords: Competition; Advertising; Product Positioning
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      Lauga, Dominique Olié, Elie Ofek, and Zsolt Katona. "When and How Should Firms Differentiate? Quality and Advertising Decisions in a Duopoly." Journal of Marketing Research (JMR) 59, no. 2 (December 2022): 1252–1265.
      • August 2022 (Revised June 2024)
      • Exercise

      How Should Netflix Add an Ad-Supported Tier?

      By: Elie Ofek and Olivier Toubia
      In the summer of 2022, it became clear that Netflix would introduce an ad-supported tier alongside its existing subscription plans in the near future. Speculation abounded as to the details of the new tier: How many minutes of advertising would it include? What picture... View Details
      Keywords: Pricing; Television Industry; Price; Marketing Strategy; Digital Platforms; Customer Value and Value Chain; Competitive Strategy; Customer Satisfaction; Entertainment and Recreation Industry
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      Ofek, Elie, and Olivier Toubia. "How Should Netflix Add an Ad-Supported Tier?" Harvard Business School Exercise 523-033, August 2022. (Revised June 2024.)
      • May 2022
      • Supplement

      Maestro Pizza (B): The Competition Awakens

      By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell and Fares Khrais
      Maestro pizza opened its first store in 2013 after its founder, Khalid Al Omran, recognized an opportunity in Saudi Arabia to offer high quality pizza at affordable prices. The business grew rapidly and under the radar at first, but soon enough caught the attention of... View Details
      Keywords: Competitive Strategy; Competitive Advantage; Competition; Market Entry and Exit; Emerging Markets; Business Startups; Corporate Entrepreneurship; Product Positioning; Disruption; Disruptive Innovation; Advertising; Advertising Campaigns; Social Media; Forecasting and Prediction; Crisis Management; Growth and Development Strategy; Brands and Branding; Product Development; Production; Service Delivery; Business Growth and Maturation; Financial Statements; Cost Management; Analysis; Quality; Performance Consistency; Customer Satisfaction; Profit; Family Ownership; Food and Beverage Industry; Saudi Arabia; Middle East
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      Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, and Fares Khrais. "Maestro Pizza (B): The Competition Awakens." Harvard Business School Supplement 722-400, May 2022.
      • May 2022
      • Supplement

      Maestro Pizza (C): Taking the Fight Outside

      By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell and Fares Khrais
      Maestro pizza opened its first store in 2013 after its founder, Khalid Al Omran, recognized an opportunity in Saudi Arabia to offer high quality pizza at affordable prices. The business grew rapidly and under the radar at first, but soon enough caught the attention of... View Details
      Keywords: Competitive Strategy; Competitive Advantage; Competition; Market Entry and Exit; Emerging Markets; Business Startups; Corporate Entrepreneurship; Product Positioning; Disruption; Disruptive Innovation; Advertising; Advertising Campaigns; Social Media; Forecasting and Prediction; Crisis Management; Growth and Development Strategy; Brands and Branding; Product Development; Production; Service Delivery; Business Growth and Maturation; Financial Statements; Cost Management; Analysis; Quality; Performance Consistency; Customer Satisfaction; Profit; Family Ownership; Food and Beverage Industry; Middle East; Saudi Arabia
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      Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, and Fares Khrais. "Maestro Pizza (C): Taking the Fight Outside." Harvard Business School Supplement 722-401, May 2022.
      • May 2022
      • Case

      Maestro Pizza: Coming in Hot!

      By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell and Fares Khrais
      Maestro Pizza opened its first store in 2013 after its founder, Khalid Al Omran, recognized an opportunity in Saudi Arabia to offer high quality pizza at affordable prices. The business grew rapidly and under the radar at first, but soon enough caught the attention of... View Details
      Keywords: Competitive Strategy; Competitive Advantage; Competition; Market Entry and Exit; Emerging Markets; Business Startups; Corporate Entrepreneurship; Product Positioning; Disruption; Disruptive Innovation; Advertising; Advertising Campaigns; Social Media; Forecasting and Prediction; Crisis Management; Growth and Development Strategy; Brands and Branding; Product Development; Production; Service Delivery; Business Growth and Maturation; Financial Statements; Cost Management; Analysis; Quality; Performance Consistency; Customer Satisfaction; Profit; Family Ownership; Food and Beverage Industry; Middle East; Saudi Arabia
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      Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, and Fares Khrais. "Maestro Pizza: Coming in Hot!" Harvard Business School Case 722-399, May 2022.
      • March 2022
      • Case

      Auto Mag (Abridged)

      By: David E. Bell
      A young HBS graduate purchases a publisher of specialty magazines that advertises second hand cars, boats, trucks, etc. The magazines carry photographs and a brief description of each article for sale. The company faces the problem of deciding on how many magazines to... View Details
      Keywords: Distribution; Cost Management; Decision Choices and Conditions; Forecasting and Prediction
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      Bell, David E. "Auto Mag (Abridged)." Harvard Business School Case 122-096, March 2022.
      • September 2021
      • Article

      Network Interconnectivity and Entry into Platform Markets

      By: Feng Zhu, Xinxin Li, Ehsan Valavi and Marco Iansiti
      Digital technologies have led to the emergence of many platforms in our economy today. In certain platform networks, buyers in one market purchase services from providers in many other markets, whereas in others, buyers primarily purchase services from providers within... View Details
      Keywords: Network Interconnectivity; Platform Competition; Market Entry; Networks; Digital Platforms; Competition; Market Entry and Exit
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      Zhu, Feng, Xinxin Li, Ehsan Valavi, and Marco Iansiti. "Network Interconnectivity and Entry into Platform Markets." Information Systems Research 32, no. 3 (September 2021): 1009–1024.
      • April 2020
      • Teaching Note

      Tailor Brands: Artificial Intelligence-Driven Branding

      By: Jill Avery
      Using proprietary artificial intelligence technology, startup Tailor Brands set out to democratize branding by allowing small businesses to create their brand identities by automatically generating logos in just minutes at minimal cost with no branding or design skills... View Details
      Keywords: Marketing; Brands and Branding; Marketing Strategy; Advertising Industry; Advertising Industry; United States; North America
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      Avery, Jill. "Tailor Brands: Artificial Intelligence-Driven Branding." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 520-103, April 2020.
      • March 2020
      • Technical Note

      Influencer Marketing

      By: Jill Avery and Ayelet Israeli
      Despite a heavy barrage of advertising, most consumers declare that their purchases are most influenced by the experiences, advice, and recommendations of others, and not by marketers. Interpersonal communication between and among consumers serves as a potent path for... View Details
      Keywords: Influencers; Marketing; Marketing Communications; Brands and Branding; Marketing Strategy; Advertising Industry; Advertising Industry; Advertising Industry
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      Avery, Jill, and Ayelet Israeli. "Influencer Marketing." Harvard Business School Technical Note 520-075, March 2020.
      • December 2018 (Revised August 2019)
      • Case

      Super Bowl Storytelling

      By: Shelle Santana and Jill Avery
      The one day a year when consumers not only tolerate but actually eagerly anticipate ads is during the NFL's Super Bowl. In sharp contrast to their behavior on the other 364 days of the year, consumers watch an average of 89 commercials per Super Bowl game for an... View Details
      Keywords: Television Advertising; Entertainment; Brand Management; Marketing; Marketing Strategy; Marketing Communications; Advertising; Television Entertainment; Brands and Branding; Media; Cost vs Benefits; Advertising Industry; Advertising Industry; Advertising Industry; United States; North America
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      Santana, Shelle, and Jill Avery. "Super Bowl Storytelling." Harvard Business School Case 519-041, December 2018. (Revised August 2019.)
      • August 2018 (Revised October 2020)
      • Case

      Tailor Brands: Artificial Intelligence-Driven Branding

      By: Jill Avery
      Using proprietary artificial intelligence technology, startup Tailor Brands set out to democratize branding by allowing small businesses to create their brand identities by automatically generating logos in just minutes at minimal cost with no branding or design skills... View Details
      Keywords: Startup; Services; Artificial Intelligence; Machine Learning; Digital Marketing; Brand Management; Big Data; Internet Marketing; Analytics; Marketing; Marketing Strategy; Brands and Branding; Information Technology; Entrepreneurship; Venture Capital; Business Model; Consumer Behavior; AI and Machine Learning; Analytics and Data Science; Advertising Industry; Advertising Industry; Advertising Industry; United States; North America; Israel
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      Avery, Jill. "Tailor Brands: Artificial Intelligence-Driven Branding." Harvard Business School Case 519-017, August 2018. (Revised October 2020.)
      • July 2018
      • Case

      Financing Anghami's Growth

      By: Ramana Nanda and Eren Kuzucu
      In December 2012, less than two years into the founding of their music-streaming platform Anghami, cofounders Elie Habib and Eddy Maroun found themselves evaluating an unorthodox term sheet. Habib and Maroun needed to make a decision vis-à-vis the proposal put forth by... View Details
      Keywords: Growth; Startups; Copyright; Business Startups; Business Model; Music Entertainment; Decisions; Technological Innovation; Venture Capital; Internet and the Web; Growth and Development Strategy; Financial Strategy; Product Marketing; Product Launch; Product Development; Expansion; Digital Platforms; Agreements and Arrangements; Valuation; Decision Making; Middle East; Lebanon
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      Nanda, Ramana, and Eren Kuzucu. "Financing Anghami's Growth." Harvard Business School Case 819-033, July 2018.
      • June 2018 (Revised October 2018)
      • Teaching Note

      Valuing Snap After the IPO Quiet Period (A), (B), and (C)

      By: Marco Di Maggio and Benjamin C. Esty
      Teaching Note for HBS Nos. 218-095, 218-096, and 218-116. View Details
      Keywords: Sell-side Analysts; Underwriters; Investment Banking; Social Network; Discounted Cash Flow; Cost Of Capital; Conflicts Of Interest; Corporate Governance; Advertising; Quiet Period; Business Startups; Digital Marketing; Initial Public Offering; Information Infrastructure; Valuation; Venture Capital; Forecasting and Prediction; Social Media; Advertising Industry; Advertising Industry; Advertising Industry; United States; California
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      Di Maggio, Marco, and Benjamin C. Esty. "Valuing Snap After the IPO Quiet Period (A), (B), and (C)." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 218-101, June 2018. (Revised October 2018.)
      • June 2018 (Revised April 2021)
      • Supplement

      Valuing Snap After the IPO Quiet Period

      By: Benjamin C. Esty, Marco Di Maggio and Greg Saldutte
      Keywords: Sell-side Analysts; Underwriters; Investment Banking; Social Network; Discounted Cash Flow; Cost Of Capital; Conflicts Of Interest; Corporate Governance; Advertising; Quiet Period; Business Startups; Digital Marketing; Initial Public Offering; Information Infrastructure; Valuation; Venture Capital; Forecasting and Prediction; Social Media; United States; California
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      Esty, Benjamin C., Marco Di Maggio, and Greg Saldutte. "Valuing Snap After the IPO Quiet Period." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 218-726, June 2018. (Revised April 2021.)
      • June 2018 (Revised April 2021)
      • Case

      Valuing Snap After the IPO Quiet Period (A)

      By: Marco Di Maggio, Benjamin C. Esty and Gregory Saldutte
      Snap, the disappearing message app, went public at $17 per share on March 2, 2017, making its two 20-something founders the youngest self-made billionaires in the country. Over the next three weeks, 14 analysts made investment recommendations on Snap: two with buy... View Details
      Keywords: Sell-side Analysts; Underwriters; Investment Banking; Social Network; Discounted Cash Flow; Cost Of Capital; Conflicts Of Interest; Corporate Governance; Advertising; Quiet Period; "DCF Valuation,"; Business Startups; Digital Marketing; Initial Public Offering; Information Infrastructure; Valuation; Venture Capital; Forecasting and Prediction; Social Media; Advertising Industry; Advertising Industry; Advertising Industry; United States; California
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      Di Maggio, Marco, Benjamin C. Esty, and Gregory Saldutte. "Valuing Snap After the IPO Quiet Period (A)." Harvard Business School Case 218-095, June 2018. (Revised April 2021.)
      • June 2018
      • Supplement

      Valuing Snap After the IPO Quiet Period (B)

      By: Marco Di Maggio and Benjamin C. Esty
      Analyzes Snap’s value and analyst recommendations following the events described in the (A) case. View Details
      Keywords: Sell-side Analysts; Underwriters; Investment Banking; Social Network; Discounted Cash Flow; Cost Of Capital; Conflicts Of Interest; Corporate Governance; Advertising; Quiet Period; Business Startups; Digital Marketing; Initial Public Offering; Information Infrastructure; Valuation; Venture Capital; Forecasting and Prediction; Social Media; Advertising Industry; Advertising Industry; Advertising Industry; United States; California
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      Di Maggio, Marco, and Benjamin C. Esty. "Valuing Snap After the IPO Quiet Period (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 218-096, June 2018.
      • June 2018
      • Supplement

      Valuing Snap After the IPO Quiet Period (C)

      By: Marco Di Maggio, Benjamin C. Esty and Gregory Saldutte
      Analyzes Snap’s value and analyst recommendations following the events described in the (B) case. View Details
      Keywords: Sell-side Analysts; Underwriters; Investment Banking; Social Network; Discounted Cash Flow; Cost Of Capital; Conflicts Of Interest; Corporate Governance; Advertising; Quiet Period; Business Startups; Digital Marketing; Initial Public Offering; Information Infrastructure; Valuation; Venture Capital; Forecasting and Prediction; Social Media; Advertising Industry; Advertising Industry; Advertising Industry; United States; California
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      Di Maggio, Marco, Benjamin C. Esty, and Gregory Saldutte. "Valuing Snap After the IPO Quiet Period (C)." Harvard Business School Supplement 218-116, June 2018.
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