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      • Faculty Publications  (1,175)

      China In AfricaRemove China In Africa →

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      • January 2025
      • Case

      Untapped Global: Financing Africa's Missing Middle

      By: Raymond Kluender and Emanuele Colonnelli
      In November 2024, Jim Chu, founder and CEO of Untapped Global, faced mounting internal tensions over the company’s strategic direction. Untapped had developed a data-driven revenue-based financing (RBF) model to address the “missing middle” problem—the $5.2 trillion... View Details
      Keywords: Social Entrepreneurship; Venture Capital; Working Capital; Private Equity; Financial Strategy; Microfinance; International Finance; Currency Exchange Rate; Profit Sharing; Revenue; Developing Countries and Economies; Economic Growth; Emerging Markets; Mission and Purpose; Small Business; Entrepreneurial Finance; Banking Industry; Financial Services Industry; Information Technology Industry; Technology Industry; Africa; Nigeria; South Africa; Kenya; Uganda; California; San Francisco
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      Kluender, Raymond, and Emanuele Colonnelli. "Untapped Global: Financing Africa's Missing Middle." Harvard Business School Case 825-056, January 2025.
      • January 2025 (Revised February 2025)
      • Background Note

      A High-Tech Revolution with Chinese Characteristics: China's Drive Towards EV Supremacy

      By: William C. Kirby, Daniel Fu and Matthew Ngai
      This background note explains and documents the rise of China's EV industry. Moreover, it identifies the challenges facing it and posits several questions about the decisions needed to be made to sustain the industry's global dominance. Would Chinese producers be able... View Details
      Keywords: State Capitalism; Electric Vehicles; Tesla; Renewable Energy; Global Strategy; Taxation; Technological Innovation; Industry Growth; Competition; Auto Industry; China; United States; Japan; European Union
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      Kirby, William C., Daniel Fu, and Matthew Ngai. "A High-Tech Revolution with Chinese Characteristics: China's Drive Towards EV Supremacy." Harvard Business School Background Note 325-073, January 2025. (Revised February 2025.)
      • January 2025
      • Case

      PayJoy: Financing for the Next Billion

      By: Boris Groysberg and Sarah L. Abbott
      PayJoy, an impact-driven financial technology company founded in 2015, provides smartphone financing and other financial products to customers who lack access to traditional credit products. As of early 2025, PayJoy had issued $2.5 billion in loans to 13 million... View Details
      Keywords: Social Impact; Fintech; Underbanked; Algorithm; Data Analysis; Technology; Business Startups; Business Model; Growth and Development; Information Technology; Social Enterprise; Developing Countries and Economies; Credit; Mission and Purpose; Entrepreneurship; Financing and Loans; Financial Services Industry; Technology Industry; South America; South Africa; Asia; Latin America; Africa; Southeast Asia
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      Groysberg, Boris, and Sarah L. Abbott. "PayJoy: Financing for the Next Billion." Harvard Business School Case 425-036, January 2025.
      • January 2025
      • Case

      COMAC - Chinese Aviation Soars to New Heights

      By: William C. Kirby and Daniel Fu
      COMAC's C919 manifested the first challenge to the Boeing-Airbus duopoly since it came to dominate aircraft manufacturing in the 1990s. Beijing sought to export the C919 abroad in its quest to become a "transportation superpower." Was it a wise decision for COMAC to... View Details
      Keywords: Aviation; Boeing; Airbus; Aircraft; State-owned Enterprise (SOE); Chinese Manufacturing; Airline Industry; Airports; Global Strategy; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Duopoly and Oligopoly; Supply Chain; Expansion; Aerospace Industry; China; United States; Europe
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      Kirby, William C., and Daniel Fu. "COMAC - Chinese Aviation Soars to New Heights." Harvard Business School Case 325-074, January 2025.
      • January 2025
      • Case

      Driving Efficiency and Sustainability at P&G China

      By: Feng Zhu, Philip Kuai and Billy Chan
      P&G China’s business had reached new heights thanks to the explosive growth of e-commerce in the country, but the rapidly increasing volume of shipments to customers had created operational and environmental challenges in terms of packaging waste, shipping damage, and... View Details
      Keywords: Transformation; Customer Value and Value Chain; Environmental Sustainability; E-commerce; Logistics; Product Design; Value Creation; Order Taking and Fulfillment; Supply Chain Management; Consumer Products Industry; China
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      Zhu, Feng, Philip Kuai, and Billy Chan. "Driving Efficiency and Sustainability at P&G China." Harvard Business School Case 625-077, January 2025.
      • December 2024
      • Case

      Tencent Games

      By: Rebecca Karp, Billy Chan and Nancy Hua Dai
      For years, Tencent Games, a division of China’s largest internet company, had taken the lion’s share of revenue in the global gaming market with blockbuster titles such as “League of Legends” and “PUBG: Battlegrounds.” These games defined the game genres that they... View Details
      Keywords: Decisions; Games, Gaming, and Gambling; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Innovation and Management; Innovation Strategy; Growth and Development Strategy; Product Development; Organizational Culture; Business Strategy; Investment; Competitive Strategy; Video Game Industry; Europe; China
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      Karp, Rebecca, Billy Chan, and Nancy Hua Dai. "Tencent Games." Harvard Business School Case 725-411, December 2024.
      • December 2024
      • Case

      Yum China: People First

      By: David E. Bell, Shu Lin and Nancy Dai
      Joey Wat, CEO of Yum China Holdings, Inc., which operated KFC, Pizza Hut, and Taco Bell in mainland China, oversaw KFC’s milestone as the first Western quick-service chain in China to surpass 10,000 stores, with Pizza Hut exceeding 3,000 locations. This expansion was... View Details
      Keywords: Growth and Development Strategy; Franchise Ownership; Performance Efficiency; Expansion; Employees; Food and Beverage Industry; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; China
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      Bell, David E., Shu Lin, and Nancy Dai. "Yum China: People First." Harvard Business School Case 525-038, December 2024.
      • November 2024
      • Background Note

      Social Enterprise in the MENA Region

      By: Brian Trelstad and Ahmed Dahawy
      This research note provides an overview of the socio-economic landscape of social enterprise in the Middle East and North Africa. It highlights the diversity of players in the region including social enterprise organizations (in their many forms) and supporting... View Details
      Keywords: MENA; Non-Governmental Organizations; Nonprofit Organizations; Civil Society or Community; Social Issues; Diasporas; Social Entrepreneurship; Cultural Entrepreneurship; Environmental Sustainability; Geographic Scope; Health Care and Treatment; Philanthropy and Charitable Giving; Business and Community Relations; Business and Government Relations; Social and Collaborative Networks; Demographics; Health Industry; Service Industry; Tourism Industry; Egypt; Morocco; North Africa; Tunisia; Jordan; Lebanon; Saudi Arabia; United Arab Emirates; Dubai; Middle East
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      Trelstad, Brian, and Ahmed Dahawy. "Social Enterprise in the MENA Region." Harvard Business School Background Note 325-041, November 2024.
      • November 2024
      • Case

      AlphaGo (A): Birth of a New Intelligence

      By: Shikhar Ghosh and Shweta Bagai
      This case, the first of a three-part series, traces DeepMind's evolution from its 2010 founding through its acquisition by Google in 2014. Often referred to as the "Apollo project" of artificial intelligence, DeepMind used games as a testing ground to develop AI... View Details
      Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Technology Adoption; Games, Gaming, and Gambling; Technological Innovation; Creativity; Technology Industry; South Korea; China; United States
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      Ghosh, Shikhar, and Shweta Bagai. "AlphaGo (A): Birth of a New Intelligence." Harvard Business School Case 825-073, November 2024.
      • November 2024
      • Supplement

      AlphaGo (B): Birth of a New Intelligence

      By: Shikhar Ghosh and Shweta Bagai
      This case, the second in a three-part series, explores DeepMind's evolution from developing game-specific AI to more generalized learning systems. Following AlphaGo's 2017 victory over the Go world champion, DeepMind introduced two revolutionary systems that eliminated... View Details
      Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Games, Gaming, and Gambling; Technological Innovation; Disruptive Innovation; Innovation Leadership; Information Technology Industry; United States; Russia; China
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      Ghosh, Shikhar, and Shweta Bagai. "AlphaGo (B): Birth of a New Intelligence." Harvard Business School Supplement 825-074, November 2024.
      • November 2024 (Revised April 2025)
      • Case

      Cheerful Music

      By: Shunyuan Zhang, Feng Zhu and Nancy Hua Dai
      Established by Snow Jiang in 2019 in Shenzhen, China, Cheerful Music was a record label company that had created many hit songs in China. “Yi Xiao Jiang Hu,” its most famous hit song, gained billions of views on social media platforms in China and overseas as the... View Details
      Keywords: Generative Ai; Music Entertainment; Global Strategy; Business Model; AI and Machine Learning; Market Entry and Exit; Music Industry; China; United Kingdom; London
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      Zhang, Shunyuan, Feng Zhu, and Nancy Hua Dai. "Cheerful Music." Harvard Business School Case 525-031, November 2024. (Revised April 2025.)
      • November 2024
      • Case

      Innovation at Master Kong Beverages

      By: David E. Bell and Shu Lin
      Hong-Chen Wei (HBS MBA 2014), Chairman of KSF Beverage Holding Co., Ltd. (KSFB), was steering the company toward the premium segment with the launch of “InheriTea,” a premium, sugar-free tea product. Traditionally, KSFB’s flagship brand, Master Kong, catered to the... View Details
      Keywords: Consumer Behavior; Trends; Behavior; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Product Launch; Product Development; Segmentation; Organizational Culture; Product Positioning; Food and Beverage Industry; Consumer Products Industry; Retail Industry; Manufacturing Industry; Asia; China
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      Bell, David E., and Shu Lin. "Innovation at Master Kong Beverages." Harvard Business School Case 525-037, November 2024.
      • October 2024 (Revised December 2024)
      • Case

      Kering Eyewear

      By: Rohit Deshpandé, Dante Roscini and Elena Corsi
      In June 2024, Roberto Vedovotto, CEO of Kering Eyewear, prepared to discuss the future of the recently acquired brands LINDBERG, a Danish optical eyewear brand, and Maui Jim, an American sunglasses brand. Vedovotto founded Kering Eyewear in 2014, convincing... View Details
      Keywords: Marketing Strategy; Brands and Branding; Product Marketing; Mergers and Acquisitions; Business or Company Management; Growth and Development Strategy; Luxury; Fashion Industry; Apparel and Accessories Industry; Consumer Products Industry; Italy; Europe; China
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      Deshpandé, Rohit, Dante Roscini, and Elena Corsi. "Kering Eyewear." Harvard Business School Case 525-027, October 2024. (Revised December 2024.)
      • October 2024 (Revised April 2025)
      • Case

      Nvidia

      By: Andy Wu and Matt Higgins
      This case study examines Nvidia's strategic pivot from gaming GPUs to becoming a leader in general-purpose computing and AI. It explores how Nvidia leveraged its GPU architecture to dominate the growing fields of data center acceleration and AI training, outpacing... View Details
      Keywords: Strategy; Technological Innovation; AI and Machine Learning; Product Development; Manufacturing Industry; Technology Industry; Electronics Industry; United States; China; Taiwan
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      Wu, Andy, and Matt Higgins. "Nvidia." Harvard Business School Case 725-383, October 2024. (Revised April 2025.)
      • October 2024
      • Background Note

      The Semiconductor Industry

      By: Andy Wu, Steve Blank and Matt Higgins
      The semiconductor industry powers modern technology, from consumer electronics to data centers. This background note explores the layers of the semiconductor inudstry value chain, including Integrated Device Manufacturers (IDMs), fabless companies, and foundries, while... View Details
      Keywords: Strategy; Supply Chain; Product Design; Customer Value and Value Chain; Manufacturing Industry; Technology Industry; Semiconductor Industry; United States; China; Taiwan
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      Wu, Andy, Steve Blank, and Matt Higgins. "The Semiconductor Industry." Harvard Business School Background Note 725-398, October 2024.
      • 2024
      • Chapter

      What Future for the Renminbi in the Global Monetary System?

      By: Edoardo Campanella and Meg Rithmire
      What is a realistic and positive outcome for US-China relations in the realm of global finance over the next ten years? While some policymakers, especially in the US, have feared that China holds ambitions for the renminbi (RMB) to replace the dollar as a global... View Details
      Keywords: International Relations; Currency; Macroeconomics; Globalized Economies and Regions; China; United States
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      Campanella, Edoardo, and Meg Rithmire. "What Future for the Renminbi in the Global Monetary System?" Chap. 7 in U.S.-China Relations for the 2030s: Toward a Realistic Scenario for Coexistence, edited by Chris Chivvis, C. Fred Bergsten, Edoardo Campanella, John Culver, Rosemary Foot, M. Taylor Fravel, Eric Heginbotham, Evan S. Medeiros, Meg Rithmire, George Perkovich, Stephen M. Walt, Stephen Wertheim, and Audrye Wong, 67–78. Washington D.C.: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2024.
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Case Studies of the Emulation of Chinese Entrepreneurial Business Models

      By: Josh Lerner, Junxi Liu, Jacob Moscona and David Yang
      This working paper presents four short case studies of emerging market businesses whose founders emulated Chinese firms. These examples are part of a more systematic pattern, documented extensively in Lerner et al. (2024), in which businesses developed in China were... View Details
      Keywords: Emerging Markets; Business Ventures
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      Lerner, Josh, Junxi Liu, Jacob Moscona, and David Yang. "Case Studies of the Emulation of Chinese Entrepreneurial Business Models." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-017, September 2024.
      • October 2024
      • Teaching Note

      Taiwan After Globalization: Twilight of the Developmental State?

      By: Debora L. Spar and Julia M. Comeau
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 324-032. In the last 70 years, the small island of Taiwan has achieved what many believe to be a “miracle”: its economy has grown at a record-setting pace, driven and guided by one of the world's most successful set of industrial... View Details
      Keywords: Economic Growth; Economic Slowdown and Stagnation; Trade; Policy; Government and Politics; Globalized Economies and Regions; Semiconductor Industry; Technology Industry; Taiwan; China; Asia; United States
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      Spar, Debora L., and Julia M. Comeau. "Taiwan After Globalization: Twilight of the Developmental State?" Harvard Business School Teaching Note 325-057, October 2024.
      • September 2024 (Revised May 2025)
      • Case

      Carrie Wang: Choosing Between the Family Firm and the Family Spirit

      By: Lauren Cohen, Fei Wu and Sophia Pan
      Carrie Wang, Investment Head of the Wang’s single-family office, contemplated her next career steps. As one of the first businessmen who had risen from China’s industrial rise, her father had grown his wealth to a considerable level, eventually requesting that his... View Details
      Keywords: Family Office; Interests Of Consumers; Family Business; Business Growth and Maturation; Financial Management; Financial Strategy; Financial Markets; Investment Portfolio; Investment Return; Private Equity; Customer Relationship Management; Interests; Reputation; Work-Life Balance; Real Estate Industry; China
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      Cohen, Lauren, Fei Wu, and Sophia Pan. "Carrie Wang: Choosing Between the Family Firm and the Family Spirit." Harvard Business School Case 225-031, September 2024. (Revised May 2025.)
      • September 2024
      • Case

      InfraCredit and the Project Inception Facility

      By: John Macomber, Namrata Arora and Maagatha Kalavadakken
      Around the world, large infrastructure projects are frequently stymied by the high cost and high uncertainty of the project inception phase: the research and engineering and planning prior to financial close and start of construction. Could there be a new kind of... View Details
      Keywords: Infrastructure; Financial Institutions; Financial Instruments; Cost; Cash Flow; Capital; Assets; Financial Markets; Financial Strategy; Insurance; Energy; Product Development; Risk and Uncertainty; Business Strategy; Credit; Financial Services Industry; Energy Industry; Banking Industry; Africa; Nigeria
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      Macomber, John, Namrata Arora, and Maagatha Kalavadakken. "InfraCredit and the Project Inception Facility." Harvard Business School Case 225-027, September 2024.
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