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      • November 2022
      • Case

      GE: A New Way Forward?

      By: David J. Collis and Haisley Wert
      One of the most iconic American companies, General Electric (GE) was founded in 1892 in New York state. Named among the original dozen companies on the Dow Jones index in 1896, it was the list’s most tenacious holdout, maintaining its “blue chip” stock status for over... View Details
      Keywords: Strategy; GE; Conglomerate; Conglomerates; Corporate Strategy; Management; History; Leadership; Problems and Challenges; Change Management; Transformation; Strategic Planning; Value Creation; New York (state, US)
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      Collis, David J., and Haisley Wert. "GE: A New Way Forward?" Harvard Business School Case 723-373, November 2022.
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      How Do Investors Value ESG?

      By: Malcolm Baker, Mark Egan and Suproteem K. Sarkar
      Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) objectives have risen to near the top of the agenda for corporate executives and boards, driven in large part by their perceptions of shareholder interest. We quantify the value that shareholders place on ESG using a revealed... View Details
      Keywords: Investment; Investment Portfolio; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Business and Shareholder Relations; Environmental Sustainability; Governance; Financial Services Industry; United States
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      Baker, Malcolm, Mark Egan, and Suproteem K. Sarkar. "How Do Investors Value ESG?" NBER Working Paper Series, No. 30708, December 2022. (Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-028, November 2022.)
      • October 2022
      • Article

      It’s Not Just the Prices: Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing for Initiation of Veno-Venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation at Three International Sites—A Case Review

      By: Michael Nurok, Vin Pellegrino, Marc Pineton de Chambrun, Jonathan Warsh, Meredith Young, Erik Dong, Neil Parrish, Syed Shehab, Alain Combes and Robert S. Kaplan
      The United States spends more for intensive care units (ICUs) than do other high-income countries. We used time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC) to analyze ICU costs for initiation of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for respiratory failure to estimate... View Details
      Keywords: Healthcare; Cost; Time-Driven ABC; Health Care and Treatment; Cost Management; Activity Based Costing and Management; Health Industry
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      Nurok, Michael, Vin Pellegrino, Marc Pineton de Chambrun, Jonathan Warsh, Meredith Young, Erik Dong, Neil Parrish, Syed Shehab, Alain Combes, and Robert S. Kaplan. "It’s Not Just the Prices: Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing for Initiation of Veno-Venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation at Three International Sites—A Case Review." Anesthesia & Analgesia 135, no. 4 (October 2022): 711–718.
      • Article

      Recovering Investor Expectations from Demand for Index Funds

      By: Mark Egan, Alexander J. MacKay and Hanbin Yang
      We use a revealed-preference approach to estimate investor expectations of stock market returns. Using data on demand for index funds that follow the S&P 500, we develop and estimate a model of investor choice to flexibly recover the time-varying distribution of... View Details
      Keywords: Stock Market Expectations; Demand Estimation; Exchange-traded Funds (ETFs); Demand and Consumers; Investment
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      Egan, Mark, Alexander J. MacKay, and Hanbin Yang. "Recovering Investor Expectations from Demand for Index Funds." Review of Economic Studies 89, no. 5 (October 2022): 2559–2599.
      • 2022
      • White Paper

      The American Opportunity Index: A Corporate Scorecard of Worker Advancement

      By: Matt Sigelman, Joseph Fuller, Nik Dawson and Gad Levanon
      The American Opportunity Index: A Corporate Scorecard of Worker Advancement is a new effort to give companies and other stakeholders a set of robust tools that measure how well major employers are doing in fostering economic mobility for workers and how they could do... View Details
      Keywords: Upward Mobility; Career Advancement; Personal Development and Career; Compensation and Benefits; Employees; Wages; Human Capital; Recruitment
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      Sigelman, Matt, Joseph Fuller, Nik Dawson, and Gad Levanon. "The American Opportunity Index: A Corporate Scorecard of Worker Advancement." White Paper, Burning Glass Institute, October 2022 (A joint project with Harvard Business School Project on Managing the Future of Work and Schultz Family Foundation.)
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Hidden Alpha

      By: Manuel Amman, Alexander Cochardt, Lauren Cohen and Stephan Heller
      This paper documents the central role of hidden connections between fund managers and firm officers in financial markets, drawing on an extensive dataset of over 100 thousand manually identified Facebook profiles and their 35 million Facebook friends. Our findings... View Details
      Keywords: Returns; Investment Return; Networks
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      Amman, Manuel, Alexander Cochardt, Lauren Cohen, and Stephan Heller. "Hidden Alpha." Working Paper, 2024. (Winner of the 2022 Chicago Quantitative Alliance Academic Paper Competition. First Prize presented by Chicago Quantitative Alliance. Winner of the Institute for Quantitative Investment Research (INQUIRE) Grant, 2023.)
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      Social Protection and Social Distancing During the Pandemic: Mobile Money Transfers in Ghana

      By: Dean Karlan, Matt Lowe, Robert Osei, Isaac Osei-Akoto, Benjamin N. Roth and Christopher Udry
      We study the impact of mobile money transfers to a representative sample of low-income Ghanaians during the COVID-19 pandemic. The announcement of the upcoming transfers affects neither consumption, well-being, nor social distancing. Once disbursed,... View Details
      Keywords: Social Distancing; Social Welfare; Economic Relief; Health Pandemics; Poverty
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      Karlan, Dean, Matt Lowe, Robert Osei, Isaac Osei-Akoto, Benjamin N. Roth, and Christopher Udry. "Social Protection and Social Distancing During the Pandemic: Mobile Money Transfers in Ghana." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-010, July 2022. (Revise and Resubmit, Journal of Development Economics.)
      • February 2022
      • Case

      Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi

      By: Linda A. Hill and Emily Tedards
      In 2006, the Cleveland Clinic and Mubadala Investment Company partnered with a bold ambition to deliver world class healthcare in the United Arab Emirates. In 2015, after nearly a decade of planning and construction, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi opened its doors. By... View Details
      Keywords: Organizational Behavior; Culture; Alignment; Organizational Effectiveness; Purpose; Impact; Leadership Development; Diversity; Collaboration; Co-creation; Learning Organizations; Empowerment; Teams; Team Dynamics; Teamwork; Team Effectiveness; Trust; Talent; Talent Development And Retention; Psychological Safety; Organizational Evolution; Coaching; Board; Analytics; Innovation; Data; Data Visualization; Digital Technology; Digital; Customer Experience; Experimentation; Change Management; Data-driven Decision-making; Debates; Ecosystem; Partnership; Telemedicine; Sustainability; Global Organizations; Local; Hospital; Healthcare; United Arab Emirates; Health Care and Treatment; Partners and Partnerships; Globalization; Quality; Organizational Culture; Mission and Purpose; Innovation and Management; Information Technology; Joint Ventures; Leadership; Performance Effectiveness; Abu Dhabi; United Arab Emirates
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      Hill, Linda A., and Emily Tedards. "Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi." Harvard Business School Case 422-058, February 2022.
      • February 2022
      • Case

      Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi (Abridged)

      By: Linda A. Hill and Emily Tedards
      In 2006, the Cleveland Clinic and Mubadala Investment Company partnered with a bold ambition to deliver world class healthcare in the United Arab Emirates. In 2015, after nearly a decade of planning and construction, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi opened its doors. By... View Details
      Keywords: Organization Behavior; Culture; Alignment; Organizational Effectiveness; Purpose; Impact; Leadership Development; Diversity; Collaboration; Co-creation; Learning Organizations; Empowerment; Teams; Team Dynamics; Teamwork; Team Effectiveness; Trust; Talent; Talent Development And Retention; Psychological Safety; Organizational Evolution; Coaching; Board; Analytics; Innovation; Data; Data Visualization; Digital Technology; Digital; Customer Experience; Experimentation; Change Management; Data-driven Decision-making; Debates; Ecosystem; Partnership; Telemedicine; Sustainability; Global Organizations; Local; Hospital; Healthcare; United Arab Emirates; Health Care and Treatment; Partners and Partnerships; Globalization; Quality; Organizational Culture; Mission and Purpose; Innovation and Management; Information Technology; Joint Ventures; Leadership; Performance Effectiveness; Abu Dhabi; United Arab Emirates
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      Hill, Linda A., and Emily Tedards. "Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi (Abridged)." Harvard Business School Case 422-056, February 2022.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Threat and Assimilation: Evidence from Refugees in Germany

      By: Philipp Jaschke, Sulin Sardoschau and Marco Tabellini
      This paper studies the effects of local threat on the cultural assimilation and economic integration of refugees, exploiting plausibly exogenous variation in their allocation across German regions between 2013 and 2016. We use representative survey data and... View Details
      Keywords: Assimilation; Threat Hypothesis; Migration; Cultural Change; Refugees; Culture; Identity; Germany
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      Jaschke, Philipp, Sulin Sardoschau, and Marco Tabellini. "Threat and Assimilation: Evidence from Refugees in Germany." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-043, December 2021. (Revised January 2025. Revise and resubmit at the Economic Journal. Also available from NBER, and featured on Le Monde.)
      • October 2021 (Revised May 2023)
      • Case

      Engine No. 1: An Impact Investing Firm Engages with ExxonMobil

      By: Mark Kramer, Shawn Cole, Vikram S. Gandhi and T. Robert Zochowski
      ExxonMobil, the world's fifth largest source of carbon emissions, remained committed to aggressively expanding its oil & gas business despite global warming. During the COVID pandemic this strategy resulted in massive losses as the price and demand for oil declined. ... View Details
      Keywords: Carbon Emissions; Global Warming; Impact Investment Funds; Hedge Fund Activism; Leadership Development; Business Model; Renewable Energy; Resource Allocation; Decision Choices and Conditions; Governing and Advisory Boards
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      Kramer, Mark, Shawn Cole, Vikram S. Gandhi, and T. Robert Zochowski. "Engine No. 1: An Impact Investing Firm Engages with ExxonMobil." Harvard Business School Case 222-028, October 2021. (Revised May 2023.)
      • Article

      A Cost Comparison of Cataract Surgeries in Three Countries—United States, India, and Nepal

      By: Jiayin Xue, John Hinkle, Mary-Grace Reeves, Luo Luo Zheng, Vengadesan Natarajan, Shyam Vyas, Radhika Upreti Oli, Matt Oliva, Robert S. Kaplan, Arnold Milstein, Geoff Tabin, Jeffrey L. Goldberg and Kevin Schulman
      U.S.-based cataract surgeries are costly compared with those performed in high-quality Indian and Nepalese eye centers. The authors used time-driven activity-based costing to evaluate phacoemulsification surgery across four sites: a U.S.-based academic hospital... View Details
      Keywords: Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing; Cost Accounting; Health Care and Treatment; Health Industry; India; Nepal; United States
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      Xue, Jiayin, John Hinkle, Mary-Grace Reeves, Luo Luo Zheng, Vengadesan Natarajan, Shyam Vyas, Radhika Upreti Oli, Matt Oliva, Robert S. Kaplan, Arnold Milstein, Geoff Tabin, Jeffrey L. Goldberg, and Kevin Schulman. "A Cost Comparison of Cataract Surgeries in Three Countries—United States, India, and Nepal." NEJM Catalyst Innovations in Care Delivery 2, no. 9 (September 2021).
      • 2021
      • Article

      How Top Managers Use the Entrepreneurial Gap to Drive Strategic Change

      By: Robert L. Simons and Antonio Davila
      Prior research provides strong evidence for the association between business strategy and the design and use of management control systems. We complement this research by examining the role of management control systems in situations of strategic change. We report the... View Details
      Keywords: Management Control Systems; Accountability; Strategic Change; Organization Change And Adaptation; Organizational Performance; Management Systems; Organizational Structure; Corporate Accountability; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Performance
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      Simons, Robert L., and Antonio Davila. "How Top Managers Use the Entrepreneurial Gap to Drive Strategic Change." European Accounting Review 30, no. 4 (2021): 583–609.
      • Article

      Targeting Weather Insurance Markets

      By: Anita Mukherjee, Shawn Cole and Jeremy Tobacman
      The suitability of insurance products often depends greatly on individual circumstances. This paper examines the challenges of heterogeneity in a relatively new product, weather‐indexed insurance. This index insurance product has been launched in over a dozen... View Details
      Keywords: Index Insurance; Labor Markets; Self-insurance; Self-protection; Weather; Insurance; Markets; Household; Risk Management
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      Mukherjee, Anita, Shawn Cole, and Jeremy Tobacman. "Targeting Weather Insurance Markets." Journal of Risk and Insurance 88, no. 3 (September 2021): 757–784.
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      The Changing Role of Business in Society

      By: Michael E. Porter
      Business interaction with the U.S. government, historically based on securing industry or company special interests at the expense of the public good, has enabled and furthered government dysfunction. Gridlock within the American political system has precluded the... View Details
      Keywords: Politics; Shared Value; Social Progress Index; Competitiveness; Walmart; BlackRock; ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) Performance; ESG; Transparency; Campaign Contributions; Campaign Finance; Lobbying; Revolving Door; Political Ideology; Political Parties; Political Partisanship; Government And Business; Government Innovation; Elections; Democracy; Capitalism; Stakeholder Capitalism; Shareholder Engagement; Competition; Strategy; Government and Politics; Society; Social Issues; Human Needs; Wealth and Poverty; Business and Community Relations; Business and Government Relations; Corporate Accountability; Financial Services Industry; Banking Industry; United States
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      Porter, Michael E. "The Changing Role of Business in Society." Working Paper, July 2021.
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      Going by the Book: Valuation Ratios and Stock Returns

      By: Ki-Soon Choi, Eric So and Charles C.Y. Wang
      We study the use of firms’ book-to-market ratios (B/M) in value investing and its implications for comovements in firms’ stock returns and trading volumes. We show B/M has become increasingly detached from common alternative valuation ratios over time while also... View Details
      Keywords: Valuation Ratios; Book-to-market Ratios; Investment Return; Investment; Decision Making
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      Choi, Ki-Soon, Eric So, and Charles C.Y. Wang. "Going by the Book: Valuation Ratios and Stock Returns." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-126, May 2021.
      • November 2020
      • Article

      Tackling Youth Unemployment: Evidence from a Labor Market Experiment in Uganda

      By: Livia Alfonsi, Oriana Bandiera, Vittorio Bassi, Robin Burgess, Imran Rasul, Munshi Sulaiman and Anna Vitali
      We design a labor market experiment to compare demand- and supply-side policies to tackle youth unemployment, a key issue in low-income countries. The experiment tracks 1700 workers and 1500 firms over four years to compare the effect of offering workers either... View Details
      Keywords: Employment; Training; Competency and Skills; Developing Countries and Economies
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      Alfonsi, Livia, Oriana Bandiera, Vittorio Bassi, Robin Burgess, Imran Rasul, Munshi Sulaiman, and Anna Vitali. "Tackling Youth Unemployment: Evidence from a Labor Market Experiment in Uganda." Econometrica 88, no. 6 (November 2020): 2369–2414.
      • April 2020
      • Article

      Field Comparisons of Incentive-Compatible Preference Elicitation Techniques

      By: Shawn A. Cole, A. Nilesh Fernando, Daniel Stein and Jeremy Tobacman
      Knowledge of consumer demand is important for firms, policy makers, and economists. One common tool for incentive-compatible demand elicitation, the Becker-DeGroot-Marschak (BDM) mechanism, has been widely used in laboratory settings but rarely evaluated for... View Details
      Keywords: Incentive-compatible Elicitation; Experimental Methods; Weather Insurance; Rainfall Insurance; Agricultural Extension; Demand and Consumers
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      Cole, Shawn A., A. Nilesh Fernando, Daniel Stein, and Jeremy Tobacman. "Field Comparisons of Incentive-Compatible Preference Elicitation Techniques." Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 172 (April 2020): 33–56.
      • March 2020
      • Article

      Governance Through Shame and Aspiration: Index Creation and Corporate Behavior

      By: Akash Chattopadhyay, Matthew D. Shaffer and Charles C.Y. Wang
      After decades of deprioritizing shareholders' economic interests and low corporate profitability, Japan introduced the JPX-Nikkei400 in 2014. The index highlighted the country's "best-run" companies by annually selecting the 400 most profitable of its large and liquid... View Details
      Keywords: JPX-Nikkei 400 Index; Status Incentives; Return On Equity; Capital Efficiency; Social Norms; Index Inclusion; Reputation Incentives; Motivation and Incentives; Corporate Governance; Behavior; Investment Return; Status and Position; Japan
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      Chattopadhyay, Akash, Matthew D. Shaffer, and Charles C.Y. Wang. "Governance Through Shame and Aspiration: Index Creation and Corporate Behavior." Journal of Financial Economics 135, no. 3 (March 2020): 704–724.
      • 2020
      • Chapter

      Health Care Markets a Decade After the ACA: Bigger, but Probably Not Better

      By: Leemore S. Dafny
      Love it or hate it, the Affordable Care Act (ACA) embraced and extended the role of private markets in financing and delivering health care in the United States. Ten years after the ACA’s passage, it is unclear whether health care markets are better (along a range of... View Details
      Keywords: Health Care and Treatment; Markets; Laws and Statutes; Outcome or Result; Health Industry; United States
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      Dafny, Leemore S. "Health Care Markets a Decade After the ACA: Bigger, but Probably Not Better." Chap. 15 in The Trillion Dollar Revolution: How the Affordable Care Act Transformed Politics, Law, and Health Care in America, edited by Ezekiel J. Emanuel and Abbe R. Gluck. New York: PublicAffairs, 2020.
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