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      • Faculty Publications  (436)

      Equality and InequalityRemove Equality and Inequality →

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      • May 2015
      • Teaching Note

      The United Kingdom and the Means to Prosperity

      By: Laura Alfaro, Lakshmi Iyer and Hilary White
      After struggling through the country's longest recession since 2008, the U.K. was expected to grow faster than any other G7 nation in 2014. Analysts wondered whether the return to growth was because, or in spite of, Prime Minister David Cameron's controversial £113... View Details
      Keywords: United Kingdom; Austerity; Fiscal Deficits; Fiscal Policy; Keynesian Multiplier; Government; Government Policy; Recessions; Depression; Inequality; Government Intervention In The Markets; Stagnation; Public Finance; Economics; Macroeconomics; Government Administration; Business and Government Relations; Economic Growth; Economic Slowdown and Stagnation; Public Sector; Economy; Financial Crisis; Taxation; Government and Politics; United Kingdom
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      Alfaro, Laura, Lakshmi Iyer, and Hilary White. "The United Kingdom and the Means to Prosperity." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 715-055, May 2015.
      • 2015
      • Book

      MOVE: Putting America's Infrastructure Back in the Lead

      By: Rosabeth M. Kanter
      Americans are stuck. We live with travel delays on congested roads; shipping delays on clogged railways; and delays on repairs, project approvals, and funding due to gridlocked leadership. These delays affect us all, whether you are a daily commuter, a frequent flyer,... View Details
      Keywords: United States; Railroad History; Airlines; Airline Industry; Air Transportation; Passenger Transportation; Cities; Urban Planning; Freighting; Change; Leadership; Public Policy; Change Leadership; Public Finance; Infrastructure; Policy; Technological Innovation; Change Management; Leading Change; Urban Development; Project Finance; Entrepreneurship; City; Transportation; Transportation Industry; Shipping Industry; Rail Industry; Air Transportation Industry; United States
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      Kanter, Rosabeth M. MOVE: Putting America's Infrastructure Back in the Lead. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2015.
      • May 2015 (Revised February 2016)
      • Case

      Business and Politics in the Age of Inequality

      By: Meg Rithmire and Julio J. Rotemberg
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      Rithmire, Meg, and Julio J. Rotemberg. "Business and Politics in the Age of Inequality." Harvard Business School Case 715-051, May 2015. (Revised February 2016.)
      • 2015
      • Working Paper

      Incentives versus Reciprocity: Insights from a Field Experiment

      By: Doug J. Chung and Das Narayandas
      We conduct a field experiment in which we vary the sales force compensation scheme at an Asian enterprise that sells consumer durable goods. With variation generated by the experimental treatments, we model sales force performance to identify the effectiveness of... View Details
      Keywords: Sales Force Compensation; Field Experiment; Heterogeneity; Loss Aversion; Reciprocity; Motivation and Incentives; Salesforce Management; Compensation and Benefits
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      Chung, Doug J., and Das Narayandas. "Incentives versus Reciprocity: Insights from a Field Experiment." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 15-084, April 2015. (Revised November 2015.)
      • 2015
      • Working Paper

      What Do Private Equity Firms Say They Do?

      By: Paul A. Gompers, Steven N. Kaplan and Vladimir Mukharlyamov
      We survey 79 private equity investors with combined assets under management (AUM) of over $750 billion about their practices in firm valuation, capital structure, governance, and value creation. Investors rely primarily on internal rate of return (IRR) and multiples to... View Details
      Keywords: Governance; Value Creation; Private Equity; Capital Structure; Valuation; Management Practices and Processes
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      Gompers, Paul A., Steven N. Kaplan, and Vladimir Mukharlyamov. "What Do Private Equity Firms Say They Do?" Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 15-081, April 2015.
      • Article

      How Elastic Are Preferences for Redistribution? Evidence from Randomized Survey Experiments

      By: Ilyana Kuziemko, Michael I. Norton, Emmanuel Saez and Stefanie Stantcheva
      We analyze randomized online survey experiments providing interactive, customized information on U.S. income inequality, the link between top income tax rates and economic growth, and the estate tax. The treatment has large effects on views about inequality but only... View Details
      Keywords: Income; Taxation; Economic Growth; United States
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      Kuziemko, Ilyana, Michael I. Norton, Emmanuel Saez, and Stefanie Stantcheva. "How Elastic Are Preferences for Redistribution? Evidence from Randomized Survey Experiments." American Economic Review 105, no. 4 (April 2015): 1478–1508.
      • Article

      Should Business Have Human Rights Obligations?

      By: Nien-he Hsieh
      Businesses and their managers are increasingly called upon to take on human rights obligations. Focusing on the case of multinational enterprises (MNEs), the paper argues we have reason to reject assigning human rights obligations to business enterprises and their... View Details
      Keywords: Human Rights; Ruggie Principles; Corporate Responsibility; Multinationals; Rights; Multinational Firms and Management; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact
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      Hsieh, Nien-he. "Should Business Have Human Rights Obligations?" Special Issue on Business and Human Rights. Journal of Human Rights 14, no. 2 (April–June 2015): 218–236.
      • February 2015 (Revised August 2019)
      • Case

      Equality of Opportunity and Outcome in the U.S.

      By: Matthew Weinzierl and Alastair Su
      Equality of opportunity is endorsed universally even though, or more likely because, it can mean such different things to different people. What definition of equality of opportunity ought to figure into policy decisions? How close, or far, is the United States from... View Details
      Keywords: Equality Of Opportunity; Justice; Opportunities; Equality and Inequality; Policy; United States
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      Weinzierl, Matthew, and Alastair Su. "Equality of Opportunity and Outcome in the U.S." Harvard Business School Case 715-028, February 2015. (Revised August 2019.)
      • January 2015
      • Background Note

      Note on Economic Inequality (2015)

      By: Clayton S. Rose and Aldo Sesia
      For over half a century, most of the world's economies have enjoyed steady growth and prosperity. However, beginning in the 1980s, and continuing essentially unabated to the present, the gap between the "haves" and the "have-nots" in developed countries has widened,... View Details
      Keywords: Economic Inequalty; Income Inequality; Growth and Development; Economics; Equality and Inequality; Society; Problems and Challenges; United States
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      Rose, Clayton S., and Aldo Sesia. "Note on Economic Inequality (2015)." Harvard Business School Background Note 315-050, January 2015.
      • January 2015 (Revised March 2015)
      • Case

      San Francisco, 2015 #tech #inequality

      By: Clayton Rose, Allison Ciechanover and Kunal Modi
      In December 2013 a group of angry protesters blocked one of the commuter buses provided by the large Silicon Valley firms (known as "Google buses") which was stopped in San Francisco on its way to the company's headquarters 40 miles south. The protests were a tangible... View Details
      Keywords: Income Inequality; Economic Inequalty; Technology; Silicon Valley; Income Characteristics; Equality and Inequality; Technology Industry; United States; California; San Francisco
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      Rose, Clayton, Allison Ciechanover, and Kunal Modi. "San Francisco, 2015 #tech #inequality." Harvard Business School Case 315-076, January 2015. (Revised March 2015.)
      • January 2015
      • Article

      Costly Third-party Punishment in Young Children

      By: Katherine McAuliffe, Jillian J. Jordan and Felix Warneken
      Human adults engage in costly third-party punishment of unfair behavior, but the developmental origins of this behavior are unknown. Here we investigate costly third-partypunishment in 5- and 6-year-old children. Participants were asked to accept (enact) or reject... View Details
      Keywords: Third-party Punishment; Inequity Aversion; Social Cognition; Cooperation; Fairness; Behavior
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      McAuliffe, Katherine, Jillian J. Jordan, and Felix Warneken. "Costly Third-party Punishment in Young Children." Cognition 134 (January 2015): 1–10.
      • December 2014 (Revised November 2015)
      • Case

      Governing the 'Chinese Dream': Corruption, Inequality and the Rule of Law

      By: Rafael Di Tella, Meg Rithmire and Kait Szydlowski
      Xi Jinping assumed his position as head of China's fifth generation of leaders in 2012. Xi was head of both the People's Republic of China and the Chinese Communist Party, which had ruled China since 1949. Xi inherited a country far more unequal than the one that Mao... View Details
      Keywords: China; Growth; Inequality; Wealth And Poverty; Social Stability; Perceptions Of Inequality; Chinese Dream; Chinese Political Thought; Corruption; Equality and Inequality; China
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      Di Tella, Rafael, Meg Rithmire, and Kait Szydlowski. "Governing the 'Chinese Dream': Corruption, Inequality and the Rule of Law." Harvard Business School Case 715-023, December 2014. (Revised November 2015.)
      • December 2014
      • Teaching Note

      Rick's Dilemma

      By: Arthur I Segel and Ben Eppler
      This is a teaching note designed to accompany the case "Rick's Dilemma." View Details
      Keywords: Land Markets; Finance; Inequality; Trusts; New York City; New York Property; Valuation Methodologies; Cap Rates; World Cities; Real Estate Industry; New York (city, NY)
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      Segel, Arthur I., and Ben Eppler. "Rick's Dilemma." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 215-039, December 2014.
      • December 2014
      • Article

      Rethink What You 'Know' about High-Achieving Women

      By: Robin Ely, Pamela Stone and Colleen Ammerman
      On the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the admission of women to Harvard Business School's MBA program, the authors, who have spent more than 20 years studying professional women, set out to learn what HBS graduates had to say about work and family and how their... View Details
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      Ely, Robin, Pamela Stone, and Colleen Ammerman. "Rethink What You 'Know' about High-Achieving Women." R1412G. Harvard Business Review 92, no. 12 (December 2014): 101–109.
      • Article

      The Not-So-Common-Wealth of Australia: Evidence for a Cross-Cultural Desire for a More Equal Distribution of Wealth.

      By: Michael I. Norton, David T. Neal, Cassandra L. Govan, Dan Ariely and Elise Holland
      Recent evidence suggests that Americans underestimate wealth inequality in the United States and favor a more equal wealth distribution (Norton & Ariely, 2011). Does this pattern reflect ideological dynamics unique to the United States, or is the phenomenon evident in... View Details
      Keywords: Wealth; Equality and Inequality; Australia; United States
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      Norton, Michael I., David T. Neal, Cassandra L. Govan, Dan Ariely, and Elise Holland. "The Not-So-Common-Wealth of Australia: Evidence for a Cross-Cultural Desire for a More Equal Distribution of Wealth." Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy 14, no. 1 (December 2014): 339–351.
      • October 2014
      • Article

      The Promise of Positive Optimal Taxation: Normative Diversity and a Role for Equal Sacrifice

      By: Matthew Weinzierl
      A prominent assumption in modern optimal tax research is that the objective of taxation is Utilitarian. I present new survey evidence that most people disagree with this assumption, preferring tax policies based at least in part on a classic alternative objective: the... View Details
      Keywords: Taxation; Theory
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      Weinzierl, Matthew. "The Promise of Positive Optimal Taxation: Normative Diversity and a Role for Equal Sacrifice." Journal of Public Economics 118 (October 2014): 128–142. (Also NBER Working Paper Series, No. 18599.)
      • September 2014 (Revised May 2015)
      • Case

      The United Kingdom and the Means to Prosperity

      By: Laura Alfaro, Lakshmi Iyer and Hilary White
      After struggling through the country's longest recession since 2008, the U.K. was expected to grow faster than any other G7 nation in 2014. Analysts wondered whether the return to growth was because, or in spite of, Prime Minister David Cameron's controversial £113... View Details
      Keywords: United Kingdom; Keynesian Multiplier; Inflation; Inflation Targeting; Government Spending; Government Intervention In The Markets; Monetary Policy; Financial Crisis Management; Austerity; Inequality; Public Finance; Government Finance; Macroeconomics; Economics; Government and Politics; Inflation and Deflation; Financial Crisis; Economic Slowdown and Stagnation; Economic Growth; Business Cycles; Welfare; United Kingdom
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      Alfaro, Laura, Lakshmi Iyer, and Hilary White. "The United Kingdom and the Means to Prosperity." Harvard Business School Case 715-008, September 2014. (Revised May 2015.)
      • September 2, 2014
      • Article

      Development of In-Group Favoritism in Children's Third-Party Punishment of Selfishness

      By: Jillian J. Jordan, Katherine McAuliffe and Felix Warneken
      When enforcing norms for cooperative behavior, human adults sometimes exhibit in-group bias. For example, third-party observers punish selfish behaviors committed by out-group members more harshly than similar behaviors committed by in-group members. Although evidence... View Details
      Keywords: Ontogeny; Cooperation; Equality and Inequality
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      Jordan, Jillian J., Katherine McAuliffe, and Felix Warneken. "Development of In-Group Favoritism in Children's Third-Party Punishment of Selfishness." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111, no. 35 (September 2, 2014): 12710–12715.
      • Article

      Getting the Most Out of Giving: Concretely Framing a Prosocial Goal Maximizes Happiness

      By: Melanie Rudd, Jennifer Aaker and Michael I. Norton
      Across six field and laboratory experiments, participants assigned a more concretely-framed prosocial goal (e.g., making someone smile or increasing recycling) felt happier and reported creating greater personal happiness after performing a goal-directed act of... View Details
      Keywords: Prosocial Behavior; Goal Framing; Affective Forecasting; Goals and Objectives; Happiness; Philanthropy and Charitable Giving
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      Rudd, Melanie, Jennifer Aaker, and Michael I. Norton. "Getting the Most Out of Giving: Concretely Framing a Prosocial Goal Maximizes Happiness." Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 54 (September 2014): 11–24.
      • Article

      How Much (More) Should CEOs Make? A Universal Desire for More Equal Pay

      By: Sorapop Kiatpongsan and Michael I. Norton
      Do people from different countries and different backgrounds have similar preferences for how much more the rich should earn than the poor? Using survey data from 40 countries (N = 55,238), we compare respondents' estimates of the wages of people in different... View Details
      Keywords: Inequality; Justice; Wage; Cross-cultural; Wages; Equality and Inequality; Fairness; Income; Employees; Management Teams; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues
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      Kiatpongsan, Sorapop, and Michael I. Norton. "How Much (More) Should CEOs Make? A Universal Desire for More Equal Pay." Perspectives on Psychological Science 9, no. 6 (November 2014): 587–593.
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