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      • September 2002 (Revised November 2002)
      • Case

      Transformation at the IRS

      By: Amy C. Edmondson, Frances X. Frei and Corey B. Hajim
      Describes the service transformation occurring at the U.S. Internal Revenue Service. Plagued by a history of poor service, enormous complexity, and an insular employee base, the 100,000-person organization grapples with a turnaround process that attempts to change... View Details
      Keywords: Service Delivery; Service Operations; Organizational Structure; Taxation; Organizational Culture; Transformation; Public Administration Industry; United States
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      Edmondson, Amy C., Frances X. Frei, and Corey B. Hajim. "Transformation at the IRS." Harvard Business School Case 603-010, September 2002. (Revised November 2002.)
      • April 2002 (Revised October 2003)
      • Case

      Pension Plan of Bethlehem Steel, 2001, The

      By: Peter Tufano
      Bethlehem Steel's 2001 bankruptcy filing inspires an employee's daughter to evaluate her father's pension plan, weeks after September 11's tragedies exacerbated a weakening U.S. economy and just months before her father planned to retire. Battered equity markets and... View Details
      Keywords: Asset Management; Financial Instruments; Retirement; Steel Industry; United States
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      Tufano, Peter, Zvi Bodie, and Akiko M. Mitsui. "Pension Plan of Bethlehem Steel, 2001, The." Harvard Business School Case 202-088, April 2002. (Revised October 2003.)
      • July 2001 (Revised February 2003)
      • Case

      Recall 2000: Bridgestone Corp. (A)

      By: Lynn S. Paine
      In September 2000, the president of Bridgestone-Firestone, the U.S. subsidiary of Japan's Bridgestone Corp., was invited to appear before a U.S. congressional subcommittee investigating the August 2000 recall of more than 6.5 million tires made by the subsidiary. The... View Details
      Keywords: History; Crisis Management; Business Processes; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Manufacturing Industry; Auto Industry; Rubber Industry; Japan; United States
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      Paine, Lynn S. "Recall 2000: Bridgestone Corp. (A)." Harvard Business School Case 302-013, July 2001. (Revised February 2003.)
      • March 2001 (Revised March 2016)
      • Case

      Charlene Barshefsky (A)

      By: James K. Sebenius and Rebecca Hulse
      Describes the challenges former U.S. Trade Representative Charlene Barshefsky faced while negotiating a trade agreement with China to improve its domestic intellectual property rights enforcement. After briefly describing Barshefsky's past experience with trade... View Details
      Keywords: Trade; International Relations; Copyright; Negotiation Style; Negotiation Tactics; Alliances; Business and Government Relations; China; United States
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      Sebenius, James K., and Rebecca Hulse. "Charlene Barshefsky (A)." Harvard Business School Case 801-421, March 2001. (Revised March 2016.)
      • February 2001 (Revised February 2002)
      • Case

      Estee Lauder and the Market for Prestige Cosmetics

      By: Nancy F. Koehn
      Opens with a brief history of the U.S. cosmetics market and its rapid development in the 1920s. Also recounts Lauder's initial involvement in the sector, making skin care products and selling them in Manhattan beauty parlors during the Great Depression. Pays particular... View Details
      Keywords: Fluctuation; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Market Entry and Exit; Entrepreneurship; Luxury; Business Strategy; Society; Beauty and Cosmetics Industry; United States
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      Koehn, Nancy F. "Estee Lauder and the Market for Prestige Cosmetics." Harvard Business School Case 801-362, February 2001. (Revised February 2002.)
      • November 1998 (Revised July 1999)
      • Background Note

      Business as Stakeholder in Public Education: A History of Business Efforts to Improve Public Schools in the United States

      By: Rosabeth M. Kanter
      Explores seven roles businesses and business leaders have played with respect to U.S. public education reform historically and today: "owners" helping set the agenda; "investors" donating funds; "customers" hiring graduates; "experts" contributing management know-how;... View Details
      Keywords: Business Model; Education; Performance Improvement; Business and Community Relations; United States
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      Kanter, Rosabeth M. "Business as Stakeholder in Public Education: A History of Business Efforts to Improve Public Schools in the United States." Harvard Business School Background Note 399-062, November 1998. (Revised July 1999.)
      • September 1997 (Revised March 1998)
      • Background Note

      Automobile Retailing in the U.S.

      By: V. Kasturi Rangan and Marie Bell
      In the mid-1990s, the U.S. automobile retailing industry is on the brink of profound change. This case traces the drivers of change, the history of the industry, and potential distribution systems of the future. View Details
      Keywords: History; Distribution; Change; Auto Industry; Retail Industry; United States
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      Rangan, V. Kasturi, and Marie Bell. "Automobile Retailing in the U.S." Harvard Business School Background Note 598-014, September 1997. (Revised March 1998.)
      • September 1996 (Revised December 2000)
      • Background Note

      Protection of Intellectual Property in the United States, The

      By: Myra M. Hart and Howard G. Zaharoff
      Presents an overview of U.S. laws/systems in place to safeguard intellectual property rights. Includes a brief history of the development of the laws. Attention is given to patents, licenses, copyrights, trade secrets, trade and service markets, and non-disclosure and... View Details
      Keywords: Trademarks; Patents; Copyright; Laws and Statutes; Agreements and Arrangements; United States
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      Hart, Myra M., and Howard G. Zaharoff. "Protection of Intellectual Property in the United States, The." Harvard Business School Background Note 897-046, September 1996. (Revised December 2000.)
      • December 1995 (Revised November 1996)
      • Background Note

      Corporate Purpose and Responsibility

      By: Lynn S. Paine
      Presents several conceptions of corporate purpose and responsibility as articulated by a variety of groups and individuals during the period 1970-95. Included are materials from the Business Roundtable, the American Law Institute, the Royal Society of Arts and... View Details
      Keywords: Mission and Purpose; History; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact
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      Paine, Lynn S. "Corporate Purpose and Responsibility." Harvard Business School Background Note 396-201, December 1995. (Revised November 1996.)
      • 1989
      • Chapter

      Minguo shiqi Zhongwai jingji jishu hezuo: Meigo zhanshi shengchan quwentuan huan Hua, 1944-1946 [Sino-foreign Economic and Technical Cooporation in Republican China: The U.S. War Production Mission to China, 1944-46]

      By: William C. Kirby
      Keywords: History; International Finance; International Relations; Cooperation; Developing Countries and Economies; China; United States
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      Kirby, William C. "Minguo shiqi Zhongwai jingji jishu hezuo: Meigo zhanshi shengchan quwentuan huan Hua, 1944-1946 [Sino-foreign Economic and Technical Cooporation in Republican China: The U.S. War Production Mission to China, 1944-46]." In Minguo dang'an yu minguo shi xueshu taolunhui lunwenji [Proceedings of the Conference on the Archives and History of Republican China], edited by Zhang Xianwen, et al.. Beijing: Dang'an chubanshe [Archives Press], 1989.
      • December 1986
      • Article

      Understanding the U.S. Dollar in the Eighties: The Expectations of Chartists and Fundamentalists

      By: J. Frankel and K. A. Froot
      Keywords: Currencies; Exchange Rates; Asset Pricing; International Macroeconomics; Monetary Policy; Currency Controls; Fixed Exchange Rates; Floating Exchange Rates; Currency Bands; Currency Zones; Currency Areas; Rational Expectations; History; Performance Expectations; Economics; United States
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      Frankel, J., and K. A. Froot. "Understanding the U.S. Dollar in the Eighties: The Expectations of Chartists and Fundamentalists." Special Issue Economic Record (December 1986): 24–38. (Reprinted in Exchange Rate Economics, vol. I, edited by R. MacDonald and M. Taylor, International Library of Critical Writings in Economics, Edward Elgar Publishing, U.K., 1992.)
      • 1984
      • Book

      Energy Policy in America Since 1945: A Study of Business-Government Relations

      By: Richard Vietor
      Follows the history of government intervention in U.S. energy markets from 1945 to the present and shows how shifting market conditions of surplus and shortage and above all, price have played a determining role in the political process and U.S. fuel policy... View Details
      Keywords: Political Economy; United States; Postwar Policy; Energy; Energy Sources; Policy; United States
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      Vietor, Richard. Energy Policy in America Since 1945: A Study of Business-Government Relations. Cambridge University Press, 1984.
      • Forthcoming
      • Article

      Faith and Assimilation: Italian Immigrants in the U.S.

      By: Stefano Gagliarducci and Marco Tabellini
      How do ethnic religious organizations influence immigrant assimilation? To answer this question, we assemble novel data from the Catholic directories to measure the presence of Italian Catholic churches in the US between 1890 and 1920, when four million Italians moved... View Details
      Keywords: Assimilation; Religious Organizations; Immigration; Religion; History; United States
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      Gagliarducci, Stefano, and Marco Tabellini. "Faith and Assimilation: Italian Immigrants in the U.S." Economic Journal (forthcoming). (Pre-published online February 20, 2025. Also available from NBER and featured in NBER Digest and VoxEU.)
      • Forthcoming
      • Article

      Happily Ever After: Immigration, Natives' Marriage and Fertility

      By: Michela Carlana and Marco Tabellini
      We study the effects of immigration on natives’ marriage, fertility, and family formation across U.S. cities between 1910 and 1930. Using a shift-share design, we find that natives living in cities that received more immigrants were more likely to marry, have children,... View Details
      Keywords: Immigration; Demographics; History; Employment
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      Carlana, Michela, and Marco Tabellini. "Happily Ever After: Immigration, Natives' Marriage and Fertility." Journal of Economic History (forthcoming). (Winner of European Economic Association Young Economist Award, 2018. Featured in HBS Working Knowledge.)
      • Forthcoming
      • Article

      Racial Discrimination and the Social Contract: Evidence from U.S. Army Enlistment During WWII

      By: Nancy Qian and Marco Tabellini
      This paper documents that the Pearl Harbor attack triggered a sharp increase in volunteer enlistment rates of American men, the magnitude of the increase was smaller for Black men than for white men and the Black-white gap was larger in counties with higher levels of... View Details
      Keywords: State Capacity; Institutions; War; History; Race; Prejudice and Bias; Government Administration
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      Qian, Nancy, and Marco Tabellini. "Racial Discrimination and the Social Contract: Evidence from U.S. Army Enlistment During WWII." Review of Economic Studies (forthcoming). (Pre-published online May 22, 2025. Available also from KelloggInsight, HBS Working Knowledge, and NBER.)
      • Forthcoming
      • Article

      You've Got Mail! The Late 19th-Century U.S. Postal Service Expansion, Firm Creation, and Firm Performance

      By: Astrid Marinoni and Maria P. Roche
      This paper examines the impact of the expansion of the US Postal Service in the late 19th century on firm creation and performance. Utilizing newly digitized archival data on historic business establishments, post office locations, and road networks in California,... View Details
      Keywords: Institutional Innovation; Knowledge Exchange; US Postal Service; Firm Performance; Infrastructure; Expansion; Government Administration; Communication; Business History; Entrepreneurship; Public Administration Industry; California
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      Marinoni, Astrid, and Maria P. Roche. "You've Got Mail! The Late 19th-Century U.S. Postal Service Expansion, Firm Creation, and Firm Performance." Management Science (forthcoming). (Pre-published online January 15, 2025.)
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