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Show Results For
- All HBS Web
(7,597)
- People (3)
- News (1,355)
- Research (5,014)
- Events (123)
- Multimedia (55)
- Faculty Publications (3,412)
- June 2022 (Revised January 2025)
- Technical Note
Causal Inference
This note provides an overview of causal inference for an introductory data science course. First, the note discusses observational studies and confounding variables. Next the note describes how randomized experiments can be used to account for the effect of... View Details
Keywords: Causal Inference; Causality; Experiment; Experimental Design; Data Science; Analytics and Data Science
Bojinov, Iavor I., Michael Parzen, and Paul Hamilton. "Causal Inference." Harvard Business School Technical Note 622-111, June 2022. (Revised January 2025.)
- December 2019
- Article
Invest in Information or Wing It? A Model of Dynamic Pricing with Seller Learning
By: Guofang Huang, Hong Luo and Jing Xia
Pricing idiosyncratic products is often challenging because the seller, ex ante, lacks information about the demand for individual items. This paper develops a model of dynamic pricing for idiosyncratic products that features the optimal stopping structure and a seller... View Details
Keywords: Dynamic Pricing; Idiosyncratic Products; Item-specific Demand; Demand Uncertainty; Active Seller Learning; The Value Of Information; Price; Information; Value; Learning
Huang, Guofang, Hong Luo, and Jing Xia. "Invest in Information or Wing It? A Model of Dynamic Pricing with Seller Learning." Management Science 65, no. 12 (December 2019): 5556–5583.
- August 2017 (Revised March 2020)
- Case
Flex Hungary: Launching Production (A)
By: Willy Shih
This case examines design choices in the construction of flow lines. Flow lines are a popular way of arranging production because they are simple and inherently efficient. Equipment or workstations are arranged according to the sequence of steps in which a product is... View Details
Keywords: Manufacturing; Line-balancing; Flow Line; Conveyor-paced Line; Consumer Goods; Consumer Products; Production Management; Production Planning; Production Scheduling; Operations; Production; Management; Supply Chain; Design; Analysis; Goods and Commodities; Consumer Products Industry; Manufacturing Industry; European Union
Shih, Willy. "Flex Hungary: Launching Production (A)." Harvard Business School Case 618-002, August 2017. (Revised March 2020.)
- April 2013
- Case
Managing with Analytics at Procter & Gamble
By: Thomas H. Davenport, Marco Iansiti and Alain Serels
Senior management at P&G has put a strong emphasis on using data to make "better, smarter, real-time business decisions." The Global Business Services (GBS) organization has developed tools, systems and processes to provide managers throughout P&G with direct access to... View Details
Keywords: Analytics; Data Management; Forecasting; Shared Services; Procter ＆ Gamble; Laundry Detergent; Information Management; Forecasting and Prediction; Information Technology; Mathematical Methods; Consumer Products Industry; North America
Davenport, Thomas H., Marco Iansiti, and Alain Serels. "Managing with Analytics at Procter & Gamble." Harvard Business School Case 613-045, April 2013.
- March 2022 (Revised January 2025)
- Technical Note
Linear Regression
This note provides an overview of linear regression for an introductory data science course. It begins with a discussion of correlation, and explains why correlation does not necessarily imply causation. The note then describes the method of least squares, and how to... View Details
Keywords: Data Science; Linear Regression; Mathematical Modeling; Mathematical Methods; Analytics and Data Science
Bojinov, Iavor I., Michael Parzen, and Paul Hamilton. "Linear Regression." Harvard Business School Technical Note 622-100, March 2022. (Revised January 2025.)
- Article
Uninformed Consent
By: Leslie K. John
Companies want access to more and more of your personal data—from where you are to what’s in your DNA. Can they unlock its value while respecting consumers’ privacy? View Details
Keywords: Personal Data; Privacy; Customers; Analytics and Data Science; Ethics; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms
John, Leslie K. "Uninformed Consent." Special Issue on The Big Idea: Tracked. Harvard Business Review (website) (September–October 2018).
- September 2020 (Revised June 2023)
- Exercise
Artea: Designing Targeting Strategies
By: Eva Ascarza and Ayelet Israeli
This collection of exercises aims to teach students about 1)Targeting Policies; and 2)Algorithmic bias in marketing—implications, causes, and possible solutions. Part (A) focuses on A/B testing analysis and targeting. Parts (B),(C),(D) Introduce algorithmic bias. The... View Details
Keywords: Algorithmic Data; Race And Ethnicity; Experimentation; Promotion; ＂Marketing Analytics＂; Marketing And Society; Big Data; Privacy; Data-driven Management; Data Analytics; Data Analysis; E-Commerce Strategy; Discrimination; Targeted Advertising; Targeted Policies; Targeting; Pricing Algorithms; A/B Testing; Ethical Decision Making; Customer Base Analysis; Customer Heterogeneity; Coupons; Algorithmic Bias; Marketing; Race; Gender; Diversity; Customer Relationship Management; Marketing Communications; Advertising; Decision Making; Ethics; E-commerce; Analytics and Data Science; Retail Industry; Apparel and Accessories Industry; United States
Ascarza, Eva, and Ayelet Israeli. "Artea: Designing Targeting Strategies." Harvard Business School Exercise 521-021, September 2020. (Revised June 2023.)
- December 2020
- Case
VIA Science (A)
By: Juan Alcácer, Rembrand Koning, Annelena Lobb and Kerry Herman
Via (a) captures the early days of the data analytics startup as founders Gounden and Ravanis considered which markets offer the right opportunities for their firm and what kinds of experiments will help them narrow their choice. Supplement Via (b) reveals the... View Details
Keywords: Data Analytics; Machine Learning; Artificial Intelligence; Strategy; Business Startups; Markets; AI and Machine Learning; Telecommunications Industry; Utilities Industry; United States; Japan
Alcácer, Juan, Rembrand Koning, Annelena Lobb, and Kerry Herman. "VIA Science (A)." Harvard Business School Case 721-367, December 2020.
- August 2015 (Revised January 2017)
- Technical Note
From Correlation to Causation
By: Feng Zhu and Karim R. Lakhani
To make sound business decisions, managers must be comfortable with the concepts of correlation and causation. This background note provides an overview of correlation and causation using examples and explains why the former does not imply the latter. It also describes... View Details
Zhu, Feng, and Karim R. Lakhani. "From Correlation to Causation." Harvard Business School Technical Note 616-009, August 2015. (Revised January 2017.)
- August 2013 (Revised August 2014)
- Case
Catalina In the Digital Age
By: Robert J. Dolan and Uma R. Karmarkar
Catalina in the Digital Age considers how a company with a dominant market position should evolve its established product lines given the rise of novel digital technologies. Since its founding in 1983, Catalina had enjoyed a distinct position in the world of consumer... View Details
Keywords: Big Data; Digital Technologies; Marketing; Customer Relationship Management; Consumer Behavior; Analytics and Data Science
Dolan, Robert J., and Uma R. Karmarkar. "Catalina In the Digital Age." Harvard Business School Case 514-021, August 2013. (Revised August 2014.)
- 2015
- Working Paper
The Logic of Agglomeration
By: Gilles Duranton and William R. Kerr
This review discusses frontier topics in economic geography as they relate to firms and agglomeration economies. We focus on areas where empirical research is scarce but possible. We first outline a conceptual framework for city formation that allows us to contemplate... View Details
Keywords: Agglomeration; Clusters; Cities; Innovation; Industry Clusters; City; Innovation and Invention
Duranton, Gilles, and William R. Kerr. "The Logic of Agglomeration." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 16-037, September 2015.
- December 2020
- Supplement
VIA Science (B)
By: Juan Alcácer, Rembrand Koning, Annelena Lobb and Kerry Herman
Via (a) captures the early days of the data analytics startup as founders Gounden and Ravanis considered which markets offer the right opportunities for their firm and what kinds of experiments will help them narrow their choice. Supplement Via (b) reveals the... View Details
Keywords: Data Analytics; Machine Learning; Artificial Intelligence; Strategy; Business Startups; AI and Machine Learning; Telecommunications Industry; Utilities Industry; United States; Japan
Alcácer, Juan, Rembrand Koning, Annelena Lobb, and Kerry Herman. "VIA Science (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 721-368, December 2020.
- 2007
- Report
The Role of Clusters in the Chemical Industry
By: Christian H.M. Ketels
The European Chemical Industry, still in the leading position globally, is under intense competitive pressure from emerging locations in Asia and the Middle East. After first reacting by efficiency upgrading within companies and then pursuing outsourcing and aggressive... View Details
Keywords: Trade; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Industry Clusters; Business and Government Relations; Competitive Strategy; Chemical Industry; Asia; Europe; Middle East
Ketels, Christian H.M. "The Role of Clusters in the Chemical Industry." Report, 2007. (Prepared for the Annual Conference of the European Petrochemical Association (EPCA))
- April 2000
- Case
Financing of Project Achieve, The (A)
By: Mihir A. Desai
An entrepreneur is forced to analyze the tradeoffs between different equity providers through a detailed analysis of venture financing terms and cash flow forecasts. The founder of a Web-based IMS for schools must negotiate a term sheet, determine funding needs, value... View Details
Keywords: Business Startups; Forecasting and Prediction; Venture Capital; Cash Flow; Equity; Negotiation Deal; Valuation
Desai, Mihir A. "Financing of Project Achieve, The (A)." Harvard Business School Case 200-042, April 2000.
- August 2002
- Other Article
The Determinants of National Innovative Capacity
By: Jeffrey L. Furman, Michael E. Porter and Scott Stern
Motivated by differences in innovation intensity across advanced economies, this paper presents an empirical examination of the determinants of country-level production of international patents. We introduce a novel framework based on the concept of national innovative... View Details
Furman, Jeffrey L., Michael E. Porter, and Scott Stern. "The Determinants of National Innovative Capacity." Research Policy 31, no. 6 (August 2002): 899–933.
- July 2022
- Case
Operation Overlord
By: Boris Groysberg, Greg Goullet, Katherine Connolly Baden and Sarah L. Abbott
On June 6, 1944, nearly 5,000 ships, 11,000 planes, and 160,000 infantrymen under an Allied joint-command of American, British, and Canadian leaders were sent across the English Channel, with hopes of re-establishing a foothold in Nazi-occupied France. Known as D-Day,... View Details
Keywords: Execution; Data Analytics; Leadership; Planning; Operations; Crisis Management; War; Organizational Structure; Decision Choices and Conditions; Information Management; France; England
Groysberg, Boris, Greg Goullet, Katherine Connolly Baden, and Sarah L. Abbott. "Operation Overlord." Harvard Business School Case 422-098, July 2022.
- January 2023
- Supplement
Apple: Privacy vs. Safety (B)
By: Henry McGee, Nien-hê Hsieh and Christian Godwin
In 2020, as the COVID-19 pandemic swept across the globe, Apple and Google partnered to develop a contact tracing application that would collect information about users infected with the disease and notify those who they had been in contact with. While Apple/Google’s... View Details
Keywords: Iphone; Encryption; Data Privacy; Customers; Customer Focus and Relationships; Decision Making; Ethics; Values and Beliefs; Globalized Firms and Management; Government and Politics; Health; Health Pandemics; Leadership; Markets; Safety; Social Issues; Information Technology; Telecommunications Industry; Technology Industry; Consumer Products Industry; Electronics Industry; Health Industry; United States; Europe
McGee, Henry, Nien-hê Hsieh, and Christian Godwin. "Apple: Privacy vs. Safety (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 323-066, January 2023.
- 2018
- Chapter
The Logic of Agglomeration
By: Gilles Duranton and William R. Kerr
This review discusses frontier topics in economic geography as they relate to firms and agglomeration economies. We focus on areas where empirical research is scarce but possible. We first outline a conceptual framework for city formation that allows us to contemplate... View Details
Keywords: Agglomeration; Clusters; Innovation; Cities; Industry Clusters; City; Innovation and Invention
Duranton, Gilles, and William R. Kerr. "The Logic of Agglomeration." In The New Oxford Handbook of Economic Geography, edited by Gordon Clark, Maryann Feldman, Meric Gertler, and Dariusz Wojcik, 347–365. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018.
- March 2016 (Revised April 2017)
- Teaching Note
Bridj and the Business of Urban Mobility (A): Introducing a New Model
By: Rosabeth Moss Kanter and Jonathan Cohen
This note is for the purpose of aiding classroom instructors in the use of the Harvard Business School case "Bridj and the Business of Urban Mobility: Introducing a New Model." Instructors may use it to help students understand the challenges that come with disrupting... View Details
Keywords: Startup; Startup Management; Big Data; Smart Transit; Stakeholder Engagement; Stakeholder Management; Urban Vehicle; Mobility; Mass Transit; Uber; Government Relations; Technological Innovation; Analytics and Data Science; Entrepreneurship; Business and Stakeholder Relations; Business Startups; Transportation; Business and Government Relations; Transportation Industry; United States
- August 2015 (Revised February 2017)
- Case
Bridj and the Business of Urban Mobility (A): Developing a New Model
By: Rosabeth Moss Kanter and Daniel Fox
Bridj, a Boston startup that provides Big Data-powered, "pop-up" bus routes that respond to transportation demand, has been in operation for a little over a year and has recently launched service in Washington, D.C., its second market. Despite media acclaim and... View Details
Keywords: Startup; Startup Management; Big Data; Smart Transit; Stakeholder Engagement; Stakeholder Management; Urban Vehicle; Mobility; Mass Transit; Uber; Government Relations; Technological Innovation; Analytics and Data Science; Entrepreneurship; Business and Stakeholder Relations; Transportation; Business Startups; Management; Business and Government Relations; Transportation Industry; Boston; District of Columbia
Kanter, Rosabeth Moss, and Daniel Fox. "Bridj and the Business of Urban Mobility (A): Developing a New Model." Harvard Business School Case 316-025, August 2015. (Revised February 2017.)