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  • All HBS Web  (1,597)
    • News  (523)
    • Research  (575)
    • Events  (29)
    • Multimedia  (78)
  • Faculty Publications  (550)
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  • October 2018 (Revised September 2020)
  • Case

Testing Autonomy in Pittsburgh

By: Mitchell Weiss and Brittany Urick
Pittsburgh’s mayor had been among the first to welcome self-driving vehicles but was now one of many needing to react after a pedestrian fatality involving an autonomous Uber in Arizona. He had originally preferred to roll out “the red carpet” instead of the “red... View Details
Keywords: Public Entrepreneurship; Government Innovation; Government Experimentation; Autonomous Vehicles; Mayor; Mayor Peduto; Cities; Mobility; Automation; Uber; Argo Ai; Aurora Innovation; Aptiv; Entrepreneurship; Public Sector; Innovation and Invention; Transportation; City; Safety; Business and Government Relations; Transportation Industry; Auto Industry; United States; Pennsylvania; Pittsburgh
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Weiss, Mitchell, and Brittany Urick. "Testing Autonomy in Pittsburgh." Harvard Business School Case 819-059, October 2018. (Revised September 2020.)
  • Teaching Interest

Overview

Paul is primarily interested in teaching data science to management students through the case method. This includes technical topics (programming and statistics) as well as higher-level management issues (digital transformation, data governance, etc.) As a research... View Details
Keywords: A/B Testing; AI; AI Algorithms; AI Creativity; Algorithm; Algorithm Bias; Algorithmic Bias; Algorithmic Fairness; Algorithms; Analytics; Application Program Interface; Artificial Intelligence; Causality; Causal Inference; Computing; Computers; Data Analysis; Data Analytics; Data Architecture; Data As A Service; Data Centers; Data Governance; Data Labeling; Data Management; Data Manipulation; Data Mining; Data Ownership; Data Privacy; Data Protection; Data Science; Data Science And Analytics Management; Data Scientists; Data Security; Data Sharing; Data Strategy; Data Visualization; Database; Data-driven Decision-making; Data-driven Management; Data-driven Operations; Datathon; Economics Of AI; Economics Of Innovation; Economics Of Information System; Economics Of Science; Forecast; Forecast Accuracy; Forecasting; Forecasting And Prediction; Information Technology; Machine Learning; Machine Learning Models; Prediction; Prediction Error; Predictive Analytics; Predictive Models; Analysis; AI and Machine Learning; Analytics and Data Science; Applications and Software; Digital Transformation; Information Management; Digital Strategy; Technology Adoption
  • January 2024 (Revised February 2024)
  • Case

Data-Driven Denim: Financial Forecasting at Levi Strauss

By: Mark Egan
The case examines Levi Strauss’ journey in implementing machine learning and AI into its financial forecasting process. The apparel company partnered with the IT company Wipro in 2017 to develop a machine learning algorithm that could help Levi Strauss forecast its... View Details
Keywords: Investor Relations; Forecasting; Machine Learning; Artificial Intelligence; Apparel; Corporate Finance; Forecasting and Prediction; AI and Machine Learning; Digital Transformation; Apparel and Accessories Industry; United States
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Egan, Mark. "Data-Driven Denim: Financial Forecasting at Levi Strauss." Harvard Business School Case 224-029, January 2024. (Revised February 2024.)
  • October 20, 2020
  • Article

Expanding AI's Impact with Organizational Learning

By: Sam Ransbotham, Shervin Khodabandeh, David Kiron, François Candelon, Michael Chu and Burt LaFountain
Most companies developing AI capabilities have yet to gain significant financial benefits from their efforts. Only when organizations add the ability to learn with AI do significant benefits become likely. View Details
Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Learning; Adoption
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Ransbotham, Sam, Shervin Khodabandeh, David Kiron, François Candelon, Michael Chu, and Burt LaFountain. "Expanding AI's Impact with Organizational Learning." MIT Sloan Management Review, Big Ideas Artificial Intelligence and Business Strategy Initiative (website) (October 20, 2020). (Findings from the 2020 Artificial Intelligence Global Executive Study and Research Project.)
  • 15 Aug 2023
  • HBS Case

(Virtual) Reality Check: How Long Before We Live in the 'Metaverse'?

the case with HBS professor David B. Yoffie, the Max and Doris Starr Professor of International Business Administration at HBS, and Matt Higgins, now a senior researcher at the HBS California Research Center. At this point, it seems that View Details
Keywords: by Jay Fitzgerald; Technology; Computer; Information Technology
  • January–February 2025
  • Article

Why People Resist Embracing AI: The Five Main Obstacles—and How To Overcome Them

By: Julian De Freitas
The success of AI depends not only on its capabilities, which are becoming more advanced each day, but on people’s willingness to harness them. Unfortunately, many people view AI negatively, fearing it will cause job losses, increase the likelihood that their personal... View Details
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De Freitas, Julian. "Why People Resist Embracing AI: The Five Main Obstacles—and How To Overcome Them." Harvard Business Review 103, no. 1 (January–February 2025).
  • 26 Jun 2017
  • Research & Ideas

How Cellophane Changed the Way We Shop for Food

development of self-service merchandising systems in American grocery stores, but also revealing how cellophane manufacturers tried to control the narrative of how women buy food. “Cellophane changed how people shopped,” says Ai Hisano,... View Details
Keywords: by Carmen Nobel; Food & Beverage; Retail; Advertising
  • 2020
  • Book

Competing in the Age of AI: Strategy and Leadership When Algorithms and Networks Run the World

By: Marco Iansiti and Karim R. Lakhani
In industry after industry, data, analytics, and AI-driven processes are transforming the nature of work. While we often still treat AI as the domain of a specific skill, business function, or sector, we have entered a new era in which AI is challenging the very... View Details
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence; Technological Innovation; Change; Competition; Strategy; Leadership; Business Processes; Organizational Change and Adaptation; AI and Machine Learning
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Iansiti, Marco, and Karim R. Lakhani. Competing in the Age of AI: Strategy and Leadership When Algorithms and Networks Run the World. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2020.
  • 2025
  • Working Paper

Lessons from an App Update at Replika AI: Identity Discontinuity in Human-AI Relationships

By: Julian De Freitas, Noah Castelo, Ahmet Kaan Uğuralp and Zeliha Oğuz-Uğuralp
As consumers increasingly interact with AI applications specialized for social relationships, what is the nature and depth of these relationships among actual users, and can company actions influence these dynamics? We find that active users of the US-based AI... View Details
Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Welfare; Loss; Well-being; Identity; Perception; Relationships
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De Freitas, Julian, Noah Castelo, Ahmet Kaan Uğuralp, and Zeliha Oğuz-Uğuralp. "Lessons from an App Update at Replika AI: Identity Discontinuity in Human-AI Relationships." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-018, October 2024. (Revised May 2025.)
  • November 2022 (Revised March 2024)
  • Case

Replika AI: Monetizing a Chatbot

By: Julian De Freitas and Nicole Tempest Keller
In early 2018, Eugenia Kuyda, co-founder and CEO of San Francisco-based chatbot Replika AI, was deciding how to monetize the app she had built. Launched in 2017, Replika was a consumer AI “companion app” developed by a team of AI software engineers originally based in... View Details
Keywords: Mental Health; Subscriber Models; TAM; Monetization Strategy; Marketing Strategy; Product Marketing; AI and Machine Learning; Applications and Software; Product Positioning; Health Disorders; Technology Industry
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De Freitas, Julian, and Nicole Tempest Keller. "Replika AI: Monetizing a Chatbot." Harvard Business School Case 523-016, November 2022. (Revised March 2024.)
  • January 2025
  • Case

Ontra: Embracing GenAI in the Legal Technology Industry

By: Christopher Stanton and George Gonzalez
Ontra built a network of legal professionals to enable financial institutions to outsource contract negotiations. The rise of generative AI inspired the company to build software solutions to streamline its processes through automation. Now company leadership must... View Details
Keywords: Transformation; AI and Machine Learning; Applications and Software; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Organizational Culture; Business Strategy; Technology Industry; Legal Services Industry; United States
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Stanton, Christopher, and George Gonzalez. "Ontra: Embracing GenAI in the Legal Technology Industry." Harvard Business School Case 825-076, January 2025.
  • 2020
  • Working Paper

Design in the Age of Artificial Intelligence

By: Roberto Verganti, Luca Vendraminelli and Marco Iansiti
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is affecting the scenario in which innovation takes place. What are the implications for our understanding of design? Is AI just another digital technology that, akin to many others, will not significantly question what we know about... View Details
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence; Design Thinking; Technological Innovation; Design; Change; Theory; AI and Machine Learning
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Verganti, Roberto, Luca Vendraminelli, and Marco Iansiti. "Design in the Age of Artificial Intelligence." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-091, February 2020.
  • November 2, 2021
  • Article

The Cultural Benefits of Artificial Intelligence in the Enterprise

By: Sam Ransbotham, François Candelon, David Kiron, Burt LaFountain and Shervin Khodabandeh
The 2021 MIT SMR-BCG report identifies a wide range of AI-related cultural benefits at both the team and organizational levels. Whether it’s reconsidering business assumptions or empowering teams, managing the dynamics across culture, AI use, and organizational... View Details
Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Organizational Culture; Performance Effectiveness
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Ransbotham, Sam, François Candelon, David Kiron, Burt LaFountain, and Shervin Khodabandeh. "The Cultural Benefits of Artificial Intelligence in the Enterprise." MIT Sloan Management Review, Big Ideas Artificial Intelligence and Business Strategy Initiative (website) (November 2, 2021). (Findings from the 2021 Artificial Intelligence and Business Strategy Global Executive Study and Research Project.)
  • December 2018 (Revised March 2021)
  • Background Note

Modern Automation (A): Artificial Intelligence

By: William R. Kerr and James Palano
This primer is meant to be a field guide to the late 2010s' surge in business use of "Artificial Intelligence" (AI), or enterprise software based in machine learning. First, it provides an overview of the key trends—digitization, connectivity, the continuation of... View Details
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence; Digitization; Connectivity; Computing; Future Of Work; Automation; AI and Machine Learning
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Kerr, William R., and James Palano. "Modern Automation (A): Artificial Intelligence." Harvard Business School Background Note 819-084, December 2018. (Revised March 2021.)
  • November 2024
  • Supplement

AlphaGo (B): Birth of a New Intelligence

By: Shikhar Ghosh and Shweta Bagai
This case, the second in a three-part series, explores DeepMind's evolution from developing game-specific AI to more generalized learning systems. Following AlphaGo's 2017 victory over the Go world champion, DeepMind introduced two revolutionary systems that eliminated... View Details
Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Games, Gaming, and Gambling; Technological Innovation; Disruptive Innovation; Innovation Leadership; Information Technology Industry; United States; Russia; China
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Ghosh, Shikhar, and Shweta Bagai. "AlphaGo (B): Birth of a New Intelligence." Harvard Business School Supplement 825-074, November 2024.
  • July 2024
  • Case

The Voice Wars Continues 2024: Hey Google vs. Alexa vs. Siri vs. ChatGPT

By: David B. Yoffie and Sarah von Bargen
In 2024, the Voice War was transforming from a relatively simple index-based technology system, which relied on a list of commands and answers, to a generative AI system, which offered the promise to enable free flowing conversations between people and machines. The... View Details
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Yoffie, David B., and Sarah von Bargen. "The Voice Wars Continues 2024: Hey Google vs. Alexa vs. Siri vs. ChatGPT." Harvard Business School Case 725-352, July 2024.
  • 26 Sep 2024
  • HBS Case

If a Car Can Drive Itself, Can It Make Life-or-Death Decisions?

some companies hard-code ethical values—for example, the numerical value of a human life—into an algorithm. Others set up self-teaching AI to “learn” what risks the AV can take. Countries often want automated systems to adhere to local... View Details
Keywords: by Tom Quinn; Auto; Technology
  • 2017
  • Article

Agricultural Insurance and Economic Development

By: Shawn A. Cole and Wentao Xiong
This article provides a review of recent research on agricultural insurance (AI) in developing countries. Agricultural producers face a variety of significant risks; historically, only government-subsidized products have achieved widespread adoption. A recent... View Details
Keywords: Agribusiness; Insurance; Developing Countries and Economies; Adoption; Risk Management; Research; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry
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Cole, Shawn A., and Wentao Xiong. "Agricultural Insurance and Economic Development." Annual Review of Economics 9 (2017): 235–262.
  • Research Summary

Overview

My work assists small business entrepreneurs, and high-growth technology firms that serve them, to grow with technology and AI in emerging economies. View Details
Keywords: Economic Development; Experimentation; Environment; Entrepreneurship; Artificial Intelligence
  • February 2021
  • Tutorial

What is AI?

By: Tsedal Neeley
This video explores the elements that constitute artificial intelligence (AI). From its mathematical basis to current advances in AI, this video introduces students to data, tools, and statistical models that make a computer 'intelligent.' Through an explanation of... View Details
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence; Digital; Technological Innovation; Leadership; AI and Machine Learning; Mathematical Methods
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Neeley, Tsedal. What is AI? Harvard Business School Tutorial 421-713, February 2021. (https://hbsp.harvard.edu/product/421713-HTM-ENG?Ntt=tsedal%20neeley%20what%20is%20ai.)
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