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      Government ProgramsRemove Government Programs →

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      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Mammography - Early Detection, Precise Diagnoses: Case Histories of Transformational Advances

      By: Amar Bhidé, Srikant M. Datar and Katherine Stebbins
      This case history describes how the development of x-ray-based techniques and equipment (“mammography”) led to widespread screening for breast cancer and enabled “minimally invasive” biopsies of breast tumors. Specifically, we chronicle how: 1) new protocols and... View Details
      Keywords: Health Care and Treatment; Technological Innovation; Innovation Strategy; Technology Adoption; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Innovation and Invention; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms
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      Bhidé, Amar, Srikant M. Datar, and Katherine Stebbins. "Mammography - Early Detection, Precise Diagnoses: Case Histories of Transformational Advances." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-002, July 2019. (Revised January 2025.)
      • July 2019
      • Case

      Piramal Foundation: The Business of Philanthropy

      By: Vikram Gandhi and Mahima Rao-Kachroo
      The Piramal Foundation was launched by diversfied Indian conglomerate, the Piramal Group, to improve the healthcare services and quality of education of India’s economically and socially disadvantaged. The foundation operates under three verticals—‘Piramal Foundation... View Details
      Keywords: Social Enterprise; Philanthropy and Charitable Giving; Education; Health Care and Treatment; Performance Improvement; Growth and Development Strategy; Education Industry; Health Industry; India
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      Gandhi, Vikram, and Mahima Rao-Kachroo. "Piramal Foundation: The Business of Philanthropy." Harvard Business School Case 520-011, July 2019.
      • June 2019
      • Article

      Social Risk, Fiscal Risk, and the Portfolio of Government Programs

      By: Samuel G. Hanson, David S. Scharfstein and Adi Sunderam
      We develop a model of government portfolio choice in which a benevolent government chooses the scale of risky projects in the presence of market failures and tax distortions. These two frictions generate motives to manage social risk and fiscal risk. Social risk... View Details
      Keywords: Risk Management; Government and Politics; Programs
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      Hanson, Samuel G., David S. Scharfstein, and Adi Sunderam. "Social Risk, Fiscal Risk, and the Portfolio of Government Programs." Review of Financial Studies 32, no. 6 (June 2019): 2341–2382. (Internet Appendix Here.)
      • 2019
      • Working Paper

      The Gift of Global Talent: Innovation Policy and the Economy

      By: William R. Kerr
      Talent is the most precious resource for today’s knowledge-based economy, and a significant share of the U.S. skilled workforce in technology fields is foreign born. The United States has long held a leading position in attracting global talent, but the gap to other... View Details
      Keywords: Global Talent Flows; Talent and Talent Management; Global Range; Immigration; Policy; Economy
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      Kerr, William R. "The Gift of Global Talent: Innovation Policy and the Economy." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 19-116, May 2019.
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Overcoming the Cold Start Problem of CRM Using a Probabilistic Machine Learning Approach

      By: Eva Ascarza
      The success of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) programs ultimately depends on the firm's ability to understand consumers' preferences and precisely capture how these preferences may differ across customers. Only by understanding customer heterogeneity, firms can... View Details
      Keywords: Customer Management; Targeting; Deep Exponential Families; Probabilistic Machine Learning; Cold Start Problem; Customer Relationship Management; Customer Value and Value Chain; Consumer Behavior; Analytics and Data Science; Mathematical Methods; Retail Industry
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      Padilla, Nicolas, and Eva Ascarza. "Overcoming the Cold Start Problem of CRM Using a Probabilistic Machine Learning Approach." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 19-091, February 2019. (Revised May 2020. Accepted at the Journal of Marketing Research.)
      • January 2019
      • Supplement

      JPMorgan Chase: Invested in Detroit (C)

      By: Joseph L. Bower and Michael Norris
      Video Supplement to HBS Case Nos. 918-406 and 918-410.
      Beginning in 2014, JPMorgan Chase launched “Invested in Detroit,” a $100 million philanthropic investment in the city over five years. The bank worked with local economic development organizations,... View Details
      Keywords: Philanthropic Investment; Banking; Economic Development; Local Economic Development; Workforce Development; Financial Institutions; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Urban Development; Business and Community Relations; Philanthropy and Charitable Giving; Expansion; Banking Industry; United States; Michigan; Detroit
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      Bower, Joseph L., and Michael Norris. "JPMorgan Chase: Invested in Detroit (C)." Harvard Business School Multimedia/Video Supplement 919-801, January 2019.
      • January 2019
      • Case

      Accenture's Code of Business Ethics

      By: Eugene Soltes
      Leaders of Accenture’s compliance and ethics program are seeking to design a new code of business ethics for its global workforce of over 400,000 employees. The case explores the decision-making process that went into the design process and ultimately how they created... View Details
      Keywords: Code Of Conduct; Compliance; Ethics; Law; Leadership; Governance Compliance
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      Soltes, Eugene. "Accenture's Code of Business Ethics." Harvard Business School Case 119-049, January 2019.
      • November 2018 (Revised July 2023)
      • Case

      The Weir Group: Reforming Executive Pay (A)

      By: Lynn S. Paine and Federica Gabrieli
      In February 2018, the Remuneration Committee together with the full Board of Directors of the Scotland-based engineering company The Weir Group had to decide whether to seek a shareholder vote at the upcoming Annual General Meeting in April on a proposal to reform the... View Details
      Keywords: General Management; Board Of Directors; Executive Committees; Human Resource Management; Compensation; Pay For Performance; Incentives; Bonuses; Incentive Programs; Employee Stock Ownership Plans; Performance Measurement; Corporate Governance; Governing and Advisory Boards; Human Resources; Management; Executive Compensation; Change; Performance Evaluation; Employee Stock Ownership Plan; Europe; United Kingdom; Scotland
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      Paine, Lynn S., and Federica Gabrieli. "The Weir Group: Reforming Executive Pay (A)." Harvard Business School Case 319-046, November 2018. (Revised July 2023.)
      • 2018
      • Working Paper

      Ratcheting, Competition, and the Diffusion of Technological Change: The Case of Televisions Under an Energy Efficiency Program

      By: Tomomichi Amano and Hiroshi Ohashi
      In differentiated goods markets with societal implications, quality standards are commonly implemented to avoid the under-provision of innovation. Firms have clear incentives to engage in strategic behavior because policymakers use market outcomes as a benchmark in... View Details
      Keywords: Product Differentiation; Energy Efficiency Standards; Ratcheting; Diffusion Of Innovation; Technological Innovation; Competition; Quality; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Policy
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      Amano, Tomomichi, and Hiroshi Ohashi. "Ratcheting, Competition, and the Diffusion of Technological Change: The Case of Televisions Under an Energy Efficiency Program." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 19-021, September 2018.
      • Article

      Evaluating the Effectiveness of Corporate Compliance Programs: Establishing a Model for Prosecutors, Courts, and Firms

      By: Eugene F. Soltes
      When prosecutors, courts, and regulators make charging and sentencing decisions, they must evaluate whether firms have effective compliance programs. Such evaluations are difficult because of the challenges associated with measuring effectiveness. Notably, these... View Details
      Keywords: Corporate Governance; Governance Compliance; Performance Effectiveness; Performance Evaluation
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      Soltes, Eugene F. "Evaluating the Effectiveness of Corporate Compliance Programs: Establishing a Model for Prosecutors, Courts, and Firms." NYU Journal of Law & Business 14, no. 3 (Summer 2018): 965–1011.
      • July 2018
      • Article

      Reimagining Health Data Exchange: An Application Programming Interface-Enabled Roadmap for India

      By: Satchit Balsari, Alexander Fortenko MD, MPH, Joaquin A. Blaya PhD, Adrian Gropper MD, Malavika Jayaram LLM, Rahul Matthan LLM, Ram Sahasranam, Mark Shankar MD, Suptendra N. Sarbadhikari PhD, Barbara Bierer, Kenneth D. Mandl MD, Sanjay Mehendale MD, MPH and Tarun Khanna
      In February 2018, the Government of India announced a massive public health insurance scheme extending coverage to 500 million citizens, in effect making it the world’s largest insurance program. To meet this target, the government will rely on technology to... View Details
      Keywords: Health Information Exchange; India; Health APIs; Health Care and Treatment; Information; Analytics and Data Science; Information Technology; Health Industry; India
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      Balsari, Satchit, Alexander Fortenko MD, MPH, Joaquin A. Blaya PhD, Adrian Gropper MD, Malavika Jayaram LLM, Rahul Matthan LLM, Ram Sahasranam, Mark Shankar MD, Suptendra N. Sarbadhikari PhD, Barbara Bierer, Kenneth D. Mandl MD, Sanjay Mehendale MD, MPH, and Tarun Khanna. "Reimagining Health Data Exchange: An Application Programming Interface-Enabled Roadmap for India." Journal of Medical Internet Research 20, no. 7 (July 2018).
      • June 2018
      • Case

      Japan: Deficits, Deflation and Debt

      By: Richard H.K. Vietor and Haviland Sheldahl-Thomason
      In April 2018, Prime Minister Shinzo Abe was again in Washington to petition Donald Trump. After years of rapid, export-led growth, Japan had slumped into recession in 1991 and never really recovered. For the past 27 years, its economy has grown at 1.1% annually,... View Details
      Keywords: Deflation; Debt; Country Analysis; Monetary Expansion; Population Growth; Inflation and Deflation; Borrowing and Debt; Economy; Energy; National Security; Japan
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      Vietor, Richard H.K., and Haviland Sheldahl-Thomason. "Japan: Deficits, Deflation and Debt." Harvard Business School Case 718-063, June 2018.
      • May 2018 (Revised January 2019)
      • Teaching Note

      Designing a Compliance Program at AB InBev

      By: Eugene Soltes
      Teaching Note for HBS No. 118-071. View Details
      Keywords: Governance; Crime and Corruption; Governance Compliance; Consumer Products Industry; Africa; Europe; India; North America
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      Soltes, Eugene. "Designing a Compliance Program at AB InBev." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 118-126, May 2018. (Revised January 2019.)
      • May 2018 (Revised October 2020)
      • Supplement

      La Ribera Health Department (B): Epilogue

      By: Regina E. Herzlinger, Emer Moloney and Daniela Beyersdorfer
      The La Ribera case studies depict an innovative low cost/high quality privately financed hospital model struggling to achieve alignment with the Six Factors. It is reimbursed by the public sector in a Spanish environment whose Consumers, Structure, and Public Policy... View Details
      Keywords: Trends And Opportunities; Government; Government Programs; Acquisition; Business Model; Business Plan; Trends; Opportunities; Government and Politics; Programs; Health Care and Treatment; Situation or Environment; Health Industry; Insurance Industry; Technology Industry; Spain
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      Herzlinger, Regina E., Emer Moloney, and Daniela Beyersdorfer. "La Ribera Health Department (B): Epilogue." Harvard Business School Supplement 318-134, May 2018. (Revised October 2020.)
      • March 2018 (Revised April 2018)
      • Case

      Designing a Compliance Program at AB InBev

      By: Eugene Soltes
      Compliance programs help companies align the interests and behavior of employees with external expectations and regulation. The case discusses how AB InBev, a major brewer, developed its compliance program. View Details
      Keywords: Governance; Crime and Corruption; Governance Compliance; Consumer Products Industry; Africa; Europe; India; North America
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      Soltes, Eugene. "Designing a Compliance Program at AB InBev." Harvard Business School Case 118-071, March 2018. (Revised April 2018.)
      • 2018
      • Introduction

      Introduction

      By: Sophus A. Reinert
      BOOK ABSTRACT: When Istvan Hont died in 2013, the world lost a giant of intellectual history. A leader of the Cambridge School of Political Thought, Hont argued passionately for a global-historical approach to political ideas. To better understand the development of... View Details
      Keywords: Markets; Moral Sensibility; Government and Politics; Trade; History
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      Reinert, Sophus A. "Introduction." Introduction to Markets, Morals, Politics: Jealousy of Trade and the History of Political Thought, edited by Béla Kapossy, Isaac Nakhimovsky, Sophus A. Reinert, and Richard Whatmore, 1–22. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2018.
      • March 2018 (Revised March 2018)
      • Case

      JPMorgan Chase: Invested in Detroit (A)

      By: Joseph L. Bower and Michael Norris
      Beginning in 2014, JPMorgan Chase launched Invested in Detroit, a $100 million philanthropic investment in the city over five years. The bank worked with local economic development organizations, workforce development organizations, small businesses, philanthropies,... View Details
      Keywords: Local Economic Development; Workforce Development; Philanthropic Investment; Financial Institutions; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Urban Development; Business and Community Relations; Banking Industry; United States; Michigan
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      Bower, Joseph L., and Michael Norris. "JPMorgan Chase: Invested in Detroit (A)." Harvard Business School Case 918-406, March 2018. (Revised March 2018.)
      • 2018
      • Book

      Markets, Morals, Politics: Jealousy of Trade and the History of Political Thought

      By: Béla Kapossy, Isaac Nakhimovsky, Sophus A. Reinert and Richard Whatmore
      When Istvan Hont died in 2013, the world lost a giant of intellectual history. A leader of the Cambridge School of Political Thought, Hont argued passionately for a global-historical approach to political ideas. To better understand the development of liberalism, he... View Details
      Keywords: Morals; Politics; Istvan Hont; Jealousy Of Trade; Enlightenment; Economic Nationalism; Markets; Moral Sensibility; Government and Politics; Trade; History
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      Kapossy, Béla, Isaac Nakhimovsky, Sophus A. Reinert and Richard Whatmore, eds. Markets, Morals, Politics: Jealousy of Trade and the History of Political Thought. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2018.
      • Article

      Why Compliance Programs Fail: And How to Fix Them

      By: Hui Chen and Eugene Soltes
      Firms spend millions of dollars annually on whistle-blower hotlines, training, and other efforts to ensure adherence to laws, regulations, and company policies. Yet malfeasance remains entrenched in the corporate world. Why? Too many firms treat compliance as a... View Details
      Keywords: Governance Compliance; Programs; Employees; Training; Performance Effectiveness; Measurement and Metrics
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      Chen, Hui, and Eugene Soltes. "Why Compliance Programs Fail: And How to Fix Them." Harvard Business Review 96, no. 2 (March–April 2018): 116–125.
      • 2018
      • Working Paper

      Zig-Zagging Your Way to Transformative Impact

      By: V. Kasturi Rangan and Tricia Gregg
      Achieving transformative impact has been much discussed by social entrepreneurs, funders, and consultants. These discussions have focused on issues of increasing impact and scale, but often with no clear distinction between the two terms. In order to provide clarity,... View Details
      Keywords: Social Entrepreneurship; Performance Efficiency; Growth and Development; Outcome or Result; Strategy
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      Rangan, V. Kasturi, and Tricia Gregg. "Zig-Zagging Your Way to Transformative Impact." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 18-062, January 2018.
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