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- All HBS Web
(4,417)
- People (2)
- News (711)
- Research (2,890)
- Events (11)
- Multimedia (33)
- Faculty Publications (2,058)
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- October 2014 (Revised April 2023)
- Case
Gilead: Hepatitis C Access Strategy (A)
By: V. Kasturi Rangan, Vikram Rangan and David E. Bloom
Gilead had come up with an innovative drug for Hepatitis C, which affected 180 million people worldwide. The drug was priced at $1,000 a pill for the US market. Gilead had to decide how to price and market the pill in developing countries that bore the brunt of the... View Details
Keywords: Healthcare; Pharmaceuticals; Pricing; Access To Care; Emerging Markets; Health Care and Treatment; Price; Strategy; Ethics; Health Industry; Pharmaceutical Industry
Rangan, V. Kasturi, Vikram Rangan, and David E. Bloom. "Gilead: Hepatitis C Access Strategy (A)." Harvard Business School Case 515-025, October 2014. (Revised April 2023.)
- 11 Aug 2008
- Research & Ideas
Strategy Execution and the Balanced Scorecard
services, others deliver complete solutions to their customer, and still others innovate with high-technology products. About the only common element all these diverse successful strategy implementers have... View Details
Keywords: by Martha Lagace
- 2002
- Other Unpublished Work
Clusters of Innovation Initiative: Pittsburgh
This regional report examines the composition and performance of the Pittsburgh regional economy, how industry clusters developed and innovation arose, how clusters affected the region's economic future, and how the region can establish a strategy and action program to... View Details
Porter, Michael E. "Clusters of Innovation Initiative: Pittsburgh." Council on Competitiveness, Washington, DC, April 2002. (Report.)
- 2001
- Other Unpublished Work
Clusters of Innovation Initiative: Atlanta-Columbus
This regional report examines the composition and performance of the Atlanta regional economy, how industry clusters developed and innovation arose, how clusters affected the region's economic future, and how the region can establish a strategy and action program to... View Details
Porter, Michael E. "Clusters of Innovation Initiative: Atlanta-Columbus." Council on Competitiveness, Washington, DC, December 2001. (Report.)
- April 2013
- Article
Business Model Innovation and Competitive Imitation: The Case of Sponsor-Based Business Models
By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell and Feng Zhu
This paper provides the first formal model of business model innovation. Our analysis focuses on sponsor-based business model innovations where a firm monetizes its product through sponsors rather than setting prices to its customer base. We analyze strategic... View Details
Keywords: Business Model Innovation; Imitation; Sponsor-based Business Model; Strategic Revelation; Strategic Concealment; Business Model; Innovation and Invention; Price; Competitive Strategy; Adoption; Value; Duopoly and Oligopoly; Product; Customers; Market Entry and Exit; Monopoly
Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, and Feng Zhu. "Business Model Innovation and Competitive Imitation: The Case of Sponsor-Based Business Models." Strategic Management Journal 34, no. 4 (April 2013): 464–482.
- 2008
- Simulation
Strategic Innovation Simulation: Back Bay Battery
By: Willy C. Shih and Clayton Christensen
This online simulation allows students to play the role of a business unit manager at Back Bay Battery Company who faces the dilemma of balancing a portfolio of investment strategies across products in the rechargeable battery space. Players have to manage R&D... View Details
Keywords: Competitive Strategy; Disruptive Innovation; Growth and Development Strategy; Innovation and Management; Investment; Product Development; Research and Development; Battery Industry
Shih, Willy C., and Clayton Christensen. "Strategic Innovation Simulation: Back Bay Battery." Simulation and Teaching Note. Watertown, MA: Harvard Business School Publishing, 2008. Electronic. (2656-HTM-ENG.)
- December 2016 (Revised April 2017)
- Case
BASF: Co-Creating Innovation (A)
By: V. Kasturi Rangan, Emilie Billaud and Vincent Dessain
In 2016, BASF's chief executive officer and chief technology officer reflected on the co-creation innovation program started almost 18 months ago as part of BASF's 150th anniversary celebration. Five hundred project ideas had been created, of which 100 had already... View Details
Keywords: Sustainability; Knowledge Sharing; Innovation Strategy; Innovation and Management; Chemicals; Environmental Sustainability; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Consumer Products Industry; Europe
Rangan, V. Kasturi, Emilie Billaud, and Vincent Dessain. "BASF: Co-Creating Innovation (A)." Harvard Business School Case 517-073, December 2016. (Revised April 2017.)
- January–February 2017
- Article
Africa's New Generation of Innovators
By: Clayton M. Christensen, Efosa Ojomo and Derek van Bever
With a young, urbanizing population, abundant natural resources, and a growing middle class, Africa seems to have all the ingredients necessary for huge growth. Nevertheless, a number of multinationals have recently left the continent, discouraged by widespread... View Details
Christensen, Clayton M., Efosa Ojomo, and Derek van Bever. "Africa's New Generation of Innovators." Harvard Business Review 95, no. 1 (January–February 2017): 129–136.
- August 1998 (Revised July 2002)
- Case
Innovation at 3M Corporation (A)
By: Stefan H. Thomke and Ashok Nimgade
Describes how 3M Corp. introduces and learns a new and innovative methodology called Lead User research to understand future customer and market needs. A team from 3M's Medical-Surgical Markets Division applies the Lead User methodology to the field of surgical... View Details
Keywords: Innovation and Management; Innovation Strategy; Managerial Roles; Marketing Strategy; Demand and Consumers; Market Timing; Product Development; Problems and Challenges; Business Strategy; Medical Devices and Supplies Industry
Thomke, Stefan H., and Ashok Nimgade. "Innovation at 3M Corporation (A)." Harvard Business School Case 699-012, August 1998. (Revised July 2002.)
- Teaching Interest
Field Course: Social Innovation Lab
Co-taugh with Prof. John Kim
This course provides students an opportunity to use the discipline of entrepreneurial... View Details
- January 2009 (Revised May 2009)
- Case
Innovation at Mahindra & Mahindra (A)
By: Stefan H. Thomke and Briana Doerr Luthra
Describes the Mahindra & Mahindra Group's approach to innovation. The Group is among the top industrial houses in India and its managing director Anand Mahindra has put innovation at the core of its growth strategy. Emphasis is placed on managing the balance between... View Details
Keywords: Innovation and Management; Growth and Development Strategy; Problems and Challenges; Marketing; Business Processes; Product; Innovation Strategy; Organizational Design; Demand and Consumers; Auto Industry; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; India
Thomke, Stefan H., and Briana Doerr Luthra. "Innovation at Mahindra & Mahindra (A)." Harvard Business School Case 609-065, January 2009. (Revised May 2009.)
- August 1, 2025
- Article
When to Innovate and When to Imitate
By: Felipe A. Csaszar, Rebecca Karp and Maria Roche
Innovation is often the gold standard for firms looking to grow profits and become leaders in their industries. But given the steep cost of failure, is a relentless pursuit of innovation always advisable? Or might there be some instances when imitation may be a better... View Details
Csaszar, Felipe A., Rebecca Karp, and Maria Roche. "When to Innovate and When to Imitate." Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (August 1, 2025).
- November–December 2024
- Article
Scaling Up Transformational Innovations
By: Peter Koen, Ananya Sheth, Mike DiPaola and Linda A. Hill
For large companies operating in mature sectors—such as Procter & Gamble in consumer goods, Apple in consumer electronics, and Adobe in cloud software—driving growth is a perennial challenge. Growth through acquisition is always an option, but companies often quickly... View Details
Keywords: Growth and Development Strategy; Leadership; Innovation Strategy; Consumer Products Industry
Koen, Peter, Ananya Sheth, Mike DiPaola, and Linda A. Hill. "Scaling Up Transformational Innovations." Harvard Business Review 102, no. 6 (November–December 2024): 78–85.
- November – December 2011
- Article
Modeling a Paradigm Shift: From Producer Innovation to User and Open Collaborative Innovation
By: Carliss Baldwin and Eric von Hippel
In this paper, we assess the economic viability of innovation by producers relative to two increasingly important alternative models: innovations by single-user individuals or firms and open collaborative innovation. We analyze the design costs and architectures and... View Details
Keywords: Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Design; Cost; Communication; Competition; Economy; Research; Policy; Practice
Baldwin, Carliss, and Eric von Hippel. "Modeling a Paradigm Shift: From Producer Innovation to User and Open Collaborative Innovation." Organization Science 22, no. 6 (November–December 2011): 1399–1417.
- February 1996 (Revised April 2004)
- Case
Eli Lilly and Company: Innovation in Diabetes Care
By: Clayton M. Christensen
Summarizes Eli Lilly's history of innovation in its business, describing how the dimensions along which innovations have been made in the industry have changed. Lilly's innovation strategy has been to pursue ever higher performance products, while others in the... View Details
Keywords: Change; Product; Service Delivery; Product Development; Innovation and Management; Innovation Strategy; Health Care and Treatment; Pharmaceutical Industry
Christensen, Clayton M. "Eli Lilly and Company: Innovation in Diabetes Care." Harvard Business School Case 696-077, February 1996. (Revised April 2004.)
- 2016
- Working Paper
Innovation Adoption and Organizational Identity: Identity Dynamism as a Strategic Resource for Top Management Team Decision Making
By: Ryan Raffaelli, Mary Ann Glynn and Michael Tushman
Organizations continuously face decisions about whether to adopt radical innovations. We examine the relationship between innovation adoption and identity, linking identity with firm strategy to explain innovation adoption over time. We conceptualize identity as... View Details
- June 2011 (Revised May 2012)
- Case
Nestlé SA: Nutrition, Health and Wellness Strategy
By: Rebecca M. Henderson and Ryan Johnson
In 1997 Nestlé committed to a strategic vision of becoming the leading nutrition, health and wellness (NHW) company in the world. Over the next 13 years, the NHW strategy guided strategic decisions and choices at Nestlé including merger and acquisition choices,... View Details
Keywords: Nutrition; Health; Growth and Development Strategy; Decision Choices and Conditions; Goals and Objectives; Value Creation; Food and Beverage Industry
Henderson, Rebecca M., and Ryan Johnson. "Nestlé SA: Nutrition, Health and Wellness Strategy." Harvard Business School Case 311-119, June 2011. (Revised May 2012.)
- October 2016 (Revised November 2016)
- Case
Innovating Beyond Ochsner
By: Richard G. Hamermesh and Olivia Hull
The Ochsner Health System has developed a proprietary software tool designed to treat hypertension. Built into the system’s electronic medical records, the Hypertension Digital Medicine program allows patients to record their blood pressure at home and share readings... View Details
Keywords: Electronic Medical Records; Telemedicine; Hypertension; High Blood Pressure; Chronic Disease; Entrepreneurship; Health Disorders; Business Model; Business Startups; Innovation and Invention; Growth Management; Marketing Strategy; Product Launch; Product Positioning; Science-Based Business; Business Strategy; Health Industry; Technology Industry; New Orleans; Louisiana
Hamermesh, Richard G., and Olivia Hull. "Innovating Beyond Ochsner." Harvard Business School Case 817-028, October 2016. (Revised November 2016.)
- January 2009 (Revised February 2009)
- Case
Pitney Bowes: Employer Health Strategy
By: Michael E. Porter and Jennifer F Baron
Pitney Bowes, a Fortune 500 mail and document management firm, offered its first health plans in the years following World War II. Over the ensuing decades, Pitney Bowes adapted its approach to employee health amid rising health care costs, shifting employer attitudes... View Details
Keywords: Cost; Insurance; Policy; Health Care and Treatment; Compensation and Benefits; Employees; Corporate Strategy
Porter, Michael E., and Jennifer F Baron. "Pitney Bowes: Employer Health Strategy." Harvard Business School Case 709-458, January 2009. (Revised February 2009.)