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      • Article

      Agility Hacks

      By: Amy C. Edmondson and Ranjay Gulati
      In the past 20 years, the agile approach to improving products, services, and processes has swept the business world. Rooted in software development, agile has spread to many other functions, and some companies have turned much of their organization, including the... View Details
      Keywords: Agile Practices; Agile Project Management; Projects; Management Practices and Processes; Groups and Teams; Innovation Strategy
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      Edmondson, Amy C., and Ranjay Gulati. "Agility Hacks." Harvard Business Review 99, no. 6 (November–December 2021).
      • Article

      Fighting Bias on the Front Lines

      By: Alexandra C. Feldberg and Tami Kim
      Most companies aim for exceptional customer service, but too few are attentive to the subtle discrimination by frontline employees that can alienate customers, lead to lawsuits, or even cause lasting brand damage by going viral.
      This article presents research... View Details
      Keywords: Customer Service; Customer Focus and Relationships; Service Delivery; Diversity; Prejudice and Bias; Organizational Change and Adaptation
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      Feldberg, Alexandra C., and Tami Kim. "Fighting Bias on the Front Lines." Harvard Business Review 99, no. 6 (November–December 2021): 90–98.
      • October 2021 (Revised December 2021)
      • Case

      Customer-Centric Design with Artificial Intelligence: Commonwealth Bank

      By: Karim R. Lakhani, Yael Grushka-Cockayne, Jin Hyun Paik and Steven Randazzo
      As Commonwealth Bank (CommBank) CEO Matt Comyn delivered the full financial year results in August 2021 over videoconference, it took less than two minutes for him to make his first mention of the organization's Customer Engagement Engine (CEE), the AI-driven customer... View Details
      Keywords: Artificial Intelligence; Customer-centricity; Banks and Banking; Customer Focus and Relationships; Technological Innovation; Transformation; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Performance; AI and Machine Learning; Financial Services Industry; Australia
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      Lakhani, Karim R., Yael Grushka-Cockayne, Jin Hyun Paik, and Steven Randazzo. "Customer-Centric Design with Artificial Intelligence: Commonwealth Bank." Harvard Business School Case 622-065, October 2021. (Revised December 2021.)
      • October 1, 2021
      • Article

      An Evaluation of Cross-efficiency Methods: With an Application to Warehouse Performance.

      By: B.M. Balk, M.R. De Koster, Christian Kaps and J.L. Zofio
      Cross-efficiency measurement is an extension of Data Envelopment Analysis that allows for tie-breaking ranking of the Decision Making Units (DMUs) using all the peer evaluations. In this article we examine the theory of cross-efficiency measurement by comparing a... View Details
      Keywords: Efficiency Analysis; Performance Benchmarking; Warehousing; Analytics and Data Science; Performance Evaluation; Measurement and Metrics; Mathematical Methods
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      Balk, B.M., M.R. De Koster, Christian Kaps, and J.L. Zofio. "An Evaluation of Cross-efficiency Methods: With an Application to Warehouse Performance." Art. 126261. Applied Mathematics and Computation 406 (October 1, 2021).
      • September 28, 2021
      • Editorial

      A Guide to Implementing the 4-Day Workweek

      By: A.V. Whillans and Charlotte Lockhart
      As organizations continue to explore a variety of flexible work options, one promising avenue is the four-day workweek: The standard 40 hours per week is reduced to 32 hours, with the same pay and the same productivity expectations. Research suggests reducing hours can... View Details
      Keywords: Workweek; Stress; Employees; Health; Performance Productivity; Organizational Change and Adaptation
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      Whillans, A.V., and Charlotte Lockhart. "A Guide to Implementing the 4-Day Workweek." Harvard Business Review (website) (September 28, 2021).
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      The Luck of the Draw: The Causal Effect of Physicians on Birth Outcomes

      By: Arlen Guarin, Christian Posso, Estefania Saravia and Jorge Tamayo
      Identifying the effect of physicians’ skills on health outcomes is a challenging task due to the nonrandom sorting between physicians and hospitals. We overcome this challenge by exploiting a Colombian government program that randomly assigned 2,126 physicians to 618... View Details
      Keywords: Physicians' Health Skills; Health Birth Outcomes; Birthing Outcomes; Experimental Evidence; Health Care and Treatment; Competency and Skills; Outcome or Result; Health Industry; Colombia
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      Guarin, Arlen, Christian Posso, Estefania Saravia, and Jorge Tamayo. "The Luck of the Draw: The Causal Effect of Physicians on Birth Outcomes." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-015, February 2021. (R&R American Economic Journal.)
      • September 2021
      • Article

      Diagnostic Bubbles

      By: Pedro Bordalo, Nicola Gennaioli, Spencer Yongwook Kwon and Andrei Shleifer
      We introduce diagnostic expectations into a standard setting of price formation in which investors learn about the fundamental value of an asset and trade it. We study the interaction of diagnostic expectations with two well-known mechanisms: learning from prices and... View Details
      Keywords: Bubble; Speculation; Diagnostic Expectations; Price Bubble; Mathematical Methods
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      Bordalo, Pedro, Nicola Gennaioli, Spencer Yongwook Kwon, and Andrei Shleifer. "Diagnostic Bubbles." Journal of Financial Economics 141, no. 3 (September 2021).
      • September 2021
      • Article

      Kidney Exchange: An Operations Perspective

      By: Itai Ashlagi and Alvin E. Roth
      Many patients in need of a kidney transplant have a willing but incompatible (or poorly matched) living donor. Kidney exchange programs arrange exchanges among such patient-donor pairs, in cycles and chains of exchange, so each patient receives a compatible kidney.... View Details
      Keywords: Kidney Exchange Programs; Matching; Health Disorders; Health Care and Treatment; Programs; Design
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      Ashlagi, Itai, and Alvin E. Roth. "Kidney Exchange: An Operations Perspective." Management Science 67, no. 9 (September 2021): 5455–5478.
      • Article

      The Harmonization of Lending Standards within Banks through Mandated Loan-Level Transparency

      By: Jung Koo Kang, Maria Loumioti and Regina Wittenberg-Moerman
      We explore whether the introduction of transparent reporting rules increases credit standard harmonization within a bank. We exploit the new loan-level reporting rules imposed on banks that borrow from the European Central Bank using repurchase agreements... View Details
      Keywords: Transparency; External And Internal Reporting; Credit Term Harmonization; Regulatory Scrutiny; Banks and Banking; Credit; Financial Reporting; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Learning
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      Kang, Jung Koo, Maria Loumioti, and Regina Wittenberg-Moerman. "The Harmonization of Lending Standards within Banks through Mandated Loan-Level Transparency." Journal of Accounting & Economics 72, no. 1 (August 2021): 101386.
      • July 2021
      • Teaching Note

      The Carlyle Group: Carving Out Atotech

      By: Rosabeth Moss Kanter
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 321-153. On January 31, 2017, The Carlyle Group ("Carlyle") closed its $3.2 billion acquisition of Atotech, an international Specialty Chemicals and Equipment company. In Carlyle's Washington, DC headquarters, the US-based deal... View Details
      Keywords: Oil & Gas; Deal; International Acquisition; International; Acquisition; Negotiation; Negotiation Deal; Transformation; Chemicals; Markets; Bids and Bidding; Globalized Markets and Industries; Standards; Chemical Industry; United States; Europe; Asia; Germany
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      Kanter, Rosabeth Moss. "The Carlyle Group: Carving Out Atotech." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 322-022, July 2021.
      • July 2021
      • Article

      Material Sustainability Information and Stock Price Informativeness

      By: Jody Grewal, Clarissa Hauptmann and George Serafeim
      As part of the SEC’s revision of Regulation S-K, many investors proposed the mandatory disclosure of sustainability information in the form of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) data. However, progress is contingent on collecting evidence regarding which... View Details
      Keywords: Voluntary Disclosure; Accounting Standards; Sustainability; Nonfinancial Information; Corporate Social Responsibility; Stock Price Informativeness; Synchronicity; Environmental Sustainability; Corporate Disclosure; Corporate Accountability; Stocks; Price; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Accounting; Standards
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      Grewal, Jody, Clarissa Hauptmann, and George Serafeim. "Material Sustainability Information and Stock Price Informativeness." Journal of Business Ethics 171, no. 3 (July 2021): 513–544.
      • July 2021
      • Article

      Outsourcing Tasks Online: Matching Supply and Demand on Peer-to-Peer Internet Platforms

      By: Zoë Cullen and Chiara Farronato
      We study the growth of online peer-to-peer markets. Using data from TaskRabbit, an expanding marketplace for domestic tasks at the time of our study, we show that growth varies considerably across cities. To disentangle the potential drivers of growth, we look... View Details
      Keywords: Two-sided Market; Two-sided Platforms; Peer-to-peer Markets; Platform Strategy; Sharing Economy; Platform Growth; Internet and the Web; Digital Platforms; Strategy; Market Design; Network Effects
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      Cullen, Zoë, and Chiara Farronato. "Outsourcing Tasks Online: Matching Supply and Demand on Peer-to-Peer Internet Platforms." Management Science 67, no. 7 (July 2021): 3985–4003.
      • Summer 2021
      • Article

      The Cost and Evolution of Quality at Cipla Ltd, 1935–2016

      By: Muhammad H. Zaman and Tarun Khanna
      This article examines the evolution of Indian pharmaceutical manufacturer Cipla towards producing drugs that met the quality standards of European and U.S. regulators. It employs new research in Cipla’s corporate archives, the Creating Emerging Markets database, and... View Details
      Keywords: Cipla; Pharmaceuticals; Drug Quality; Generics; Quality; Standards; Information Technology; Cost; Organizational Culture; Business History; Pharmaceutical Industry; India
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      Zaman, Muhammad H., and Tarun Khanna. "The Cost and Evolution of Quality at Cipla Ltd, 1935–2016." Business History Review 95, no. 2 (Summer 2021): 249–274.
      • June 2021 (Revised November 2024)
      • Case

      MicroStrategy: Accounting for Cryptocurrency

      By: Jonas Heese and Annelena Lobb
      On February 15, 2021, Alina Moss, an analyst who covered the technology company MicroStrategy, pondered a rise in MicroStrategy’s share price. Moss had dialed into the company earnings call. When it ended, Moss had more questions than answers. MicroStrategy had... View Details
      Keywords: Cryptocurrency; Share Price; Electronic Commerce; Intangible Assets; Assets; Accounting; Financial Statements; Financial Management; Financial Reporting; Analytics and Data Science; E-commerce
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      Heese, Jonas, and Annelena Lobb. "MicroStrategy: Accounting for Cryptocurrency." Harvard Business School Case 121-066, June 2021. (Revised November 2024.)
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      Studying the U.S.-Based Portfolio Companies of U.S. Impact Investors

      By: M. Diane Burton, Gurveen Chadha, Shawn A. Cole, Abhishek Dev, Christina Jarymowycz, Leslie Jeng, Laura Kelley, Josh Lerner, Jaime R. Diaz Palacios, Yue (Cynthia) Xu and T. Robert Zochowski
      Recent years have seen a dramatic increase in the reliance on market-based solutions to social and environmental problems around the world (Barman 2016; Horvath and Powell 2020). The growth of impact investing is a vivid example of this trend and, although there have... View Details
      Keywords: Impact Investing; Impact Portfolio Companies; Investment; Social Issues; Environmental Sustainability; Investment Portfolio; Business Ventures; Analytics and Data Science; Performance; United States
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      Burton, M. Diane, Gurveen Chadha, Shawn A. Cole, Abhishek Dev, Christina Jarymowycz, Leslie Jeng, Laura Kelley, Josh Lerner, Jaime R. Diaz Palacios, Yue (Cynthia) Xu, and T. Robert Zochowski. "Studying the U.S.-Based Portfolio Companies of U.S. Impact Investors." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-130, June 2021.
      • June 2021 (Revised November 2021)
      • Case

      Asian Corporate Governance Association: Stemming a 'Race to the Bottom' by Stock Exchanges?

      By: Charles C.Y. Wang and Billy Chan
      This case describes the movement towards dual-class listings on Asian stock exchanges and the efforts of the Asian Corporate Governance Association (ACGA), a not-for-profit shareholder advocacy group, to discourage this trend. As a not-for-profit organization with no... View Details
      Keywords: Corporate Governance; Governance Controls; Nonprofit Organizations; Stocks; Financial Markets; Financial Services Industry; Hong Kong; China; Asia
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      Wang, Charles C.Y., and Billy Chan. "Asian Corporate Governance Association: Stemming a 'Race to the Bottom' by Stock Exchanges?" Harvard Business School Case 121-073, June 2021. (Revised November 2021.)
      • 2021
      • Article

      Designing, Not Checking, for Policy Robustness: An Example with Optimal Taxation

      By: Benjamin B. Lockwood, Afras Sial and Matthew C. Weinzierl
      Economists typically check the robustness of their results by comparing them across plausible ranges of parameter values and model structures. A preferable approach to robustness—for the purposes of policymaking and evaluation—is to design policy that takes these... View Details
      Keywords: Optimal Taxation; Income Tax; Social Welfare; Elasticity; Income; Taxation; Policy
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      Lockwood, Benjamin B., Afras Sial, and Matthew C. Weinzierl. "Designing, Not Checking, for Policy Robustness: An Example with Optimal Taxation." Tax Policy and the Economy 35 (2021).
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      Data Governance, Interoperability and Standardization: Organizational Adaptation to Privacy Regulation

      By: Sam (Ruiqing) Cao and Marco Iansiti
      The increasing availability of data can afford dynamic competitive advantages among data-intensive corporations, but governance bottlenecks hinder data-driven value creation and increase regulatory risks. We analyze the role of two technological features of data... View Details
      Keywords: Organizations; Information Technology; Performance Productivity; Growth and Development; Transformation
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      Cao, Sam (Ruiqing), and Marco Iansiti. "Data Governance, Interoperability and Standardization: Organizational Adaptation to Privacy Regulation." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-122, May 2021. (Revised November 2023.)
      • Article

      Impact-Weighted Financial Accounts: A Paradigm Shift

      By: Ethan Rouen and George Serafeim
      The last decade has seen an exponential increase in corporate sustainability activities and efforts by investors to use these activities in their portfolio formation, valuation, and stewardship activities. This paper explains the need for a uniform strategy to measure... View Details
      Keywords: Impact-Weighted Accounts; ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) Performance; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Measurement and Metrics; Standards
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      Rouen, Ethan, and George Serafeim. "Impact-Weighted Financial Accounts: A Paradigm Shift." CESifo Forum 22, no. 3 (May 2021): 20–25.
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      Property Rights and Urban Form

      By: Simeon Djankov, Edward L. Glaeser, Valeria Perotti and Andrei Shleifer
      How do the different elements in the standard bundle of property rights, including those of possession and transfer, influence the shape of cities? This paper incorporates insecure property rights into a standard model of urban land prices and density, and makes... View Details
      Keywords: Property; Rights; City; Development Economics; Global Range
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      Djankov, Simeon, Edward L. Glaeser, Valeria Perotti, and Andrei Shleifer. "Property Rights and Urban Form." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 28793, May 2021.
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