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  • June 2015 (Revised September 2017)
  • Supplement

Generating Higher Value at IBM

By: Benjamin C. Esty and Scott Mayfield
This case analyzes IBM's financial performance and its capital allocation decisions over a 10-year period from 2004-2013, during which IBM returned more than $140B to shareholders through a combination of dividends and share repurchases. During this time, CEO Sam... View Details
Keywords: Dividends; Share Repurchases; Earnings Guidance; Financial Statement Analysis; Financial Ratios; Payout Policy; Earnings Per Share (EPS); Earnings Management; Change Management; Leadership; Transformation; Financial Strategy
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  • August 2011 (Revised November 2011)
  • Case

The U.S. Military Academy at West Point

By: Anat Keinan
The case examines an iconic institution's decision on whether or not to undertake a branding initiative. Founded in 1802, West Point has played a key role in America's history. It is one of the nation's oldest institutions of higher learning and is well known for... View Details
Keywords: Surveys; Resource Allocation; Brands and Branding; Business and Stakeholder Relations; Competitive Strategy; Education Industry; United States
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  • October 2024
  • Case

Parexel: Scaling Up and Industry Dynamics

By: Regina E. Herzlinger and Ben Creo
Through the lens of biopharmaceutical contract research organization (CRO) PAREXEL, this case traces the evolution of the firm as it reinvents itself in response to the transformation of the CRO sector from a small, secondary cluster of firms into a major player with... View Details
Keywords: Research; Innovation and Invention; Business Model; Transformation; Globalization; Information Technology; Competitive Advantage; Pharmaceutical Industry
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  • November 2013 (Revised December 2013)
  • Case

Endeavor: Miami Heats Up

By: William A. Sahlman, Ramana Nanda, David Lane and Lisa Mazzanti
Endeavor Global was a nonprofit that for 15 years had worked to nurture entrepreneurship in emerging markets by selecting local high-impact entrepreneurs for mentoring and aid in scaling up their businesses from committed local business leaders. In summer 2012,... View Details
Keywords: Social Enterprise; Entrepreneurs; Scaling; Emerging Market Entrepreneurship; Not For Profit; Entrepreneurial Finance; Mentoring; Business Networks; Hybrid Nonprofit Funding; Mission and Purpose; Nonprofit Organizations; Social Entrepreneurship; Emerging Markets; Problems and Challenges; Finance; Miami
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  • 03 Oct 2005
  • Research & Ideas

The Truck Driver Who Reinvented Shipping

Transporting "containerized cargo" seemed to be a natural, cost-effective extension of his business. McLean initially envisioned his trucking fleet as an integral part of View Details
Keywords: by Anthony J. Mayo & Nitin Nohria; Manufacturing; Transportation; Aerospace
  • September 1987
  • Background Note

What Do Venture Capitalists Do?

By: William A. Sahlman
Presents the results derived from 49 responses to a questionnaire mailed to 100 venture capitalists in late 1984. The purpose of the survey was to shed light on the relationship between venture capitalists and their portfolio companies. The survey revealed that the... View Details
Keywords: Borrowing and Debt; Venture Capital; Investment Portfolio; Recruitment; Surveys; Managerial Roles; Service Operations; Relationships; Service Industry
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  • 23 Jun 2014
  • Research & Ideas

In Venture Capital, Birds of a Feather Lose Money Together

few key questions: What specific characteristics influence individuals' desire to work together on an investment deal? And given that influence, how does affinity affect View Details
Keywords: by Carmen Nobel; Financial Services
  • June 2021
  • Case

Akira Fukabori and Kevin Kajitani at avatarin (A)

By: Linda A. Hill and Emily Tedards
In 2016, Akira Fukabori and Kevin Kajitani, aeronautical engineers at All Nippon Airways Co., Ltd., began to wonder why, in a world of accelerating globalization and digital connectivity, those who lived in far-remote villages or impoverished urban areas could not... View Details
Keywords: Agility; Ecosystem; Innovation Ecosystems; Crowdsourcing; Open Innovation; Partnership; Government; Collaboration; Co-creation; Purpose; Impact; Social Impact; Movement; Organizational Behavior; Organizational Ambidexterity; Ambidexterity; Culture; Culture Change; Global Teams; Experimentation; Space; Airline Industry; Start-up; Platform Business; Platform Strategy; Platform; Digital; Robotics; Robots; Mobility; Strategy; COVID-19; Intrapreneurship; Public-private Partnership; XPRIZE; Space Industry; Avatar; Telepresence; Innovation Lab; Innovation and Invention; Technological Innovation; Partners and Partnerships; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Alignment; Leadership; Leading Change; Diversity; Organizational Culture; Change Management; Entrepreneurship; Digital Platforms; Transportation Industry; Aerospace Industry; Japan
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  • August 2021
  • Supplement

Andreessen Horowitz’s Cultural Leadership Fund (B): Kevin Hart and Clubhouse

By: Anita Elberse, Briana Richardson and Cydni Williams
In May 2020, Andreessen Horowitz secures an agreement with Clubhouse, one of Silicon Valley’s hottest startups, to lead its ‘Series A’ funding round. One of the factors that insiders saw as pivotal in the race to be Clubhouse’s VC firm of choice was Andreessen... View Details
Keywords: Entertainment; Talent Management; General Management; Inclusion; Talent and Talent Management; Diversity; Venture Capital; Entrepreneurship; Networks; Nonprofit Organizations
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  • May 2007
  • Article

Corporate Financing Decisions When Investors Take the Path of Least Resistance

By: Malcolm Baker, Joshua Coval and Jeremy Stein
We explore the consequences for corporate financial policy that arise when investors exhibit inertial behavior. One implication of investor inertia is that, all else equal, a firm pursuing a strategy of equity-financed growth will prefer a stock-for-stock merger to... View Details
Keywords: Behavior; Investment; Policy; Corporate Finance
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  • April 2025
  • Article

How Central Banks Manage Climate and Energy Transition Risks

By: Esther Shears, Jonas Meckling and Jared Finnegan
Central banks have begun to examine and manage climate risks, including both transition risks of moving from fossil fuels to clean energy and physical climate risks. Here we provide a systematic assessment of how and why central banks address climate risks on the basis... View Details
Keywords: Banks and Banking; Risk and Uncertainty; Climate Change; Transition; Risk Management
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  • 02 May 2014
  • Working Paper Summaries

Profits and Economic Development

Keywords: by Dan Schwab & Eric Werker
  • 11 Oct 2021
  • Blog Post

Crafting a Nontraditional Path to Venture Capital and Private Equity with Morgan Sheil (MBA 2021)

chain, and climate, and knew she needed to make others see it as well. “I was only interested in climate change work, so I approached my search explaining that I may not have an View Details

    Robert C. Merton

    Robert C. Merton is the School of Management Distinguished Professor of Finance at the MIT Sloan School of Management.

    Merton is University Professor Emeritus at Harvard University and was the George Fisher Baker Professor of... View Details

    Keywords: investment banking industry; investment banking industry; investment banking industry; investment banking industry; investment banking industry; investment banking industry
    • March 2021 (Revised August 2021)
    • Case

    Nayana Mawilmada: Transforming Urban Development in Sri Lanka

    By: Joshua D. Margolis and Mahima Rao-Kachroo
    In February 2018, Nayana Mawilmada (Nayana), investment head for the Sri Lankan government’s ambitious $40 billion Megapolis project, must weigh an attractive job offer to move from the public sector to the private sector. A massive government project aimed at... View Details
    Keywords: Change Management; Transformation; Decision Making; Public Sector; Experience and Expertise; Strategic Planning; Work-Life Balance; Transportation; Risk and Uncertainty; Power and Influence; Personal Development and Career; Real Estate Industry; Rail Industry; Transportation Industry; South Asia; Sri Lanka; Boston; Virginia; United States
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    • 20 Oct 2015
    • HBS Seminar

    Elizabeth Pontikes, University of Chicago Booth School of Business

    • 2015
    • Chapter

    Making the Business Case for Environmental Sustainability

    By: Rebecca Henderson
    Can a business case be made for acting sustainably? This is a difficult question to answer precisely, largely because there is no generally accepted definition of the term "sustainability." Is it acting sustainably to protect the human rights of the firm's workforce?... View Details
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    • November 2007 (Revised March 2011)
    • Case

    Mubadala: Forging Development in Abu Dhabi

    By: Rawi E. Abdelal and Irina Tarsis
    In 2007, Khaldoon Khalifa Al Mubarak, the CEO of Mubadala Development Company (Mubadala), had every reason to be optimistic about the future of his home, Abu Dhabi, one of the emirates comprising the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The tiny, sandy, and dry emirate with a... View Details
    Keywords: Development Economics; Economy; Non-Renewable Energy; Globalization; Leading Change; State Ownership; Diversification; Abu Dhabi
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    • September 2023
    • Supplement

    Super Quantum: Using Artificial Intelligence to Transform Asset Management (B)

    By: Feng Zhu and Kerry Herman
    Dr. Zhang, CEO of Super Quantum, an AI-driven hedge fund, is considering an investor’s request to withdraw their funds as the markets experience volatility. Should he pull the investor’s funds? View Details
    Keywords: Hedge Fund; Volatility; Decision Choices and Conditions; Asset Management; Investment Funds; Financial Services Industry
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    • September 1960 (Revised August 1983)
    • Background Note

    Note on Financial Analysis

    Serves as an introduction to funds flows and ratio analysis. Includes basic discussion of these tools as assists in the analyst's or manager's job. Supplementary material includes problem set and answers. View Details
    Keywords: Analysis; Investment
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