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    • All HBS Web  (1,459)
      • Faculty Publications  (244)

      Economic MeasurementRemove Economic Measurement →

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      • 29 Oct 2015
      • Other Presentation

      Social Progress: The Next Development Agenda (Video)

      By: Michael E. Porter and Scott Stern
      How do we measure development? The Social Progress Index was launched in 2013 as a holistic approach to benchmarking countries' social performance, independent of economic measures. SPI has been widely taken up on a global basis in evaluating national performance, and... View Details
      Keywords: Economic Development; Development Economics; Society; United States
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      Porter, Michael E., and Scott Stern. "Social Progress: The Next Development Agenda (Video)." DEC Lecture Series Series, World Bank, Economic Development Institute, Washington, D.C., United States, October 29, 2015.
      • 2015
      • Working Paper

      Do People Shape Cities, or Do Cities Shape People? The Co-evolution of Physical, Social, and Economic Change in Five Major U.S. Cities

      By: Nikhil Naik, Scott Duke Kominers, Ramesh Raskar, Edward L. Glaeser and Cesar Hidalgo
      Urban change involves transformations in the physical appearance and the social composition of neighborhoods. Yet, the relationship between the physical and social components of urban change is not well understood due to the lack of comprehensive measures of... View Details
      Keywords: Demographics; Urban Development; Change; Economics
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      Naik, Nikhil, Scott Duke Kominers, Ramesh Raskar, Edward L. Glaeser, and Cesar Hidalgo. "Do People Shape Cities, or Do Cities Shape People? The Co-evolution of Physical, Social, and Economic Change in Five Major U.S. Cities." Working Paper.
      • June 2015 (Revised January 2017)
      • Case

      Greece's Debt: Sustainable?

      By: George Serafeim
      The case "Greece's Debt: Sustainable?" describes the Greek economic crisis, bailout from the European Union and the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and the debt restructuring that followed. Because of a lack of trust in Greece's ability to repay its debt, two... View Details
      Keywords: Debt Crisis; Accounting; Debt Sustainability; Austerity; Solvency Opinions; Borrowing and Debt; Restructuring; Valuation; Accrual Accounting; Fair Value Accounting; Economy; Greece
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      Serafeim, George. "Greece's Debt: Sustainable?" Harvard Business School Case 115-063, June 2015. (Revised January 2017.)
      • Article

      Formal Measures in Informal Management: Can a Balanced Scorecard Change a Culture?

      By: Robert Gibbons and Robert S. Kaplan
      Agency theorists, historically, have analyzed what kinds of performance measures should be used in formal incentive contracts. For example, after Kaplan-Norton proposed a balanced scorecard of both financial and non-financial measures, some envisioned its role only in... View Details
      Keywords: Relational Contracts; Performance Measurement; Informal Management; Balanced Scorecard; Economics; Mathematical Methods
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      Gibbons, Robert, and Robert S. Kaplan. "Formal Measures in Informal Management: Can a Balanced Scorecard Change a Culture?" American Economic Review: Papers and Proceedings 105, no. 5 (May 2015).
      • Article

      De Gustibus non est Taxandum: Heterogeneity in Preferences and Optimal Redistribution

      By: Benjamin B Lockwood and Matthew Weinzierl
      The prominent but unproven intuition that preference heterogeneity reduces redistribution in a standard optimal tax model is shown to hold under the plausible condition that the distribution of preferences for consumption relative to leisure rises, in terms of... View Details
      Keywords: Motivation and Incentives; Income; Decision Choices and Conditions; Consumer Behavior; Taxation; Microeconomics; Macroeconomics
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      Lockwood, Benjamin B., and Matthew Weinzierl. "De Gustibus non est Taxandum: Heterogeneity in Preferences and Optimal Redistribution." Journal of Public Economics 124 (April 2015): 74–80. (Also NBER Working Paper Series, No. 17784, September 2014 and Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 12-063, January 2012.)
      • March 2015 (Revised February 2017)
      • Case

      Shanghai: GDP Apostasy

      By: George Serafeim
      Balancing economic growth alongside environmental sustainability and social inclusion was becoming increasingly important in China. The case describes Shanghai's decision to abandon growth of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as its primary metric of measuring success.... View Details
      Keywords: China; Gdp; Measurement; Measurement Problems; Accountability; Sustainability; Sustainable Development; Strategy Execution; Strategy; Balanced Scorecard; Strategy Map; Macroeconomics; Measurement and Metrics; Corporate Accountability; Accounting; Environmental Sustainability; Development Economics; Corporate Governance; Shanghai
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      Serafeim, George, Rebecca Henderson, and David Freiberg. "Shanghai: GDP Apostasy." Harvard Business School Case 115-042, March 2015. (Revised February 2017.)
      • January 2015 (Revised July 2019)
      • Case

      CVS Health: Promoting Drug Adherence

      By: Leslie John, John Quelch and Robert Huckman
      Email mking@hbs.edu for a courtesy copy.

      The case describes a program that CVS Health recently implemented to improve medication adherence, an important problem from a societal, public policy, and firm... View Details
      Keywords: Medication Adherence; Affordable Care Act (ACA); Marketing Strategy; Communication Strategy; Customer Value and Value Chain; Decisions; Health Care and Treatment; Goals and Objectives; Resource Allocation; Marketing Communications; Consumer Behavior; Measurement and Metrics; Service Delivery; Behavior; Motivation and Incentives; Social Issues; Information Technology; Value Creation; Health Industry; Pharmaceutical Industry; Insurance Industry; Public Relations Industry; Retail Industry; United States
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      John, Leslie, John Quelch, and Robert Huckman. "CVS Health: Promoting Drug Adherence." Harvard Business School Case 515-010, January 2015. (Revised July 2019.) (Email mking@hbs.edu for a courtesy copy.)
      • 2015
      • Case

      Fine Harvest Restaurant Group (cases A and B)

      By: Clara (Xiaoling) Chen, Kenneth A. Merchant, Tatiana Sandino and Wim A. Van der Stede
      The Fine Harvest Restaurant Group cases A and B examine a company's design of a new system to evaluate the performance (and determine the bonuses) for its restaurant managers. Fine Harvest had traditionally evaluated restaurant managers based on store margins and had... View Details
      Keywords: Incentive Systems; Relative Performance Evaluation; Restaurant Industry; Accounting; Economics; Human Resources; Measurement and Metrics; Labor; Performance; Salesforce Management; Retail Industry; North and Central America
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      Chen, Clara (Xiaoling), Kenneth A. Merchant, Tatiana Sandino, and Wim A. Van der Stede. "Fine Harvest Restaurant Group (cases A and B)." University of Southern California, Marshall School of Business Case, 2015.
      • 2015
      • Working Paper

      Client Service, Compensation, and the Sell-Side Analyst Objective Function: An Empirical Analysis of Relational Incentives in the Investment-Research Industry

      By: David A. Maber, Boris Groysberg and Paul M. Healy
      This paper investigates how sell-side analysts build and sustain their client networks; the economic gains to successfully managing this challenge; and the metrics through which these incentives are delivered. In a typical semiannual period, the average analyst... View Details
      Keywords: Networks; Measurement and Metrics; Operations; Customer Focus and Relationships; Jobs and Positions
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      Maber, David A., Boris Groysberg, and Paul M. Healy. "Client Service, Compensation, and the Sell-Side Analyst Objective Function: An Empirical Analysis of Relational Incentives in the Investment-Research Industry." Working Paper, 2015.
      • October 2014
      • Supplement

      Honeywell and the Great Recession: The Economic Recovery (B)

      By: Sandra J. Sucher and Susan J. Winterberg
      Five years after the Great Recession, Honeywell's CEO Dave Cote and his executive team reflect on the choices they made to manage costs and earnings forecasts during that uncertain time. They discuss which cost cutting measures they decided to take and their personal... View Details
      Keywords: Layoffs; Furloughs; Downsizing; Work Sharing; Short Time Work; Recessions; Earnings Forecast; Job Cuts and Outsourcing; Cost Management; Executive Compensation; Crisis Management; Financial Crisis; Manufacturing Industry
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      Sucher, Sandra J., and Susan J. Winterberg. "Honeywell and the Great Recession: The Economic Recovery (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 315-023, October 2014.
      • October 2014
      • Article

      Sovereigns, Upstream Capital Flows and Global Imbalances

      By: Laura Alfaro, Sebnem Kalemli-Ozcan and Vadym Volosovych
      We construct measures of net private and public capital flows for a large cross-section of developing countries considering both creditor and debtor side of the international debt transactions. Using these measures, we demonstrate that sovereign-to-sovereign... View Details
      Keywords: Current Account; Aid/government Debt; Reserves; Puzzles; Productivity; Sovereign Finance; Developing Countries and Economies; Macroeconomics
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      Alfaro, Laura, Sebnem Kalemli-Ozcan, and Vadym Volosovych. "Sovereigns, Upstream Capital Flows and Global Imbalances." Journal of the European Economic Association 12, no. 5 (October 2014): 1240–1284. (Also NBER Working Paper 17396. Online Appendix. See International capital flows database for the data on measures of net private and public capital flows for a large cross-section of developing countries.)
      • 2014
      • Chapter

      Business History and the Impact of MNEs on Host Economies

      By: Geoffrey Jones
      Business history has long been recognized as providing an important dimension in international business studies. Much of this historical work has focused on mapping historical growth patterns of multinationals and exploring the determinants of their growth. However,... View Details
      Keywords: Multinational; International Business; Business History; Culture; Globalization; History; Africa; Asia; Europe; Latin America; North and Central America
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      Jones, Geoffrey. "Business History and the Impact of MNEs on Host Economies." In Multidisciplinary Insights from New AIB Fellows. Vol. 16, edited by Jean J. Boddewyn, 177–198. Research in Global Strategic Management. Bingley, UK: Emerald Group Publishing, 2014.
      • 2014
      • Teaching Note

      Fine Harvest Restaurant Group

      By: Clara X. Chen, Kenneth A. Merchant, Tatiana Sandino and Wim Van der Stede
      The Fine Harvest Restaurant Group cases A and B examine a company's design of a new system to evaluate the performance (and determine the bonuses) for its restaurant managers. Fine Harvest had traditionally evaluated restaurant managers based on store margins and had... View Details
      Keywords: Incentive Systems; Relative Performance Evaluation; Restaurant Industry; Accounting; Economics; Human Resources; Measurement and Metrics; Labor; Performance; Salesforce Management; Retail Industry; North and Central America
      Citation
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      Chen, Clara X., Kenneth A. Merchant, Tatiana Sandino, and Wim Van der Stede. "Fine Harvest Restaurant Group." University of Southern California, Marshall School of Business Teaching Note, 2014.
      • July 2014
      • Article

      Smart Money? The Effect of Education on Financial Outcomes

      By: Shawn A. Cole, Anna Paulson and Gauri Kartini Shastry
      Household financial decisions are important for household welfare, economic growth and financial stability. Yet, our understanding of the determinants of financial decision-making is limited. Exploiting exogenous variation in state compulsory schooling laws in both... View Details
      Keywords: Personal Finance; Investment; Decisions; Behavior; Financial Condition
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      Cole, Shawn A., Anna Paulson, and Gauri Kartini Shastry. "Smart Money? The Effect of Education on Financial Outcomes." Review of Financial Studies 27, no. 7 (July 2014): 2022–2051.
      • May 2014
      • Article

      Digital Dark Matter and the Economic Contribution of Apache

      By: Shane Greenstein and Frank Nagle
      Researchers have long hypothesized that research outputs from government, university, and private company R&D contribute to economic growth, but these contributions may be difficult to measure when they take a non-pecuniary form. The growth of networking devices and... View Details
      Keywords: Open Source; Apache; Economic Measurement; Digital Economics; Measurement and Metrics; Open Source Distribution; Internet and the Web; Information Technology; Applications and Software; Economic Growth; Research and Development; Web Services Industry; Information Technology Industry; United States
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      Greenstein, Shane, and Frank Nagle. "Digital Dark Matter and the Economic Contribution of Apache." Research Policy 43, no. 4 (May 2014): 623–631. (Lead Article.)
      • May 2014
      • Case

      Goldman Sachs: Anchoring Standards After the Financial Crisis

      By: Rajiv Lal and Lisa Mazzanti
      Goldman Sachs, a longtime venerable financial institution headquartered in New York City, had a partnership culture that was known to value its clients. But when the financial crisis hit in 2008 and Goldman Sachs emerged relatively unscathed, its public image took a... View Details
      Keywords: Brand Management; Public Image; Corporate Accountability; Reputation; Standards; Financial Crisis; Brands and Branding; Banking Industry; Financial Services Industry
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      Lal, Rajiv, and Lisa Mazzanti. "Goldman Sachs: Anchoring Standards After the Financial Crisis." Harvard Business School Case 514-020, May 2014.
      • May 2014
      • Article

      Representative Evidence on Lying Costs

      By: Johannes Abeler, Anke Becker and Armin Falk
      A central assumption in economics is that people misreport their private information if this is to their material benefit. Several recent models depart from this assumption and posit that some people do not lie or at least do not lie maximally. These models invoke many... View Details
      Keywords: Private Information; Lying Costs; Tax Morale; Representative Experiment; Information; Microeconomics; Taxation; Behavior
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      Abeler, Johannes, Anke Becker, and Armin Falk. "Representative Evidence on Lying Costs." Journal of Public Economics 113 (May 2014): 96–104.
      • March 2014
      • Article

      Cyclicality of Credit Supply: Firm Level Evidence

      By: Bo Becker and Victoria Ivashina
      Theory predicts that there is a close link between bank credit supply and the evolution of the business cycle. Yet fluctuations in bank-loan supply have been hard to quantify in the time series. While loan issuance falls in recessions, it is not clear if this is due to... View Details
      Keywords: Business Cycles; Borrowing and Debt; Credit; Banks and Banking; Bonds; Financial Markets; Financing and Loans; Banking Industry
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      Becker, Bo, and Victoria Ivashina. "Cyclicality of Credit Supply: Firm Level Evidence." Journal of Monetary Economics 62 (March 2014): 76–93.
      • January 12, 2014
      • Other Article

      Better Measuring a Country: GDP Is Not the Best Way to Quantify National Success

      By: Michael E. Porter
      Keywords: Economics; Growth and Development
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      Porter, Michael E. "Better Measuring a Country: GDP Is Not the Best Way to Quantify National Success." Boston Globe (January 12, 2014).
      • 2013
      • Chapter

      Growth and the Quality of Foreign Direct Investment: Is All FDI Equal?

      By: Laura Alfaro and Andrew Charlton
      In this paper we distinguish different "qualities" of FDI to re-examine the relationship between FDI and growth. We use "quality" to mean the effect of a unit of FDI on economic growth. However, this is difficult to establish because it is a function of many different... View Details
      Keywords: Quality; Economic Growth; Foreign Direct Investment
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      Alfaro, Laura, and Andrew Charlton. "Growth and the Quality of Foreign Direct Investment: Is All FDI Equal?" In The Industrial Policy Revolution I: The Role of Government Beyond Ideology. no. 151-1, edited by Joseph E. Stiglitz and Justin Lin Yifu. IEA Conference Volume. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013.
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