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      • September 2019
      • Case

      Teaming Up to Win the Rail Deal at GE (A)

      By: Amy Edmondson, Ranjay Gulati and Rachna Tahilyani
      In 2012, Nalin Jain, then head of GE aviation for South Asia, was given the added responsibility for GE’s transportation business in India, including bidding for a $2.5 billion contract to manufacture, service and maintain 1,000 diesel locomotives for state owned... View Details
      Keywords: Recruitment; Selection and Staffing; Human Capital; Groups and Teams; Leadership Style; Leading Change; Organizational Design; Organizational Structure; Industrial Products Industry; Manufacturing Industry; Rail Industry; Transportation Industry; United States; India
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      Edmondson, Amy, Ranjay Gulati, and Rachna Tahilyani. "Teaming Up to Win the Rail Deal at GE (A)." Harvard Business School Case 420-058, September 2019.
      • 2019
      • Working Paper

      On Her Own Account: How Strengthening Women's Financial Control Affects Labor Supply and Gender Norms

      By: Natalia Rigol, Erica Field, Rohini Pande, Simone Schaner and Charity Troyer-Moore
      Can greater control over earned income incentivize women to work and influence gender norms? In collaboration with Indian government partners, we provided rural women with individual bank accounts and randomly varied whether their wages from a public workfare program... View Details
      Keywords: Gender Norms; Economics; Gender; Employment; Income; Societal Protocols; India
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      Rigol, Natalia, Erica Field, Rohini Pande, Simone Schaner, and Charity Troyer-Moore. "On Her Own Account: How Strengthening Women's Financial Control Affects Labor Supply and Gender Norms." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 26294, September 2019.
      • August 2019 (Revised October 2019)
      • Case

      Amandla Capital: Real Estate in Côte d‘Ivoire

      By: John D. Macomber, Pippa Tubman Armerding and Dilyana Botha
      This case describes Amandla Capital, a fledgling company in Cote d’Ivoire, facing three opportunities in the real estate and hospitality industries in Africa. It introduces students to several concepts: decision-making and cost-benefit analysis in real estate,... View Details
      Keywords: Small Business; Decision Making; Decision Choices and Conditions; Cost vs Benefits; Finance; Assets; Asset Management; Investment Portfolio; Investment Return; Project Finance; Relationships
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      Macomber, John D., Pippa Tubman Armerding, and Dilyana Botha. "Amandla Capital: Real Estate in Côte d‘Ivoire." Harvard Business School Case 220-029, August 2019. (Revised October 2019.)
      • August 2019 (Revised April 2021)
      • Case

      Unifying Divisions: Joro's Mission to Preserve the Planet

      By: Shikhar Ghosh and Marilyn Morgan Westner
      The case focuses on the initial startup team and Founders’ agreements. In March 2018, Sanchali Pal proposed renegotiating the informal founders’ agreement and equity split she and her co-founders had drafted the previous spring. They had been working together for over... View Details
      Keywords: Founders' Agreements; Business Startups; Climate Change; Agreements and Arrangements; Conflict Management
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      Ghosh, Shikhar, and Marilyn Morgan Westner. "Unifying Divisions: Joro's Mission to Preserve the Planet." Harvard Business School Case 820-032, August 2019. (Revised April 2021.)
      • August 2019 (Revised September 2021)
      • Background Note

      Analytical Tools in Private Equity: Return Bridge

      By: Victoria Ivashina and Abhijit Tagade
      This note explains the rationale and derivation behind “return bridge,” a key analytical tool used in the private equity industry to understand sources of value-add. The note elaborates on the advantages and the shortcomings of the return bridge. View Details
      Keywords: Return Bridge; Private Equity; Value Creation; Analysis
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      Ivashina, Victoria, and Abhijit Tagade. "Analytical Tools in Private Equity: Return Bridge." Harvard Business School Background Note 220-019, August 2019. (Revised September 2021.) (Prof. Ivashina is using this note for course this semester.)
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Digital Experimentation and Startup Performance: Evidence from A/B Testing

      By: Rembrand Koning, Sharique Hasan and Aaron Chatterji
      Recent work argues that experimentation is the appropriate framework for entrepreneurial strategy. We investigate this proposition by exploiting the time-varying adoption of A/B testing technology, which has drastically reduced the cost of experimentally testing... View Details
      Keywords: Experimentation; A/B Testing; Data-driven Decision-making; Entrepreneurship; Strategy; Business Startups; Information Technology; Performance
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      Koning, Rembrand, Sharique Hasan, and Aaron Chatterji. "Digital Experimentation and Startup Performance: Evidence from A/B Testing." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-018, August 2019. (Revised September 2020. SSRN Working Paper Series, No. 3440291, August 2019)
      • August 2019 (Revised October 2019)
      • Case

      Systems Design West

      By: Richard Ruback and Royce Yudkoff
      Jenn Braus (HBS 2013) was halfway through the 90-day exclusivity period for her proposed acquisition of Systems Design West (SDW). She had completed her business and accounting due diligence. Just as she was about to ask her lawyer to begin drafting the purchase... View Details
      Keywords: Acquisition; Price; Negotiation Offer; Decision Making
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      Ruback, Richard, and Royce Yudkoff. "Systems Design West." Harvard Business School Case 220-004, August 2019. (Revised October 2019.)
      • August 2019
      • Case

      Subscription Lines Dilemma

      By: Victoria Ivashina and Terrence Shu
      This case follows a fictional managing partner of a private equity firm, as she contemplates whether to utilize subscription lines of credit in her firm’s funds. Subscription lines are revolving lines of credit secured by commitments from a fund’s investors. Private... View Details
      Keywords: Private Equity; Credit; Strategy
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      Ivashina, Victoria, and Terrence Shu. "Subscription Lines Dilemma." Harvard Business School Case 220-025, August 2019.
      • Article

      Navy Medicine Introduces Value-Based Health Care

      By: Alee Hernandez, Robert S. Kaplan, Mary L. Witkowski, C. Forrest Faison III and Michael E. Porter
      In 2016 the newly appointed surgeon general of the Navy launched a value-based health care pilot project at Naval Hospital Jacksonville to explore whether multidisciplinary care teams (known as integrated practice units, or IPUs) and measurement of outcomes could... View Details
      Keywords: Military Health System; Health Care and Treatment; Cost Management; Projects
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      Hernandez, Alee, Robert S. Kaplan, Mary L. Witkowski, C. Forrest Faison III, and Michael E. Porter. "Navy Medicine Introduces Value-Based Health Care." Health Affairs 38, no. 8 (August 2019): 1393–1400.
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      The Value of Intermediation in the Stock Market

      By: Marco Di Maggio, Mark Egan and Francesco Franzoni
      We estimate a structural model of broker choice to quantitatively decompose the value that institutional investors attach to broker services. Studying over 300 million institutional equity trades, we find that investors are sensitive to both explicit and implicit... View Details
      Keywords: Financial Intermediation; Institutional Investors; Research Analysts; Broker Networks; Equity Trading; Institutional Investing; Financial Services Industry
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      Di Maggio, Marco, Mark Egan, and Francesco Franzoni. "The Value of Intermediation in the Stock Market." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-016, August 2019. (Revised June 2021. Accepted at the Journal of Financial Economics.)
      • August 2019 (Revised April 2020)
      • Case

      Transforming Hindustan Unilever

      By: Krishna G. Palepu and Rachna Tahilyani
      In October 2013, when Sanjiv Mehta had taken over the reins of Unilever’s business in India and the larger South Asia region, Hindustan Unilever (HUL) had been going through a difficult time. Caught in the midst of a weakening economy, falling consumer spending, and... View Details
      Keywords: Change Management; Transformation; Leading Change; Performance Improvement; Consumer Products Industry; India
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      Palepu, Krishna G., and Rachna Tahilyani. "Transforming Hindustan Unilever." Harvard Business School Case 120-022, August 2019. (Revised April 2020.)
      • July 2019
      • Article

      Evaluation of Economic and Clinical Outcomes Under Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Mandatory Bundled Payments for Joint Replacements

      By: Derek A. Haas, Xiaoran Zhang, Robert S. Kaplan and Zirui Song
      In 2016, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) launched its first mandatory bundled payment program, the Comprehensive Care for Joint Replacement (CJR) model, by randomizing metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) into the payment model. The paper analyzed... View Details
      Keywords: Medicare; Medicaid; Bundled Payments; Health Care and Treatment; Cost Management; Performance Evaluation; Outcome or Result
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      Haas, Derek A., Xiaoran Zhang, Robert S. Kaplan, and Zirui Song. "Evaluation of Economic and Clinical Outcomes Under Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Mandatory Bundled Payments for Joint Replacements." JAMA Internal Medicine 179, no. 7 (July 2019): 924–931.
      • July 2019
      • Case

      Christmas Inc. (A)

      By: Susanna Gallani, Gregory Sabin, Lexor Adams and Nicholas Haberling
      Santa Claus is facing increasing pressures to contain costs. The economic model that has worked for centuries is starting to show some cracks, to the point that he is considering outsourcing part of its toy production. Evaluating the bids his team collected from... View Details
      Keywords: Costing; Production; Cost; Analysis; Decision Making; Strategy
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      Gallani, Susanna, Gregory Sabin, Lexor Adams, and Nicholas Haberling. "Christmas Inc. (A)." Harvard Business School Case 120-009, July 2019.
      • June–July 2019
      • Article

      A Methodology for Operationalizing Enterprise IT Architecture and Evaluating Its Modifiability

      By: Robert Lagerström, Alan MacCormack, David Dreyfus and Carliss Y. Baldwin
      Recent contributions to information systems theory suggest that the primary role of a firm’s information technology (IT) architecture is to facilitate, and therefore ensure the continued alignment of a firm’s IT investments with a constantly changing business... View Details
      Keywords: Enterprise Architecture; Modularity; Information Systems; Modifiability; Design Structure Matrix
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      Lagerström, Robert, Alan MacCormack, David Dreyfus, and Carliss Y. Baldwin. "A Methodology for Operationalizing Enterprise IT Architecture and Evaluating Its Modifiability." Complex Systems Informatics and Modeling Quarterly 19 (June–July 2019): 75–98.
      • July 2019
      • Article

      Market Reaction to Mandatory Nonfinancial Disclosure

      By: Jody Grewal, Edward J. Riedl and George Serafeim
      We examine the equity market reaction to events associated with the passage of a directive in the European Union (EU) mandating increased nonfinancial disclosure. These disclosures relate to firms’ environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance and would be... View Details
      Keywords: Nonfinancial Information; Nonfinancial Performance; ESG; ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) Performance; Investor Behavior; Disclosure; Disclosure Regulation; Regulation; Sustainability; Corporate Performance; Information; Corporate Disclosure; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Performance; Environmental Sustainability; Corporate Governance; Outcome or Result
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      Grewal, Jody, Edward J. Riedl, and George Serafeim. "Market Reaction to Mandatory Nonfinancial Disclosure." Management Science 65, no. 7 (July 2019): 3061–3084.
      • June 2019
      • Case

      ClearLife: From Prospect to Platform

      By: Alexander Braun, Lauren Cohen, Mauro Elvedi and Jiahua Xu
      ClearLife’s first product was a trading and analytics platform for participants in the U.S. life settlement market, the secondary market for life insurance. ClearLife played a key role in facilitating transactions and devising a common language for expressing value and... View Details
      Keywords: Digital Platforms; Insurance; Entrepreneurship; Expansion; Diversification; Strategy
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      Braun, Alexander, Lauren Cohen, Mauro Elvedi, and Jiahua Xu. "ClearLife: From Prospect to Platform." Harvard Business School Case 219-119, June 2019.
      • June 2019
      • Technical Note

      Valuing Employee Equity at Early Stage Ventures

      By: Shikhar Ghosh, Christopher Stanton and Sanchali Pal
      The note introduces a framework to consider factors that influence the value of employee equity at early stage ventures. Valuing equity is complex, and it important to account for expected dilution, assess exit potential, and acknowledge the high rate of failure in... View Details
      Keywords: Employees; Equity; Valuation; Business Startups
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      Ghosh, Shikhar, Christopher Stanton, and Sanchali Pal. "Valuing Employee Equity at Early Stage Ventures." Harvard Business School Technical Note 819-167, June 2019.
      • June 2019
      • Article

      Brokers vs. Retail Investors: Conflicting Interests and Dominated Products

      By: Mark Egan
      I study how brokers distort household investment decisions. Using a novel convertible bond dataset, I find that consumers often purchase dominated bonds—cheap and expensive versions of otherwise identical bonds coexist in the market. The empirical evidence suggests... View Details
      Keywords: Brokers; Fiduciary Standard; Consumer Finance; Structured Products; Household; Investment; Decisions; Motivation and Incentives; Conflict of Interests
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      Egan, Mark. "Brokers vs. Retail Investors: Conflicting Interests and Dominated Products." Journal of Finance 74, no. 3 (June 2019): 1217–1260.
      • May 2019
      • Teaching Note

      Tesla, Inc. in 2018

      By: Siko Sikochi and Suraj Srinivasan
      Teaching Note for HBS No. 119-013. The case facilitates a discussion about corporate governance and its role in achieving sustainable profitability and driving long-term shareholder value. The discussion can focus on such questions as what constitutes good governance,... View Details
      Keywords: Public Company; Corporate Governance; Governing and Advisory Boards; Cost vs Benefits
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      Sikochi, Siko, and Suraj Srinivasan. "Tesla, Inc. in 2018." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 119-101, May 2019.
      • May 2019
      • Background Note

      Founders' Agreements

      By: Shikhar Ghosh, Shweta Bagai and Sanchali Pal
      Crafting a Founders’ Agreement is an important component of startup infrastructure as it documents a complex set of decisions that build a company’s roots. Its four key elements are: roles and responsibilities, rights (decision rights, rewards, position on board),... View Details
      Keywords: Founders' Agreements; Team Management; Contingency Planning; Business Startups; Equity; Entrepreneurship
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      Ghosh, Shikhar, Shweta Bagai, and Sanchali Pal. "Founders' Agreements." Harvard Business School Background Note 819-143, May 2019.
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