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      • October 19, 2021
      • Article

      The Facebook Trap

      By: Andy Wu
      Facebook has a clear mission: Connect everyone in the world. Clarity is good, but in Facebook’s case, it has also put the company in a bind because the mission—and the company’s vision for creating value through network effects—has also become the source of its biggest... View Details
      Keywords: Business And Society; Mission and Purpose; Network Effects; Value Creation; Corporate Accountability; Strategy
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      Wu, Andy. "The Facebook Trap." Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (October 19, 2021).
      • October 2021 (Revised February 2023)
      • Case

      Ant Group (A)

      By: Krishna G. Palepu, Feng Zhu, Susie L. Ma and Kerry Herman
      In 2004, Chinese e-commerce company Alibaba created Alipay, an app to facilitate payments on its e-commerce sites. As Alibaba grew, so did Alipay, until Alipay spawned its own ecosystem of financial technology products and services under the name of Ant Group. By 2020,... View Details
      Keywords: Payment Systems; Information Technology; Value Creation; Network Effects; Strategy; Disruptive Innovation; Initial Public Offering; Technology Industry; Financial Services Industry; China
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      Palepu, Krishna G., Feng Zhu, Susie L. Ma, and Kerry Herman. "Ant Group (A)." Harvard Business School Case 122-003, October 2021. (Revised February 2023.)
      • September 2021 (Revised October 2022)
      • Supplement

      Hester Pharmaceuticals (B): Securing Supply

      By: Dante Roscini and John Masko
      Supplements the (A) case. In late 2020, demand for Hester Pharmaceutical’s (Hester’s) breakthrough oncology drug Akrozumab was outstripping the company’s most optimistic projections. In order to increase manufacturing capacity and meet the demand, Hester was... View Details
      Keywords: COVID-19 Pandemic; Cost vs Benefits; Trade; Supply Chain; Global Strategy; Buildings and Facilities; Operations; Health Care and Treatment; Demand and Consumers; Global Range; Globalized Markets and Industries; Pharmaceutical Industry; Italy; China; United States; Germany
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      Roscini, Dante, and John Masko. "Hester Pharmaceuticals (B): Securing Supply." Harvard Business School Supplement 722-009, September 2021. (Revised October 2022.)
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      Saving for a Dry Day: Coal, Dams, and the Energy Transition

      By: Michele Fioretti and Jorge Tamayo
      Renewable generation creates a tradeoff between current and future energy production as generators produce energy by releasing previously stored resources. Studying the Colombian market, we find that diversified firms strategically substitute fossil fuels for... View Details
      Keywords: Energy Generation; Renewable Energy; Production; Green Technology Industry; Energy Industry; Colombia
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      Fioretti, Michele, and Jorge Tamayo. "Saving for a Dry Day: Coal, Dams, and the Energy Transition." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-016, August 2021.
      • August 2021 (Revised November 2021)
      • Case

      The NCB Capital Turnaround: Waking the Sleeping Giant

      By: Sandra J. Sucher, Gamze Yucaoglu, Shalene Gupta and Fares Khrais
      The case opens in 2019, five years after, Sarah Al Suhaimi, CEO of NCB Capital (NCBC), the investment arm of Saudi’s largest bank, NCB, took the helm. Having successfully turned the business to make it the market leader, she was contemplating her next steps as... View Details
      Keywords: Turnaround; Investment Banking; Financial Institutions; Change Management; Leadership; Business Model; Strategy; Business and Stakeholder Relations; Management Teams; Asset Management; Growth and Development Strategy; Saudi Arabia
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      Sucher, Sandra J., Gamze Yucaoglu, Shalene Gupta, and Fares Khrais. "The NCB Capital Turnaround: Waking the Sleeping Giant." Harvard Business School Case 322-043, August 2021. (Revised November 2021.)
      • August 2021 (Revised March 2023)
      • Technical Note

      Crossing Borders and Cultures: Global Branding

      By: Jill Avery and Michael Moynihan
      Many of the world's most valuable brands are global in scope. They benefit from shared meanings, systems, and stories across markets, and much of their allure for consumers lies in their "global-ness." Creating value from global brands requires successfully managing... View Details
      Keywords: Global Branding; Marketing; Brands and Branding; Globalized Markets and Industries; Supply and Industry; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Value Creation
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      Avery, Jill, and Michael Moynihan. "Crossing Borders and Cultures: Global Branding." Harvard Business School Technical Note 522-032, August 2021. (Revised March 2023.)
      • August 2021 (Revised March 2022)
      • Case

      Camera IQ and the Metaverse: Building Augmented Reality Brand Experiences

      By: Jill Avery and Rayan Nahas
      Camera IQ, a camera marketing software company that empowered brands to create and launch augmented reality experiences (AREs) across social platforms, had just raised an additional $5 million to fund further product development and expand its marketing and sales... View Details
      Keywords: Brand Management; Virtual Reality; Augmented Reality; B2B; Technology Platform; Marketing; Marketing Communications; Marketing Strategy; Brands and Branding; Digital Marketing; Internet and the Web; Growth Management; Customer Relationship Management; Customer Value and Value Chain; Social Media; E-commerce; Applications and Software; Digital Platforms; Advertising Industry; United States
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      Avery, Jill, and Rayan Nahas. "Camera IQ and the Metaverse: Building Augmented Reality Brand Experiences." Harvard Business School Case 522-002, August 2021. (Revised March 2022.)
      • 2021
      • Book

      The Power of Trust: How Companies Build It, Lose It, Regain It

      By: Sandra J. Sucher and Shalene Gupta
      Trust is the most powerful force underlying the success of every business. Yet it can be shattered in an instant, with a devastating impact on a company’s market cap and reputation. How to build and sustain trust requires fresh insight into why customers, employees,... View Details
      Keywords: Power; Corporate Culture; Future Of Work; Innovation; Technology Strategy; Automation; Stakeholder Engagement; Employee Attitude; Customer Behavior; Shareholder Value; Government And Business; Impact Investing; Corporate Change And Sustainability; Trust; Power and Influence; Globalization; Leadership; Organizational Culture; Innovation and Invention; Human Resources; Information Technology; Strategy; Corporate Accountability; Asia; Europe; South America; Middle East; North and Central America
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      Sucher, Sandra J., and Shalene Gupta. The Power of Trust: How Companies Build It, Lose It, Regain It. New York: PublicAffairs, 2021.
      • July 2021 (Revised October 2021)
      • Case

      Allianz Customer Centricity: Is Simplicity the Way Forward?

      By: Eva Ascarza and Emilie Billaud
      This case explores the tradeoffs between product personalization and simplicity as companies grow. The case presents an opportunity to understand whether and how each of these approaches enables and/or limits companies’ abilities to provide customer satisfaction while... View Details
      Keywords: Simplicity; Customer Focus and Relationships; Customization and Personalization; Customer Satisfaction; Performance Efficiency; Strategy; Insurance Industry; Europe; Germany
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      Ascarza, Eva, and Emilie Billaud. "Allianz Customer Centricity: Is Simplicity the Way Forward?" Harvard Business School Case 522-008, July 2021. (Revised October 2021.)
      • Summer 2021
      • Article

      The Cost and Evolution of Quality at Cipla Ltd, 1935–2016

      By: Muhammad H. Zaman and Tarun Khanna
      This article examines the evolution of Indian pharmaceutical manufacturer Cipla towards producing drugs that met the quality standards of European and U.S. regulators. It employs new research in Cipla’s corporate archives, the Creating Emerging Markets database, and... View Details
      Keywords: Cipla; Pharmaceuticals; Drug Quality; Generics; Quality; Standards; Information Technology; Cost; Organizational Culture; Business History; Pharmaceutical Industry; India
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      Zaman, Muhammad H., and Tarun Khanna. "The Cost and Evolution of Quality at Cipla Ltd, 1935–2016." Business History Review 95, no. 2 (Summer 2021): 249–274.
      • May 24, 2021
      • Article

      What Makes an Online Marketplace Disruptive?

      By: Clifford Maxwell and Scott Duke Kominers
      Platforms like Airbnb, eBay, and Angie’s List have changed how markets work. But while many are innovative and make life easier for consumers, which are truly disruptive? Hewing to Clay Christensen’s theory of disruption, platforms—which operate as online... View Details
      Keywords: Digital Platforms; Disruption; Framework
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      Maxwell, Clifford, and Scott Duke Kominers. "What Makes an Online Marketplace Disruptive?" Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (May 24, 2021).
      • May 2021 (Revised February 2024)
      • Teaching Note

      THE YES: Reimagining the Future of E-Commerce with Artificial Intelligence (AI)

      By: Ayelet Israeli and Jill Avery
      THE YES, a multi-brand shopping app launched in May 2020 offered a new type of buying experience for women’s fashion, driven by a sophisticated algorithm that used data science and machine learning to create and deliver a personalized store for every shopper, based on... View Details
      Keywords: Data; Data Analytics; Artificial Intelligence; AI; AI Algorithms; AI Creativity; Fashion; Retail; Retail Analytics; E-Commerce Strategy; Platform; Platforms; Big Data; Preference Elicitation; Predictive Analytics; App Development; "Marketing Analytics"; Advertising; Mobile App; Mobile Marketing; Apparel; Online Advertising; Referral Rewards; Referrals; Female Ceo; Female Entrepreneur; Female Protagonist; Analytics and Data Science; Analysis; Creativity; Marketing Strategy; Brands and Branding; Consumer Behavior; Demand and Consumers; Forecasting and Prediction; Marketing Channels; Digital Marketing; Internet and the Web; Mobile and Wireless Technology; AI and Machine Learning; E-commerce; Digital Platforms; Fashion Industry; Retail Industry; Apparel and Accessories Industry; Consumer Products Industry; United States
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      Israeli, Ayelet, and Jill Avery. "THE YES: Reimagining the Future of E-Commerce with Artificial Intelligence (AI)." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 521-097, May 2021. (Revised February 2024.)
      • May 2021 (Revised May 2022)
      • Case

      Headspace vs. Calm: A Mindful Competition

      By: Ayelet Israeli and Anne Wilson
      By 2021, the mindfulness app wars reached their apex. Over 2,000 meditation apps were available to consumers, but two apps, Headspace and Calm, dominated the space, jointly holding about 70% of the total market. Headspace had established itself as the approachable... View Details
      Keywords: Marketing Communication; Integrated Strategy; Brand; Brand & Product Management; Brand Communication; Brand Differentiation; Brand Building; Brand Management; E-Commerce Strategy; Ecommerce; App; App Development; Applications; COVID; COVID-19; Pandemic; Pricing; Pricing Strategy; Subscription Model; Subscription; Partnerships; Strategic Partnerships; B2B Vs. B2C; B2B; Health & Wellness; Wellbeing; Digitization; Commoditization; Mobile App; Mobile App Industry; Mobile Healthcare; Mobile Marketing; Digital Brand; Digital Health; Consumer Health; Apps; Online Business; Online Competition; Online Community; Online Entertainment; Entertainment And Leisure; Meditation; Marketing; Marketing Communications; Brands and Branding; Price; Strategy; Competition; Competitive Strategy; Competitive Advantage; Partners and Partnerships; Health; Well-being; Mobile and Wireless Technology; Communication; Communication Strategy; Disruption; Consumer Behavior; Digital Marketing; E-commerce; Applications and Software; Health Industry; Technology Industry; Communications Industry; United States; North America; United Kingdom
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      Israeli, Ayelet, and Anne Wilson. "Headspace vs. Calm: A Mindful Competition." Harvard Business School Case 521-102, May 2021. (Revised May 2022.)
      • April 2021
      • Exercise

      Valuing Employment Exercise

      By: George Serafeim, Ethan Rouen and Katie Panella
      The Valuing Employment exercise can be used to show the importance of impact measurement in designing incentives and contracts. The exercise has two phases. In the first phase, participants play the role of managers at the State of Massachusetts Infrastructure... View Details
      Keywords: Bid Evaluation; Workforce; Impact Measurement; Bids and Bidding; Contracts; Design; Measurement and Metrics
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      Serafeim, George, Ethan Rouen, and Katie Panella. "Valuing Employment Exercise." Harvard Business School Exercise 121-086, April 2021.
      • April 2021 (Revised April 2021)
      • Teaching Plan

      Nehemiah Mfg. Co.: Providing a Second Chance

      By: Brian Trelstad and John Masko
      Teaching Plan for HBS Case No. 320-008. In 2009, Dan Meyer and Richard Palmer, two veterans of the fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) industry, founded Nehemiah Manufacturing to build FMCG brands while providing jobs to Cincinnati, Ohio’s beleaguered urban core. Two... View Details
      Keywords: Social Entrepreneurship; Retention; Selection and Staffing; Employment; Human Capital; Growth Management; Brands and Branding; Social Marketing; Mission and Purpose; Prejudice and Bias; City; Urban Scope; Consumer Products Industry; Manufacturing Industry; Ohio; United States
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      Trelstad, Brian, and John Masko. "Nehemiah Mfg. Co.: Providing a Second Chance." Harvard Business School Teaching Plan 321-133, April 2021. (Revised April 2021.)
      • April 2021 (Revised July 2021)
      • Case

      StockX: The Stock Market of Things (Abridged)

      By: Chiara Farronato, John J. Horton, Annelena Lobb and Julia Kelley
      Founded in 2015 by Dan Gilbert, Josh Luber, and Greg Schwartz, StockX was an online platform where users could buy and sell unworn luxury and limited-edition sneakers. Sneaker resale prices often fluctuated over time based on supply and demand, creating a robust... View Details
      Keywords: Markets; Auctions; Bids and Bidding; Demand and Consumers; Consumer Behavior; Analytics and Data Science; Market Design; Digital Platforms; Market Transactions; Marketplace Matching; Supply and Industry; Analysis; Price; Product Marketing; Product Launch; Apparel and Accessories Industry; Fashion Industry; North and Central America; United States; Michigan; Detroit
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      Farronato, Chiara, John J. Horton, Annelena Lobb, and Julia Kelley. "StockX: The Stock Market of Things (Abridged)." Harvard Business School Case 621-107, April 2021. (Revised July 2021.)
      • March 2021
      • Case

      Astralis Group: Determining a Brand Strategy

      By: Benjamin C. Esty, Mette Fuglsang Hjortshoej and Emilie Billaud
      After launching a Danish esports company in July 2019, and going public in December 2019 with multiple brands associated with different games, the Astralis leadership team was contemplating a shift to a single, corporate brand. While the original arguments for... View Details
      Keywords: Brand Strategy; Esports; Video Games; Corporate Scope; Positioning; Ecosystem; Brands and Branding; Strategy; Business Ventures; Business Startups; Entrepreneurship; Ethics; Sports; Competitive Strategy; Value Creation; Diversification; Games, Gaming, and Gambling; Sports Industry; Entertainment and Recreation Industry; Denmark; Europe
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      Esty, Benjamin C., Mette Fuglsang Hjortshoej, and Emilie Billaud. "Astralis Group: Determining a Brand Strategy." Harvard Business School Case 721-382, March 2021.
      • March 2021 (Revised August 2022)
      • Case

      Seeding and Selling Asana

      By: Jeffrey F. Rayport, Susie Ma and Amram Migdal
      In December 2019, Oliver Jay, Asana’s Chief Revenue Officer (CRO), was reconsidering his go-to-market (GTM) strategy. Asana was cloud-based work management software that enabled users to break up projects into discrete tasks that could be assigned, scheduled, and... View Details
      Keywords: SaaS; Customer Journey; Business Model; Business Organization; Change Management; Growth and Development Strategy; Growth Management; Marketing Channels; Marketing Strategy; Product Marketing; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Organizational Design; Organizational Structure; Digital Platforms; Internet and the Web; Technology Industry; United States
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      Rayport, Jeffrey F., Susie Ma, and Amram Migdal. "Seeding and Selling Asana." Harvard Business School Case 821-054, March 2021. (Revised August 2022.)
      • March 9, 2021
      • Article

      Addressing Consolidation in Health Care Markets

      By: Leemore S. Dafny
      This Viewpoint proposes three steps the Biden administration can take to slow consolidation within health care, which has been shown to raise costs without improving service or quality: better fund federal antitrust enforcement agencies; appoint agency heads committed... View Details
      Keywords: Antitrust Issues And Policies; Health Care and Treatment; Markets; Consolidation; Competition; Government Administration
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      Dafny, Leemore S. "Addressing Consolidation in Health Care Markets." JAMA, the Journal of the American Medical Association 325, no. 10 (March 9, 2021): 927–928.
      • March 2021 (Revised March 2024)
      • Case

      M-KOPA: Empowering Lives

      By: V. Kasturi Rangan, Wale Lawal and Pippa Tubman Armerding
      The Pay As You Go solar power company in East Africa had sales of $71 million in 2019. It wished to grow to $300 million by 2025. M-KOPA, founded by three entrepreneurs in 2011, had grown nicely in Kenya and Uganda to reach nearly 750,000 households with an innovative... View Details
      Keywords: Mobile Payment; Go-to-market Strategy; Business At The Base Of The Pyramid; Business Growth; Social Entrepreneurship; Renewable Energy; Business Model; Growth and Development Strategy; Expansion; Marketing Strategy; Developing Countries and Economies; Kenya; Uganda; Nigeria
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      Rangan, V. Kasturi, Wale Lawal, and Pippa Tubman Armerding. "M-KOPA: Empowering Lives." Harvard Business School Case 521-085, March 2021. (Revised March 2024.)
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