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  • All HBS Web  (435)
    • News  (70)
    • Research  (272)
    • Multimedia  (4)
  • Faculty Publications  (169)

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  • All HBS Web  (435)
    • News  (70)
    • Research  (272)
    • Multimedia  (4)
  • Faculty Publications  (169)
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  • 17 Jan 2024
  • Research & Ideas

Are Companies Getting Away with 'Cheap Talk' on Climate Goals?

Companies regularly set ambitious climate goals, but these plans often end up like many people’s New Year’s resolutions: unmet aspirations that quietly fizzle out. While companies often gain positive media attention by trumpeting plans for reducing greenhouse gas... View Details
Keywords: by Tim Gray
  • 18 Jun 2024
  • Research & Ideas

Industrial Decarbonization: Confronting the Hard Challenges of Cement

Cities like Cairo; Chongqing, China; Delhi; and Kinshasa, Congo are experiencing population explosions accompanied by unprecedented demand for homes, offices, factories, and infrastructure. In the United States, the Biden Administration’s policy-driven infrastructure... View Details
Keywords: by by Janelle Conaway; Green Technology; Energy; Industrial Products; Manufacturing
  • March 2025 (Revised June 2025)
  • Background Note

Getting to Net Zero: The Role of the Financial Sector

By: Shawn Cole, Jonah Zahnd, Karina Chung and Jack Cenovic
In early 2025, momentum towards the goal of reaching net zero carbon emissions by 2050 continued in many parts of the world, even as it appeared to face a set-back following the election of Donald Trump as president of the United States. Financial institutions... View Details
Keywords: Transition; Climate Change; Environmental Regulation; Environmental Law; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Risk and Uncertainty; Competitive Advantage; Financial Services Industry
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Cole, Shawn, Jonah Zahnd, Karina Chung, and Jack Cenovic. "Getting to Net Zero: The Role of the Financial Sector." Harvard Business School Background Note 225-066, March 2025. (Revised June 2025.)
  • 28 Aug 2012
  • First Look

First Look: August 28

unregulated regions and increase global emissions in the process. Carbon tariffs have emerged as a possible mechanism to address these concerns by imposing carbon costs on... View Details
Keywords: Sean Silverthorne
  • 2021
  • Article

Nudging the Commute: Using Behaviorally-Informed Interventions to Promote Sustainable Transportation

By: Ashley Whillans, Joseph Sherlock, Jessica Roberts, Shibeal O'Flaherty, Lyndsay Gavin, Holly Dykstra and Michael Daly
Dramatic reductions in carbon emissions must take place immediately. A human-centric method of reducing environmental impacts is to “nudge” employees away from single-occupancy vehicles (SOVs) toward more sustainable commuting options. While an abundance of research... View Details
Keywords: Behavioral Science; Transportation Demand Management; Commuting; Single-occupancy Vehicle Commutes; Transportation; Behavior; Change; Environmental Sustainability
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Whillans, Ashley, Joseph Sherlock, Jessica Roberts, Shibeal O'Flaherty, Lyndsay Gavin, Holly Dykstra, and Michael Daly. "Nudging the Commute: Using Behaviorally-Informed Interventions to Promote Sustainable Transportation." Behavioral Science & Policy 7, no. 2 (2021): 27–49.
  • 18 Apr 2023
  • Research & Ideas

What Happens When Banks Ditch Coal: The Impact Is 'More Than Anyone Thought'

Consumers who are eager to mitigate climate change can take many actions, such as reducing the number of airline flights they take or installing solar panels on their homes. But the planet is in a race against time, and individual action alone won’t help most countries... View Details
Keywords: by Barbara DeLollis; Financial Services; Mining
  • July 2009 (Revised January 2014)
  • Case

Sustainability at Millipore

By: Michael W. Toffel and Katharine Lee
This case describes Millipore Corporation's approach to becoming a more environmentally sustainable company. As he prepared for his quarterly meeting with the CEO, the Director of Sustainability needed to develop positions on several issues. Tactically, he needed to... View Details
Keywords: Investment; Corporate Disclosure; Operations; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Organizational Structure; Natural Environment; Environmental Sustainability; Pollutants
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Toffel, Michael W., and Katharine Lee. "Sustainability at Millipore." Harvard Business School Case 610-012, July 2009. (Revised January 2014.) (defining sustainability in a corporate context, managing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions including inventories, targets, disclosure, reduction strategies.)
  • 09 Dec 2014
  • First Look

First Look: December 9

Download working paper: http://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Publication%20Files/15-016_c6e7c9cc-70a3-4119-bd7b-8e4b25a26312.pdf Technology Choice and Capacity Portfolios Under Emissions Regulation By: Drake, David, Paul R. Kleindorfer, and Luk N.... View Details
Keywords: Sean Silverthorne
  • 2012
  • Chapter

Citizens' Perceptions and the Disconnect Between Economics and Regulatory Policy

By: Jonathan Baron, William T. McEnroe and Christopher Poliquin
Economic theory is clear about the advantages and disadvantages of various ways of regulating negative externalities, such as command and control, cap and trade, taxation, subsidies, and tort law. Yet public policy rarely follows the recommendations that follow from... View Details
Keywords: Regulation; Decision Making; Government and Politics; United States
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Baron, Jonathan, William T. McEnroe, and Christopher Poliquin. "Citizens' Perceptions and the Disconnect Between Economics and Regulatory Policy." In Regulatory Breakdown: The Crisis of Confidence in U.S. Regulation, edited by Cary Coglianese. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2012.
  • 24 Sep 2014
  • Op-Ed

We Need a Miracle. New Nuclear Might Provide it.

ocean acidification. The EIA/IEA forecasts are not preordained. I hope the world's leaders come to agreement on ways to price carbon emissions and to calm the energy security fears of nations. I fully expect... View Details
Keywords: by Joseph Lassiter; Energy; Utilities
  • February 2024 (Revised April 2024)
  • Case

CPP Investments—The Road to Zero

By: Vikram Gandhi and Radhika Kak
In February 2022, Canadian Pension Plan (CPP) Investments, the investment management organization that managed funds for the CPP, one of the biggest pension plans in the world, announced a net-zero commitment for its portfolio by 2050. Under its CEO, John Graham, it... View Details
Keywords: Environmental Sustainability; Asset Management; Investment Portfolio; Leading Change; Business and Stakeholder Relations; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Financial Services Industry; Canada; California
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Gandhi, Vikram, and Radhika Kak. "CPP Investments—The Road to Zero." Harvard Business School Case 324-054, February 2024. (Revised April 2024.)
  • 19 Dec 2014
  • Research & Ideas

China’s Complicated Relationship With Mother Nature

Despite its name, the Great Wall of China began as a series of smaller, isolated defensive fortifications. Those structures grew and were later unified into the imposing structure that exists today. The Great Wall is a great metaphor for the Chinese economy. By... View Details
Keywords: Re: William C. Kirby; Manufacturing
  • 2021
  • Working Paper

Corporate Environmental Impact: Measurement, Data and Information

By: David Freiberg, DG Park, George Serafeim and T. Robert Zochowski
As an organization’s environmental impact has become a central societal consideration, thereby affecting industry and organizational competitiveness, interest in measuring and analyzing environmental impact has increased. We develop a methodology to derive comparable... View Details
Keywords: Environment; Impact; Measurement; Environmental Ratings; Corporate Valuation; Financial Materiality; Sustainability; Environmental Impact; Environmental Strategy; Impact-Weighted Accounts; IWAI; Environmental Sustainability; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Measurement and Metrics; Valuation
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Freiberg, David, DG Park, George Serafeim, and T. Robert Zochowski. "Corporate Environmental Impact: Measurement, Data and Information." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-098, March 2020. (Revised February 2021.)
  • January 2012 (Revised September 2015)
  • Case

Tough Decisions at Marks and Spencer

By: George Serafeim
In 2007, under the leadership of CEO Stuart Rose, the iconic British retailer Marks and Spencer, with great fanfare, announced its "Plan A" initiative. Based on the five essential pillars of climate change, waste, sustainable materials, fair partnership, and health,... View Details
Keywords: Decision Making; Environmental Sustainability; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Corporate Strategy; Retail Industry
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Eccles, Robert G., George Serafeim, and Kyle Armbrester. "Tough Decisions at Marks and Spencer." Harvard Business School Case 112-062, January 2012. (Revised September 2015.)
  • 15 Nov 2011
  • Working Paper Summaries

Engaging Supply Chains in Climate Change

Keywords: by Chonnikarn Fern Jira & Michael W. Toffel
  • August 2021 (Revised September 2022)
  • Case

Patch Technology: Making It Easy to Do the Right Thing

By: Tomomichi Amano, Robert J. Dolan and Carol Zhang
In 2021, the growing threat of climate change pushed companies around the world to understand that significant behavioral change was necessary. While many recognized that decreasing emissions was critical, more sophisticated players such as Microsoft began to recognize... View Details
Keywords: Environmental Management; Marketing; Digital Platforms; Climate Change
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Amano, Tomomichi, Robert J. Dolan, and Carol Zhang. "Patch Technology: Making It Easy to Do the Right Thing." Harvard Business School Case 522-037, August 2021. (Revised September 2022.)
  • 11 Jun 2012
  • Research & Ideas

When Business Competition Harms Society

UCLA Anderson School, and Michael W. Toffel of Harvard Business School. In the quest to discover whether competition breeds unethical behavior, the researchers examined the vehicle emissions testing program in New York State, one of... View Details
Keywords: by Carmen Nobel; Auto
  • Research Summary

Managing sustainability in supply chains

By: Michael W. Toffel
I am examining codes of conduct, management process standards, and government voluntary programs that address environmental and labor issues, seeking to understand what enables some of these programs to actually deliver on their promise of distinguishing organizations... View Details
Keywords: Environment; Environmental Performance; Environmental Regulation; Environmental Strategy; Regulation; Supply Chain; Supply Chain Management; Manufacturing Industry; Auto Industry; Service Industry; Construction Industry; United States; California
  • Research Summary

Corporate transparency and information disclosure strategies

By: Michael W. Toffel
This research focuses on transparency and information disclosure strategies, a topic of growing importance in environmental sustainability, corporate strategy, stakeholder relations, and public policy.  My prior research in this area explored why... View Details
Keywords: Transparency; Disclosure Strategy; Disclosure; Environment; Environmental Performance; Regulation; Supply Chain; Environmental Sustainability; United States
  • 11 Jul 2017
  • First Look

First Look at New Ideas and Research, July 11

Settings with Technology Choice and Foreign Production Cost Advantage By: Drake, David F. Abstract—Emissions regulation is a policy mechanism intended to address the threat of climate change. However, the stringency of emissions... View Details
Keywords: Sean Silverthorne
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