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  • October 16, 2019
  • Article

Where ESG Fails

By: Michael E. Porter, George Serafeim and Mark Kramer
We are entering a new stage of understanding of the linkage between investment performance and social impact. Previous approaches, such as socially responsible investing and environmental, social, and governance (ESG) screening, have obscured the opportunities for... View Details
Keywords: ESG; Sustainability; Environment; Social Impact; Impact Investing; ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) Performance; ESG Reporting; Shared Value; Environmental Sustainability; Social Issues; Investment; Value; Strategy
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Porter, Michael E., George Serafeim, and Mark Kramer. "Where ESG Fails." Institutional Investor (October 16, 2019).
  • Third Quarter 2018
  • Article

Why and How Investors Use ESG Information: Evidence from a Global Survey

By: Amir Amel-Zadeh and George Serafeim
Using survey data from a sample of senior investment professionals from mainstream (i.e., not SRI funds) investment organizations, we provide insights into why and how investors use reported environmental, social, and governance (ESG) information. Relevance to... View Details
Keywords: ESG; ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) Performance; Sustainability; Investment Management; Investment Strategy; Metrics; Standard Setting; Accounting Standards; Finance; Investment; Information; Environmental Sustainability; Governance; Performance Effectiveness; Strategy
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Amel-Zadeh, Amir, and George Serafeim. "Why and How Investors Use ESG Information: Evidence from a Global Survey." Financial Analysts Journal 74, no. 3 (Third Quarter 2018): 87–103.
  • March 2012 (Revised October 2012)
  • Case

Gary Hirshberg and Stonyfield Farm

By: Nancy F. Koehn, Nora N. Khan and Elizabeth W. Legris
Gary Hirshberg and Stonyfield Farm is the story of one entrepreneur's vision and journey to create a market-leading, environmentally responsible business founded on the principles of product quality, organizational alignment, and sustainability. A former environmental... View Details
Keywords: Entrepreneurs; Values; Development Stage Enterprises; Innovation; Management By Objective; Experimentation; Emerging Technologies; Mission and Purpose; Management Style; Values and Beliefs; Social Issues; Organizational Culture; Environmental Sustainability; Business Growth and Maturation; Entrepreneurship; Business Startups; Innovation and Invention; Food and Beverage Industry; New Hampshire
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Koehn, Nancy F., Nora N. Khan, and Elizabeth W. Legris. "Gary Hirshberg and Stonyfield Farm." Harvard Business School Case 312-122, March 2012. (Revised October 2012.)
  • March 1996 (Revised January 2002)
  • Case

Freeport Indonesia

By: Richard H.K. Vietor
In 1996, PT Freeport Indonesia, the mining subsidiary of Freeport McMoRan, had just completed an expansion of its copper and gold mine in the western half of New Guinea. The mine, which had dealt with numerous environmental and sociocultural problems over the past... View Details
Keywords: Trade; Mining; Environmental Sustainability; Business Strategy; Expansion; Social Issues; Mining Industry; Indonesia
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Vietor, Richard H.K. "Freeport Indonesia." Harvard Business School Case 796-124, March 1996. (Revised January 2002.)
  • 2022
  • Case

A Sweet Dilemma: Sourcing Palm Oil with Ferrero SpA and Nestlé

By: Andrew J. Hoffman
This case focuses on Ferrero SpA's sustainable palm oil sourcing strategy in light of its acquisition of Nestlé's U.S. confectionery brands, which in many ways does not comply with Ferrero's sustainable sourcing commitments. The case reviews Ferrero's rich family... View Details
Keywords: Environmental Sustainability; Supply Chain; Food and Beverage Industry
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Hoffman, Andrew J. "A Sweet Dilemma: Sourcing Palm Oil with Ferrero SpA and Nestlé." William Davidson Institute Case 7-951-326, 2022.
  • January 2021
  • Case

Rio Tinto Aluminum: Can Purpose Lead to Profit?

By: David Fubini and Agastya Muthanna
This case describes the tradeoffs Rio Tinto faces as it considers investments to ensure environmentally friendly, sustainability produced aluminum with the potential risks of competitive pricing and profit loses. View Details
Keywords: Environmental Sustainability; Investment; Price; Competition; Profit; Cost vs Benefits; Mining Industry
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Fubini, David, and Agastya Muthanna. "Rio Tinto Aluminum: Can Purpose Lead to Profit?" Harvard Business School Case 421-055, January 2021.
  • Research Summary

Overview

By: Robert S. Kaplan
Kaplan introduced time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC) to provide the cost component in Michael Porter's Value Based Health Care framework of delivering superior patient outcomes at lower societal cost. TDABC is becoming the global standard for health care... View Details
  • September 2013
  • Teaching Note

Gary Hirshberg and Stonyfield Farm

By: Nancy F. Koehn and Nora N. Khan

Gary Hirshberg and Stonyfield Farm is the story of one entrepreneur's vision and journey to create a market-leading, environmentally responsible business founded on the principles of product quality, organizational alignment and sustainability. A former... View Details

Keywords: Development Stage Enterprises; Entrepreneurs; Experimentation; Management By Objective; Technology; Values; Leadership; Entrepreneurship; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; United States
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Koehn, Nancy F., and Nora N. Khan. "Gary Hirshberg and Stonyfield Farm." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 314-019, September 2013.
  • 10 Oct 2005
  • Research & Ideas

Corporate Responsibility and the Environment: What is the Right Thing To Do?

sustainable basis? Should firms sacrifice profits for positive environmental impacts? And do firms at least sometimes behave this way? Striving to find authoritative insights into those questions, three Harvard faculty members hosted a... View Details
Keywords: by Manda Salls
  • March 2019 (Revised May 2019)
  • Case

Philips Lighting: Light-as-a-Service

By: Mark R. Kramer, Thijs Geradts and Bhanuteja Nadella
As LEDs with a 25-year lifespan replace incandescent lightbulbs, Philips Lighting faced major disruption and began to explore a new shared value business model of selling light as a service. Although it offers better profit margins and a reduced environmental... View Details
Keywords: Disruptive Innovation; Business Model; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Competitive Strategy
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Kramer, Mark R., Thijs Geradts, and Bhanuteja Nadella. "Philips Lighting: Light-as-a-Service." Harvard Business School Case 719-446, March 2019. (Revised May 2019.)
  • 2020
  • Case

Brightline: Targeting a Successful Future with High Speed Rail

By: Andrew J. Hoffman
High-speed rail (HSR) is a high-performance transportation technology that is time competitive with airplanes and automobiles, and is an environmentally preferable alternative due to its low carbon dioxide emissions. Brightline is a Florida HSR system in Phase II of... View Details
Keywords: Environmental Sustainability; Marketing Strategy; Segmentation; Transportation Industry
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Hoffman, Andrew J. "Brightline: Targeting a Successful Future with High Speed Rail." William Davidson Institute Case 2-982-867, 2020.
  • 2018
  • Book

Varieties of Green Business: Industries, Nations and Time

By: Geoffrey Jones
Published at a time of ever-increasing warnings that the pace of climate change and other environmental changes risk making the Earth unsustainable within our own lifetimes, this book looks at the past of green business to identify lessons for the future. It provides... View Details
Keywords: Green Business; Sustainability; Business History; Eco-tourism; Organic Wine; Organic Food; Waste Management; Sustainable Finance; Ethics; Finance; History; Entrepreneurship; Accommodations Industry; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Banking Industry; Energy Industry; Food and Beverage Industry; Green Technology Industry; Tourism Industry; Europe; Asia; Latin America; North and Central America; New Zealand
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Jones, Geoffrey. Varieties of Green Business: Industries, Nations and Time. Northamption, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2018.
  • December 2019 (Revised March 2020)
  • Case

Impossible Foods

By: Jose B. Alvarez and Natalie Kindred
Impossible Foods founder and CEO Pat Brown started the company out of concern over livestock production’s impact on climate change. Impossible’s mission is to end consumption of animals by 2035, and its strategy is to develop and market plant-based foods so similar to... View Details
Keywords: Agribusiness; Food; Consumer Behavior; Behavior; Venture Capital; Technological Innovation; Innovation Strategy; Entrepreneurship; Marketing Strategy; Distribution; Production; Product Development; Product Positioning; Growth Management; Global Strategy; Competition; Climate Change; Environmental Sustainability; Animal-Based Agribusiness; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Technology Industry; Food and Beverage Industry; Consumer Products Industry; United States; China; Asia; California; Hong Kong; Taiwan
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Alvarez, Jose B., and Natalie Kindred. "Impossible Foods." Harvard Business School Case 520-046, December 2019. (Revised March 2020.)
  • 23 Oct 2000
  • Research & Ideas

The Strategy-Focused Organization

illustrate how major organizations have used the Scorecard to create an entirely new performance management framework that puts strategy at the center of a company's key management processes and systems. Mobil North America Marketing and... View Details
Keywords: by Robert S. Kaplan & David P. Norton
  • 2010
  • Other Paper

Clear and Present Danger: Planning and New Venture Survival Amid Political and Civil Violence

By: Shon R. Hiatt and Wesley Sine
Prior strategy research is divided on the utility of new-venture planning. Some scholars argue that planning enhances new-firm performance and others make the opposite argument. This paper attempts to reconcile these contradictory views by exploring the extent of... View Details
Keywords: Business Startups; Entrepreneurship; Government and Politics; Success; Performance Effectiveness; Strategic Planning; Business and Government Relations; Colombia
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Hiatt, Shon R., and Wesley Sine. "Clear and Present Danger: Planning and New Venture Survival Amid Political and Civil Violence."
  • 16 Oct 2019
  • News

Where ESG Fails

  • October 2021
  • Article

Shareholder Activism and Firms' Voluntary Disclosure of Climate Change Risks

By: Caroline Flammer, Michael W. Toffel and Kala Viswanathan
This paper examines whether—in the absence of mandated disclosure requirements—shareholder activism can elicit greater disclosure of firms’ exposure to climate change risks. We find that environmental shareholder activism increases the voluntary disclosure of climate... View Details
Keywords: Transparency; Reporting; Shareholder Engagement; Shareholder Activism; Climate Change; Risk and Uncertainty; Environmental Management; Investment Activism; Corporate Disclosure; Communication Strategy; Information Publishing; Measurement and Metrics; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Problems and Challenges; United States
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Flammer, Caroline, Michael W. Toffel, and Kala Viswanathan. "Shareholder Activism and Firms' Voluntary Disclosure of Climate Change Risks." Strategic Management Journal 42, no. 10 (October 2021): 1850–1879. (Featured in Harvard Business Review.)
  • March 1999
  • Teaching Note

Conceptual Overview: "Business and the Environment," An Elective for MBA Students TN

By: Forest L. Reinhardt
Intended to assist faculty who teach courses on environmental management at business schools. Other people interested in the relationships between business and the environment may also find it useful. View Details
Keywords: Science-Based Business; Environmental Sustainability; Business Education; Theory
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Reinhardt, Forest L. Conceptual Overview: "Business and the Environment," An Elective for MBA Students TN. Harvard Business School Teaching Note 799-123, March 1999.
  • Research Summary

Overview

My research examines the processes, mechanisms and institutions that influence the effectiveness of organizational interactions between societal sectors (business, government and civil society).  My work is motivated by the belief that more study of what makes... View Details

  • July 8, 2013
  • Column

Greening Is Not Enough: 4 Steps to Corporate Leadership on Climate Change

By: Michael W. Toffel and Auden Schendler
Environmental sustainability usually means greening operations and products, but that's not nearly enough to stop climate change. Corporate leadership on climate change also requires urging action by governments, trade associations, and suppliers — and marketing these... View Details
Keywords: Leadership; Climate Change; Environmental Sustainability
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Toffel, Michael W., and Auden Schendler. "Greening Is Not Enough: 4 Steps to Corporate Leadership on Climate Change." Network for Business Sustainability, Thought Leaders (blog) (July 8, 2013). (Reprinted in Greenbiz.com July 9, 2013.)
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