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  • All HBS Web  (89)
    • News  (9)
    • Research  (67)
    • Multimedia  (1)
  • Faculty Publications  (30)

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  • All HBS Web  (89)
    • News  (9)
    • Research  (67)
    • Multimedia  (1)
  • Faculty Publications  (30)
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  • July 2005 (Revised September 2016)
  • Case

24 Hour Fitness (A): The Rise, 1983–2004

By: John R. Wells, Elizabeth A. Raabe and Gabriel Ellsworth
In October 2004, Mark S. Mastrov, CEO of 24 Hour Fitness, reflected on how far his company had come in just over 20 years. From humble beginnings in 1983 in San Leandro, California, 24 Hour Fitness had grown to become the largest privately-owned health-club chain in... View Details
Keywords: 24 Hour Fitness; Mark Mastrov; Health Clubs; Fitness; Gyms; Chain; Weight Loss; Exercise; Personal Training; Retention; Sales Force Compensation; Incentive Systems; Buildings and Facilities; Business Growth and Maturation; Business Model; For-Profit Firms; Customers; Customer Focus and Relationships; Customer Satisfaction; Private Equity; Revenue; Geographic Scope; Multinational Firms and Management; Nutrition; Business History; Employees; Recruitment; Selection and Staffing; Human Capital; Business or Company Management; Goals and Objectives; Growth and Development Strategy; Marketing; Operations; Service Operations; Private Ownership; Problems and Challenges; Sales; Salesforce Management; Sports; Strategy; Business Strategy; Competition; Competitive Advantage; Competitive Strategy; Corporate Strategy; Expansion; Segmentation; Information Technology; Internet; Technology Platform; Web; Web Sites; Capital Structure; Performance; Organizational Structure; Organizational Culture; Health Industry; United States; California; San Francisco
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Wells, John R., Elizabeth A. Raabe, and Gabriel Ellsworth. "24 Hour Fitness (A): The Rise, 1983–2004." Harvard Business School Case 706-404, July 2005. (Revised September 2016.)
  • November 2004 (Revised September 2019)
  • Background Note

The U.S. Health Club Industry in 2004

By: John R. Wells, Gabriel Ellsworth and Benjamin Weinstock
In 2004, the $16.8 billion U.S. health club industry continued its strong record of growth. There were almost 27,000 health clubs in the United States, up from 6,700 two decades earlier, and these clubs claimed 41 million members, over 14% of the U.S. population.... View Details
Keywords: Health Clubs; Fitness; Gyms; Chain; Weight Loss; Obesity; Exercise; Personal Training; Bally Total Fitness; 24 Hour Fitness; YMCA; Gold's Gym; Curves; Franchise; Franchising; Subscription; Promotional Sales; Promotions; Fixed Costs; Body; Accrual Accounting; Revenue Recognition; Buildings and Facilities; Business Growth and Maturation; Business Model; For-Profit Firms; Trends; Customers; Demographics; Age; Income; Private Equity; Financing and Loans; Profit; Revenue; Geographic Scope; Multinational Firms and Management; Health; Nutrition; Business History; Employees; Retention; Human Capital; Working Conditions; Contracts; Business or Company Management; Goals and Objectives; Growth and Development Strategy; Markets; Demand and Consumers; Supply and Industry; Industry Growth; Industry Structures; Operations; Service Operations; Franchise Ownership; Private Ownership; Public Ownership; Problems and Challenges; Sales; Salesforce Management; Situation or Environment; Opportunities; Nonprofit Organizations; Welfare; Sports; Strategy; Business Strategy; Competition; Competitive Strategy; Consolidation; Corporate Strategy; Customization and Personalization; Expansion; Segmentation; Hardware; Health Industry; United States
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Wells, John R., Gabriel Ellsworth, and Benjamin Weinstock. "The U.S. Health Club Industry in 2004." Harvard Business School Background Note 705-445, November 2004. (Revised September 2019.)
  • September 2013
  • Case

Advanced Leadership Pathways: Laurent Adamowicz and Bon'App

By: Rosabeth Moss Kanter, Juliane Calingo Schwetz and Patricia Bissett Higgins
After a successful career as Chairman and CEO of Paris-based luxury food company Fauchon, Laurent Adamowicz sought to reduce obesity and improve health outcomes. Adamowicz created a mobile application to provide consumers with more accessible and interpretable... View Details
Keywords: Management; Startup; Leadership; Leadership Style; Leadership Skills; Nutrition Database; Nutritionist In Your Pocket; Nutritional Educational Platform; Shazam Of Food; Weight Loss; Iphone; Android; Applications; App Development; Nutrition Labeling; Nutritional Information; Obesity; Epidemic; Applications and Software; Nutrition; Business Startups; Health; Health Care and Treatment; Information Technology Industry; Health Industry; Boston; Massachusetts
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Kanter, Rosabeth Moss, Juliane Calingo Schwetz, and Patricia Bissett Higgins. "Advanced Leadership Pathways: Laurent Adamowicz and Bon'App." Harvard Business School Case 314-028, September 2013.
  • October 2023
  • Case

Vida Health: Transforming Chronic Disease Treatment

By: William Sahlman and Nicole Tempest Keller
San Francisco based Vida Health, founded by Stephanie Tilenius, former vice president of Commerce and Payments at Google, was a B2B digital health startup focused on the treatment of cardiometabolic conditions, such as diabetes and obesity. Its innovative digital... View Details
Keywords: Corporate Strategy; Growth and Development Strategy; Demand and Consumers; Health Care and Treatment; Product Marketing; Risk and Uncertainty; Technological Innovation; Health Industry; Technology Industry; United States; California; San Francisco
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Sahlman, William, and Nicole Tempest Keller. "Vida Health: Transforming Chronic Disease Treatment." Harvard Business School Case 824-001, October 2023.
  • October 2016 (Revised January 2017)
  • Background Note

The U.S. Health Club Industry, 2005–2016

By: John R. Wells and Gabriel Ellsworth
In 2015, the U.S. health-club industry generated revenues of $25.8 billion, up from $14.8 billion in 2004. Members of health clubs accounted for 17% of the population, up from 14%. The number of clubs had grown from 26,830 in 2004 to 36,180. In the process, the list of... View Details
Keywords: Health Clubs; Fitness; Gyms; Chain; Weight Loss; Obesity; Exercise; Personal Training; Retention; Bally Total Fitness; 24 Hour Fitness; YMCA; Gold's Gym; Curves; Franchise; Franchising; Subscription; Promotional Sales; Promotions; Fixed Costs; Body; Business Ventures; Strategy; Health; Investment; Entertainment and Recreation Industry; Health Industry; United States
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Wells, John R., and Gabriel Ellsworth. "The U.S. Health Club Industry, 2005–2016." Harvard Business School Background Note 717-421, October 2016. (Revised January 2017.)
  • August 2003 (Revised August 2024)
  • Case

Fighting the Battle of the Bulge—Evaluating Do Good/Do Well Innovations in Morbid Obesity Treatment

By: Regina E. Herzlinger and John McDonough
Many health care innovations appear successful; but fail. This is the first case in the Innovating Health Care course that investigates how to create successful health care innovations. It is part of the first module in the course. This module focuses on how to... View Details
Keywords: Three Pillars; Industry Analysis; Health Care and Treatment; Innovation and Invention; Innovation and Management; Medical Specialties; Health Industry
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Herzlinger, Regina E., and John McDonough. "Fighting the Battle of the Bulge—Evaluating Do Good/Do Well Innovations in Morbid Obesity Treatment." Harvard Business School Case 304-009, August 2003. (Revised August 2024.)
  • Research Summary

Interaction of biological and psychological drivers of obesity

With a multi-disciplinary team of researchers in nutrition, microbiology, and epidemiology, we received a large grant to fund the Institute for Cardio-Metabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), a major initiative to promote research on obesity and... View Details

  • September 2008
  • Article

Firm Heterogeneity and Credit Risk Diversification

By: Samuel G. Hanson, M. Hashem Pesaran and Til Schuermann
This paper examines the impact of neglected heterogeneity on credit risk. We show that neglecting heterogeneity in firm returns and/or default thresholds leads to under estimation of expected losses (EL), and its effect on portfolio risk is ambiguous. Once EL is... View Details
Keywords: Volatility; Credit; Investment Return; Outcome or Result; Risk and Uncertainty; Loss; Diversification; Complexity; United States
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Hanson, Samuel G., M. Hashem Pesaran, and Til Schuermann. "Firm Heterogeneity and Credit Risk Diversification." Journal of Empirical Finance 15, no. 4 (September 2008): 583–612.
  • July 16, 2016
  • Article

A Game Theoretic Model for Resource Allocation Among Countermeasures with Multiple Attributes

By: Elisabeth C. Paulson, Igor Linkov and Jeffrey Keisler
We study a strategic, two-player, sequential game between an attacker and defender. The defender must allocate resources amongst possible countermeasures and across possible targets. The attacker then chooses a type of threat and a target to attack. This paper proposes... View Details
Keywords: Resource Allocation; Game Theory; Strategy
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Paulson, Elisabeth C., Igor Linkov, and Jeffrey Keisler. "A Game Theoretic Model for Resource Allocation Among Countermeasures with Multiple Attributes." European Journal of Operational Research 252, no. 2 (July 16, 2016): 610–622.
  • 30 Apr 2024
  • Book

When Managers Set Unrealistic Expectations, Employees Cut Ethical Corners

them put much weight on ethical considerations—if they thought about them at all. Compensation systems that seem to invite, if not encourage, unethical behaviour also show up again and again. The quota and incentive system put in place by... View Details
Keywords: by Dina Gerdeman
  • May 2007
  • Article

Aspects of Endowment: A Query Theory of Value Construction

By: Eric Johnson, Gerald Häubl and Anat Keinan
How do people judge the monetary value of objects? One clue is provided by the typical endowment study (D. Kahneman, J. L. Knetsch, & R. H. Thaler, 1991), in which participants are randomly given either a good, such as a coffee mug, that they may later sell ("sellers")... View Details
Keywords: Profit; Forecasting and Prediction; Theory; Valuation; Loss; Ownership; Decision Choices and Conditions
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Johnson, Eric, Gerald Häubl, and Anat Keinan. "Aspects of Endowment: A Query Theory of Value Construction." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 33, no. 3 (May 2007): 461–474.
  • 2020
  • Working Paper

Aggregate and Firm-Level Stock Returns During Pandemics, in Real Time

By: Laura Alfaro, Anusha Chari, Andrew Greenland and Peter K. Schott
We show that unexpected changes in the trajectory of COVID-19 infections predict U.S. stock returns, in real time. Parameter estimates indicate that an unanticipated doubling (halving) of projected infections forecasts next-day decreases (increases) in aggregate U.S.... View Details
Keywords: COVID-19; Stock Returns; Health Pandemics; Stocks; Investment Return; Forecasting and Prediction
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Alfaro, Laura, Anusha Chari, Andrew Greenland, and Peter K. Schott. "Aggregate and Firm-Level Stock Returns During Pandemics, in Real Time." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 26950, April 2020. (Revised May 2020.)
  • 30 Jan 2019
  • What Do You Think?

Who Will Measure up to These Two Remarkable Leaders?

didn’t need to be chasing more income. He built a business on the belief that the term “investment management” was an oxymoron, that an unmanaged portfolio of every stock weighted to reflect the performance of an entire market would... View Details
Keywords: by James Heskett; Air Transportation; Financial Services
  • 07 Sep 2006
  • Working Paper Summaries

Optimal Value and Growth Tilts in Long-Horizon Portfolios

Keywords: by Jakub W. Jurek & Luis M. Viceira
  • 17 Aug 2020
  • Research & Ideas

What the Stockdale Paradox Tells Us About Crisis Leadership

bonus. Then they would envision unexpected budget cutbacks, the loss of a client, their own unaddressed conflict with a superior, or whatever other obstacles—in or out of their personal control—that might scuttle the hoped-for goal.... View Details
Keywords: by Boris Groysberg and Robin Abrahams
  • 04 Mar 2024
  • Research & Ideas

Want to Make Diversity Stick? Break the Cycle of Sameness

match outgoing and incoming demographics to preserve group dynamics. They may also place more weight on avoiding diversity losses than on seeking greater diversity gains, so they don’t take bigger steps to... View Details
Keywords: by Michael Blanding
  • 01 Jun 2023
  • HBS Case

A Nike Executive Hid His Criminal Past to Turn His Life Around. What If He Didn't Have To?

in Miller’s hometown. Deindustrialization was leading to the large-scale loss of urban jobs, increasing poverty in the city. While many Whites began moving to the suburbs, Black residents mostly remained in the city. After all, Black... View Details
Keywords: by Dina Gerdeman; Apparel & Accessories
  • 11 Apr 2023
  • Research & Ideas

Is Amazon a Retailer, a Tech Firm, or a Media Company? How AI Can Help Investors Decide

descriptions from 10-K filings dynamically, weighting companies across 15 different “TOPICS” and three tiers. The study, published in February, found that long-short equity portfolios designed using the TOPICS classification approach... View Details
Keywords: by Danielle Kost; Consumer Products; Real Estate; Financial Services; Retail
  • 16 Jul 2020
  • Research & Ideas

Restaurant Revolution: How the Industry Is Fighting to Stay Alive

and 8 million employees out of work—three times the job losses seen by any other industry. While some restaurants began reopening in May and June, most featured only takeout, delivery, or outdoor dining options due to local restrictions.... View Details
Keywords: by Michael S. Kaufman, Lena G. Goldberg, and Jill Avery; Food & Beverage
  • 19 Jul 2017
  • Research & Ideas

Why Government 'Nudges' Motivate Good Citizen Behavior

merits of different policies,” Beshears says. “Doing so makes the case that nudges are often a particularly fruitful avenue to invest in.” Related Reading: The Business of Behavioral Economics 5 Weight Loss... View Details
Keywords: by Michael Blanding
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