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      • August 2019
      • Case

      Huawei and the U.S.-China Trade War

      By: Elie Ofek and John Masko
      In 2019, Chinese smartphone maker and telecommunications empire Huawei was preparing to launch its new flagship smartphone series, the Mate 30. After years of explosive growth, the previous 18 months had been a challenge for the company. In early 2018, Huawei’s planned... View Details
      Keywords: Trade; Global Strategy; International Relations; National Security; Mobile and Wireless Technology; Information Infrastructure; Volatility; Adaptation; Telecommunications Industry; China; United States; European Union
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      Ofek, Elie, and John Masko. "Huawei and the U.S.-China Trade War." Harvard Business School Case 520-017, August 2019.
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Computed Tomography (CT)--Beyond Traditional X-Rays: Case Histories of Transformational Advances

      By: Amar Bhidé, Srikant M. Datar and Katherine Stebbins
      This case history describes how Computed Tomography (CT) scanners - that combine Xrays and computers to image soft tissues of the brain and other organs -- have become a widely used diagnostic tool. Specifically, we chronicle the 1) initial development of CT... View Details
      Keywords: Health Care and Treatment; Technological Innovation; Innovation Strategy; Technology Adoption; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Innovation and Invention; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms
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      Bhidé, Amar, Srikant M. Datar, and Katherine Stebbins. "Computed Tomography (CT)--Beyond Traditional X-Rays: Case Histories of Transformational Advances." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-004, July 2019. (Revised May 2024.)
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Magnetic Resonance Imaging—High Quality and Radiation Free: Case Histories of Transformational Advances

      By: Srikant M. Datar, Amar Bhidé and Katherine Stebbins
      This case history describes how Magnetic Resource Imaging (MRI) came to complement – and partially replace -- computed tomography (CT) imaging of soft tissue. Specifically, we chronicle 1) the development of foundational techniques and prototypes (through the 1970s);... View Details
      Keywords: Health Care and Treatment; Technological Innovation; Innovation Strategy; Technology Adoption; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Innovation and Invention; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms
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      Datar, Srikant M., Amar Bhidé, and Katherine Stebbins. "Magnetic Resonance Imaging—High Quality and Radiation Free: Case Histories of Transformational Advances." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-001, July 2019. (Revised January 2025.)
      • Summer 2019
      • Article

      The Plight of the Graying Tech Worker

      By: William R. Kerr
      If you’re in tech and over 40, your experience is probably underappreciated. A global talent pool complicates matters. View Details
      Keywords: Employees; Age; Personal Development and Career; Immigration; Policy; Computer Industry; Computer Industry
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      Kerr, William R. "The Plight of the Graying Tech Worker." MIT Sloan Management Review 60, no. 4 (Summer 2019): 12–13.
      • 2019
      • Working Paper

      Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 13 Platform Systems vs. Step Processes—The Value of Options and the Power of Modularity

      By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
      This is the first chapter in Part 3. Its purpose is to contrast the value structure of platform systems with step processes from a technological perspective. I first review the basic technical architecture of computers and argue that every computer is inherently a... View Details
      Keywords: Platform Systems; Step Processes; Computer Architecture; Modularity; Information Technology; Digital Platforms
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      Baldwin, Carliss Y. "Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 13 Platform Systems vs. Step Processes—The Value of Options and the Power of Modularity." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 19-073, January 2019.
      • 2019
      • Working Paper

      Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 15 The IBM PC

      By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
      The IBM PC was the first digital computer platform that was open by as a matter of strategy, not necessity. The purpose of this chapter is to understand the IBM PC as a technical system and set of organization choices in light of the theory of how technology shapes... View Details
      Keywords: IBM; Personal Computer; Digital Platforms; System; Strategy
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      Baldwin, Carliss Y. "Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 15 The IBM PC." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 19-074, January 2019.
      • January 2019 (Revised May 2019)
      • Case

      When Trolls Attack: Carbonite vs. Oasis Research

      By: Lauren H. Cohen, Umit G. Gurun, Scott Duke Kominers and Sarah Mehta
      This case, set in October 2017, follows Danielle Sheer, general counsel for Carbonite, as she defends the company against claims of patent infringement. It provides a broad overview of the U.S. patent system and explores the impact that non-practicing entities... View Details
      Keywords: Patent Infringement Litigation; Non-practicing Entities; Patent Trolls; Innovation and Invention; Intellectual Property; Patents; Laws and Statutes; Lawsuits and Litigation; Legal Liability; Computer Industry; Computer Industry; Boston
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      Cohen, Lauren H., Umit G. Gurun, Scott Duke Kominers, and Sarah Mehta. "When Trolls Attack: Carbonite vs. Oasis Research." Harvard Business School Case 219-001, January 2019. (Revised May 2019.)
      • Article

      Accuracy First: Selecting a Differential Privacy Level for Accuracy-Constrained ERM

      By: Katrina Ligett, Seth Neel, Aaron Leon Roth, Bo Waggoner and Steven Wu
      Traditional approaches to differential privacy assume a fixed privacy requirement ϵ for a computation, and attempt to maximize the accuracy of the computation subject to the privacy constraint. As differential privacy is increasingly deployed in practical settings, it... View Details
      Keywords: Differential Privacy; Empirical Risk Minimization; Accuracy First
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      Ligett, Katrina, Seth Neel, Aaron Leon Roth, Bo Waggoner, and Steven Wu. "Accuracy First: Selecting a Differential Privacy Level for Accuracy-Constrained ERM." Journal of Privacy and Confidentiality 9, no. 2 (2019).
      • December 2018 (Revised March 2021)
      • Background Note

      Modern Automation (A): Artificial Intelligence

      By: William R. Kerr and James Palano
      This primer is meant to be a field guide to the late 2010s' surge in business use of "Artificial Intelligence" (AI), or enterprise software based in machine learning. First, it provides an overview of the key trends—digitization, connectivity, the continuation of... View Details
      Keywords: Artificial Intelligence; Digitization; Connectivity; Computing; Future Of Work; Automation; AI and Machine Learning
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      Kerr, William R., and James Palano. "Modern Automation (A): Artificial Intelligence." Harvard Business School Background Note 819-084, December 2018. (Revised March 2021.)
      • 2018
      • Article

      Insight into Gender Differences in STEM: Evidence from Peer Reviews in an Engineering Class

      By: Jacqueline N. Lane, Bruce Ankenman and Seyed Iravani
      As the service industry moves toward self-service, peer feedback serves a critical role in this shift for educational services. Peer feedback is a process by which students provide feedback to each other. One of its major benefits is that it enables students to become... View Details
      Keywords: Peer Review; Peer Feedback; STEM Education; Anonymity; Education; Gender; Education Industry
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      Lane, Jacqueline N., Bruce Ankenman, and Seyed Iravani. "Insight into Gender Differences in STEM: Evidence from Peer Reviews in an Engineering Class." Service Science 10, no. 4 (2018): 442–456.
      • November 2018
      • Teaching Note

      reMarkable: e-Writing the Future

      By: Elie Ofek
      Teaching Note for HBS No. 517-018. View Details
      Keywords: Innovation and Management; Product Development; Product Launch; Entrepreneurship; Computer Industry; Europe; United States
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      Ofek, Elie. "reMarkable: e-Writing the Future." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 519-050, November 2018.
      • 2019
      • Working Paper

      Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 14 Introducing Open Platforms and Ecosystems

      By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
      The purpose of this chapter is to lay the groundwork for a comprehensive theoretical investigation of open platform systems. To do this, we must first recognize that, although there is a strong family resemblance among all platform systems, there are different types of... View Details
      Keywords: Open Platforms; Business Ecosystems; Information Technology; Organizational Design; Industry Structures; Digital Platforms
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      Baldwin, Carliss Y. "Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 14 Introducing Open Platforms and Ecosystems." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 19-035, October 2018. (Revised January 2019.)
      • June 2018
      • Teaching Note

      The Transformation of Microsoft

      By: C. Fritz Foley and F. Katelynn Boland
      Teaching Note for HBS No. 218-048. In early 2015, Amy Hood, CFO of Microsoft, and the rest of the senior leadership team faced a set of fundamental choices. The firm had opportunities to serve customers in ways that would be associated with higher growth but lower... View Details
      Keywords: Growth; Corporate Finance; Valuation; Growth Management; Communication Strategy; Transformation; Computer Industry; Computer Industry; United States
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      Foley, C. Fritz, and F. Katelynn Boland. "The Transformation of Microsoft." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 218-140, June 2018.
      • June 2018 (Revised January 2020)
      • Teaching Note

      Apple Inc. in 2018

      By: David B. Yoffie
      Teaching Note for HBS No. 718-439. View Details
      Keywords: Strategy; Competitive Advantage; Computer Industry; Computer Industry
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      Yoffie, David B. "Apple Inc. in 2018." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 718-516, June 2018. (Revised January 2020.)
      • Summer 2018
      • Book Review

      Leslie Berlin, Troublemakers: Silicon Valley's Coming of Age

      By: William A. Sahlman
      Leslie Berlin's book Troublemakers, is an engaging and insightful people-first exploration of the roots of Silicon Valley, from the late 1960s to the early 1980s. Berlin portrays seven individuals who played important roles at critical junctures in the... View Details
      Keywords: Silicon Valley; Technological Innovation; Disruptive Innovation; History; California
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      Sahlman, William A. "Leslie Berlin, Troublemakers: Silicon Valley's Coming of Age." Business History Review 92, no. 2 (Summer 2018): 343–353.
      • May 2018 (Revised December 2019)
      • Case

      Apple Inc. in 2018

      By: David B. Yoffie and Eric Baldwin
      Many observers worried about what would happen to Apple when Steve Jobs died in 2011. But Apple had performed above everyone's expectations in Cook's six years as CEO. Apple's core business—the iPhone—continued to deliver spectacular results. In addition, Cook was... View Details
      Keywords: Strategy; Information Technology; Competitive Strategy; Corporate Strategy; Technological Innovation; Competitive Advantage; Computer Industry; Computer Industry; Computer Industry
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      Yoffie, David B., and Eric Baldwin. "Apple Inc. in 2018." Harvard Business School Case 718-439, May 2018. (Revised December 2019.)
      • March 2018
      • Case

      Sachem Head's Activism at Autodesk

      By: Suraj Srinivasan and Quinn Pitcher
      In 2015, activist hedge fund Sachem Head Capital, led by founder Scott Ferguson, launched an activist campaign at computer aided design (CAD) software maker Autodesk. The activist campaign, waged mainly in private, was over Autodesk's lackluster financial performance,... View Details
      Keywords: Shareholder Activism; Investing; Activist Investing; Technology; CEO Turnover; Hedge Fund Activism; Benchmarking; Corporate Governance; Information Technology; Investment Activism; Performance Improvement; Management Succession; United States
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      Srinivasan, Suraj, and Quinn Pitcher. "Sachem Head's Activism at Autodesk." Harvard Business School Case 118-086, March 2018.
      • Article

      Orienteering for Electioneering

      By: Jonah Kallenbach, Robert Kleinberg and Scott Duke Kominers
      In this paper, we introduce a combinatorial optimization problem that models the investment decision a political candidate faces when treating his or her opponents’ campaign plans as given. Our formulation accounts for both the time cost of traveling between districts... View Details
      Keywords: Political Elections; Resource Allocation; Time Management; Analysis
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      Kallenbach, Jonah, Robert Kleinberg, and Scott Duke Kominers. "Orienteering for Electioneering." Operations Research Letters 46, no. 2 (March 2018): 205–210.
      • February 2018 (Revised March 2018)
      • Case

      Artificial Intelligence and the Machine Learning Revolution in Finance: Cogent Labs and the Google Cloud Platform (GCP)

      By: Lauren Cohen, Christopher Malloy and William Powley
      This case examines the intersection of two firms (Cogent Labs—a machine learning software firm in Tokyo; and Google, the technology infrastructure giant) attempting to exploit the benefits of artificial intelligence and machine learning in the financial services... View Details
      Keywords: Technological Innovation; Finance; Growth and Development Strategy; Business Model; Applications and Software; Infrastructure; Technology Industry; Financial Services Industry
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      Cohen, Lauren, Christopher Malloy, and William Powley. "Artificial Intelligence and the Machine Learning Revolution in Finance: Cogent Labs and the Google Cloud Platform (GCP)." Harvard Business School Case 218-080, February 2018. (Revised March 2018.)
      • February 2018 (Revised December 2019)
      • Case

      Rise of the Drones: Identified Technologies

      By: Andy Wu and George Gonzalez
      The founder and CEO of Identified Technologies, a Pittsburgh-based drone software and services company, faces a dilemma when San Francisco–based DroneDeploy begins to disrupt the industry with its drone software platform. Identified Technologies needs to consider... View Details
      Keywords: Applications and Software; Digital Platforms; Disruption; Network Effects; Computer Industry; Computer Industry; Pittsburgh; San Francisco
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      Wu, Andy, and George Gonzalez. "Rise of the Drones: Identified Technologies." Harvard Business School Case 718-482, February 2018. (Revised December 2019.)
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