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  • All HBS Web  (2,186)
    • People  (1)
    • News  (437)
    • Research  (1,502)
    • Events  (49)
    • Multimedia  (13)
  • Faculty Publications  (934)
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  • August 2024
  • Article

How Do Copayment Coupons Affect Branded Drug Prices and Quantities Purchased?

By: Leemore S. Dafny, Kate Ho and Edward Kong
Drug copayment coupons to reduce patient cost-sharing have become nearly ubiquitous for high-priced brand-name prescription drugs. Medicare bans such coupons on the grounds that they are kickbacks that induce utilization, but they are commonly used by... View Details
Keywords: Prescription Drugs; Coupons; Impact; Health Care and Treatment; Markets; Price; Spending; Pharmaceutical Industry; United States
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Dafny, Leemore S., Kate Ho, and Edward Kong. "How Do Copayment Coupons Affect Branded Drug Prices and Quantities Purchased?" American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 16, no. 3 (August 2024): 314–346.
  • December 2019
  • Article

Invest in Information or Wing It? A Model of Dynamic Pricing with Seller Learning

By: Guofang Huang, Hong Luo and Jing Xia
Pricing idiosyncratic products is often challenging because the seller, ex ante, lacks information about the demand for individual items. This paper develops a model of dynamic pricing for idiosyncratic products that features the optimal stopping structure and a seller... View Details
Keywords: Dynamic Pricing; Idiosyncratic Products; Item-specific Demand; Demand Uncertainty; Active Seller Learning; The Value Of Information; Price; Information; Value; Learning
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Huang, Guofang, Hong Luo, and Jing Xia. "Invest in Information or Wing It? A Model of Dynamic Pricing with Seller Learning." Management Science 65, no. 12 (December 2019): 5556–5583.
  • 2025
  • Article

Statistical Inference for Heterogeneous Treatment Effects Discovered by Generic Machine Learning in Randomized Experiments

By: Kosuke Imai and Michael Lingzhi Li
Researchers are increasingly turning to machine learning (ML) algorithms to investigate causal heterogeneity in randomized experiments. Despite their promise, ML algorithms may fail to accurately ascertain heterogeneous treatment effects under practical settings with... View Details
Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Mathematical Methods; Analytics and Data Science
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Imai, Kosuke, and Michael Lingzhi Li. "Statistical Inference for Heterogeneous Treatment Effects Discovered by Generic Machine Learning in Randomized Experiments." Journal of Business & Economic Statistics 43, no. 1 (2025): 256–268.
  • April 1988 (Revised April 1991)
  • Case

Boeing 767: From Concept to Production (A)

By: David A. Garvin
Describes the evolution of the Boeing 767 from the conception of the project to the start of manufacturing. Shows how the company manages an enormously complex and risky project and introduces students to a variety of estimating and management tools. The decision issue... View Details
Keywords: Production; Product Design; Product Development; Decisions; Risk and Uncertainty; Risk Management; Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques; Air Transportation Industry; Manufacturing Industry
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Garvin, David A. "Boeing 767: From Concept to Production (A)." Harvard Business School Case 688-040, April 1988. (Revised April 1991.)
  • March 1988 (Revised June 1993)
  • Background Note

Leveraged Betas and the Cost of Equity

The objective is to delineate on methodology for measuring the risk associated with financial leverage and estimating its impact on the cost of equity capital. View Details
Keywords: Cost of Capital; Capital Structure; Equity
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Asquith, K. Paul. "Leveraged Betas and the Cost of Equity." Harvard Business School Background Note 288-036, March 1988. (Revised June 1993.)
  • 2010
  • Other Unpublished Work

Modeling Passenger Travel and Delays in the National Air Transportation System

Many of the existing methods for evaluating an airline's on-time performance are based on flight-centric measures of delay. However, recent research has demonstrated that passenger delays depend on many factors in addition to flight delays. For instance,... View Details
Keywords: Mathematical Methods; Performance Evaluation; Air Transportation Industry; United States
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Barnhart, C., D. Fearing, and V. Vaze. "Modeling Passenger Travel and Delays in the National Air Transportation System."
  • 24 Jun 2015
  • Working Paper Summaries

Accounting Data, Market Values, and the Cross Section of Expected Returns World

Keywords: by Charles C.Y. Wang; Accounting
  • October 2000
  • Case

Tree Values

By: Richard S. Ruback and Kathleen Luchs
Describes two alternative tree cutting strategies. The first is to cut all trees that are at least 12 inches in diameter at breast height. The second is to thin the forest by cutting less desirable trees immediately and harvesting the crop trees later. The case... View Details
Keywords: Strategy; Decision Making; Cash Flow; Decision Choices and Conditions; Management Practices and Processes; Value Creation; Forestry Industry
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Ruback, Richard S., and Kathleen Luchs. "Tree Values." Harvard Business School Case 201-031, October 2000.
  • 07 Jul 2020
  • Working Paper Summaries

Predictable Financial Crises

Keywords: by Robin Greenwood, Samuel G. Hanson, Andrei Shleifer, and Jakob Ahm Sørensen
  • Article

How Did the Great Recession Affect Charitable Giving?

By: Arthur C. Brooks
A great deal of research has studied the effects of income and tax changes on charitable giving. However, little work has focused on how these relationships were affected by the Great Recession. This article estimates the tax and income effects using the 2009 Panel... View Details
Keywords: Charitable Giving; Great Recession; Philanthropy; Philanthropy and Charitable Giving; Financial Crisis; Taxation; Policy
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Brooks, Arthur C. "How Did the Great Recession Affect Charitable Giving?" Public Finance Review 46, no. 5 (September 2018): 715–742.
  • August 2013 (Revised November 2013)
  • Case

Gordon Brothers: Collateralizing Corporate Loans by Brands

By: Paul Healy and Maria Loumioti
The case explores the collateralization of intellectual property in a loan agreement between a highly leveraged apparel company and a large US bank. Leveraging intangibles in the credit market is a new practice that has significantly grown over the past few years.... View Details
Keywords: Intangible Assets; Accounting; Valuation; Finance; Restructuring; United States
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Healy, Paul, and Maria Loumioti. "Gordon Brothers: Collateralizing Corporate Loans by Brands." Harvard Business School Case 114-016, August 2013. (Revised November 2013.)
  • 03 Nov 2020
  • Working Paper Summaries

An Executive Order Worth $100 Billion: The Impact of an Immigration Ban’s Announcement on Fortune 500 Firms’ Valuation

Keywords: by Dany Bahar, Prithwiraj Choudhury, and Britta Glennon
  • June 2009
  • Case

Midland Energy Resources, Inc.: Cost of Capital

By: Timothy A. Luehrman and Joel L. Heilprin
The senior vice president of project finance for a global oil and gas company must determine the weighted average cost of capital for the company as a whole and each of its divisions as part of the annual capital budgeting process. The case uses comparable companies to... View Details
Keywords: Risk Assessment; Risk and Uncertainty; Risk Management; Cost of Capital; Cash Flow; Capital Structure; Valuation; Capital Budgeting; Energy Industry
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Luehrman, Timothy A., and Joel L. Heilprin. "Midland Energy Resources, Inc.: Cost of Capital." Harvard Business School Brief Case 094-129, June 2009.
  • May 1993 (Revised June 1993)
  • Case

Friendly Cards, Inc.

By: William E. Fruhan Jr.
Involves analysis of a major capital investment proposal, an acquisition of another company, an estimate of the funds required for these two possible outlays, and a recommended course of management action. View Details
Keywords: Mergers and Acquisitions; Capital; Capital Budgeting; Investment
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Fruhan, William E., Jr. "Friendly Cards, Inc." Harvard Business School Case 293-135, May 1993. (Revised June 1993.)
  • 2023
  • Working Paper

Polarizing Corporations: Does Talent Flow to "Good" Firms?

By: Emanuele Colonnelli, Tim McQuade, Gabriel Ramos, Thomas Rauter and Olivia Xiong
We conduct a field experiment in partnership with the largest job platform in Brazil to study how environmental, social, and governance (ESG) practices of firms affect talent allocation. We find both an average job-seeker’s preference for ESG and a large degree of... View Details
Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Job Search; Talent and Talent Management; Wages; Attitudes
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Colonnelli, Emanuele, Tim McQuade, Gabriel Ramos, Thomas Rauter, and Olivia Xiong. Polarizing Corporations: Does Talent Flow to "Good" Firms? Working Paper, November 2023.
  • 2023
  • Working Paper

Complexity and Time

By: Benjamin Enke, Thomas Graeber and Ryan Oprea
We provide experimental evidence that core intertemporal choice anomalies -- including extreme short-run impatience, structural estimates of present bias, hyperbolicity and transitivity violations -- are driven by complexity rather than time or risk preferences. First,... View Details
Keywords: Decision Choices and Conditions; Motivation and Incentives
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Enke, Benjamin, Thomas Graeber, and Ryan Oprea. "Complexity and Time." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 31047, March 2023.
  • 2023
  • Working Paper

Flow-Driven ESG Returns

By: Philippe van der Beck
I show that the recent returns to ESG investing are strongly driven by price impact from flows towards ESG funds. Using data on institutional trades, I estimate the market’s ability to accommodate the demand of ESG funds, which is given by the elasticity of... View Details
Keywords: Investment Funds; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Financial Markets; Investment Return
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van der Beck, Philippe. "Flow-Driven ESG Returns." Swiss Finance Institute Research Paper Series, No. 21-71, November 2023.
  • 2020
  • Working Paper

Contract Duration and the Costs of Market Transactions

By: Alexander MacKay
The optimal duration of a supply contract balances the costs of reselecting a supplier against the costs of being matched to an inefficient supplier when the contract lasts too long. I develop a structural model of contract duration that captures this tradeoff and... View Details
Keywords: Vertical Relationships; Transaction Costs; Contract Duration; Identification; Supply Chain; Cost; Contracts; Auctions; Mathematical Methods
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MacKay, Alexander. "Contract Duration and the Costs of Market Transactions." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 18-058, December 2017. (Revised May 2020. Direct download.)
  • December 1997
  • Case

Fixed Income Valuation

By: W. Carl Kester
A collection of problems that introduces students to the use of discounted cash flow analysis in the valuation of fixed income securities. Students are required to estimate bond prices and yields to maturity, among other items. View Details
Keywords: Valuation; Cash Flow; Bonds
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Kester, W. Carl. "Fixed Income Valuation." Harvard Business School Case 298-080, December 1997.
  • 2016
  • Working Paper

Economic Transition and Private-Sector Labor Demand: Evidence from Urban China

By: Lakshmi Iyer, Xin Meng, Nancy Qian and Xiaoxue Zhao
This paper studies the policy determinants of economic transition and estimates the elasticity demand for labor in the infant private sector in urban China. We show that a reform that untied access to housing in urban areas from working for the state sector accounts... View Details
Keywords: Economic Transition; Structural Change; Labor Mobility; Transition; Human Capital; Private Sector; China
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Iyer, Lakshmi, Xin Meng, Nancy Qian, and Xiaoxue Zhao. "Economic Transition and Private-Sector Labor Demand: Evidence from Urban China." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 14-047, December 2013. (Revised April 2016.)
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